Silver-Based Nanomaterials as Therapeutic Agents Against Coronaviruses: A Review

References

• Payne S. Family Coronaviridae In: Viruses. Elsevier; Acquisitions Editor: Linda Versteeg-Buschman 2017:149–158. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-803109-4.00017-9
   Google Scholar
• King AMQ, Adams MJ, Carstens EB, Lefkowitz EJ, eds. Family - Coronaviridae. In: Virus Taxonomy. Elsevier; 2012:806-828. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-384684-6.00068-9.
   Google Scholar
• Yang P, Wang X. COVID-19: a new challenge for human beings. Cell Mol Immunol. 2020;17(5):555–557. doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0407-x32235915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan Y, Zhao K, Shi Z-L, Zhou P. Bat Coronaviruses in China. Viruses. 2019;11(3):210. doi:10.3390/v11030210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bande F, Arshad SS, Omar AR, Bejo MH, Abubakar MS, Abba Y. Pathogenesis and diagnostic approaches of avian infectious bronchitis. Adv Virol. 2016;2016:1–11. doi:10.1155/2016/4621659
   Google Scholar
• Kahn JS, McIntosh K. History and recent advances in coronavirus discovery. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24(Supplement):S223–S227. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000188166.17324.6016378050
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Virology: coronaviruses. Nature. 1968;220(5168):650. doi:10.1038/220650b0
   Google Scholar
• Schoeman D, Fielding BC. Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge. Virol J. 2019;16(1):69. doi:10.1186/s12985-019-1182-031133031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsin W-C, Chang C-H, Chang C-Y, et al. Nucleocapsid protein-dependent assembly of the RNA packaging signal of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Biomed Sci. 2018;25(1):47. doi:10.1186/s12929-018-0449-x29793506
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belouzard S, Millet JK, Licitra BN, Whittaker GR. Mechanisms of coronavirus cell entry mediated by the viral spike protein. Viruses. 2012;4(6):1011–1033. doi:10.3390/v406101122816037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tai W, He L, Zhang X, et al. Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine. Cell Mol Immunol. 2020;17(6):613–620. doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0400-432203189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. The Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565–574. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou P, Yang X-L, Wang X-G, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270–273. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-732015507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi Y, Lagniton PNP, Ye S, Li E, Xu R-H. COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease. Int J Biol Sci. 2020;16(10):1753–1766. doi:10.7150/ijbs.4513432226295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(4):536–544. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z.32123347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Ho W, Huang Y, et al. SARS-CoV-2 is an appropriate name for the new coronavirus. The Lancet. 2020;395(10228):949–950. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30557-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y-Z, Holmes EC. A genomic perspective on the origin and emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Cell. 2020;181(2):223–227. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.03532220310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available from: https://covid19.who.int Accessed 1018, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Mullard A. COVID-19 vaccine development pipeline gears up. The Lancet. 2020;395(10239):1751–1752. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31252-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Thanh T, Andreadakis Z, Kumar A, et al. The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020;19(5):305–306. doi:10.1038/d41573-020-00073-532273591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patra JK, Das G, Fraceto LF, et al. Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects. J Nanobiotechnology. 2018;16(1):71. doi:10.1186/s12951-018-0392-830231877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khandel P, Yadaw RK, Soni DK, Kanwar L, Shahi SK. Biogenesis of metal nanoparticles and their pharmacological applications: present status and application prospects. J Nanostructure Chem. 2018;8(3):217–254. doi:10.1007/s40097-018-0267-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elahi N, Kamali M, Baghersad MH. Recent biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles: a review. Talanta. 2018;184:537–556. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.08829674080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azharuddin M, Zhu GH, Das D, et al. A repertoire of biomedical applications of noble metal nanoparticles. Chem Commun. 2019;55(49):6964–6996. doi:10.1039/C9CC01741K
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dukhinova MS, Prilepskii A, Shtil AA, Vinogradov VV. Metal oxide nanoparticles in therapeutic regulation of macrophage functions. Nanomaterials. 2019;9(11):1631. doi:10.3390/nano9111631
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das C, Sen S, Singh T, et al. Green synthesis, characterization and application of natural product coated magnetite nanoparticles for wastewater treatment. Nanomaterials. 2020;10(8):1615. doi:10.3390/nano10081615
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim -Y-Y, Walsh D. Metal sulfide nanoparticles synthesized via enzyme treatment of biopolymer stabilized nanosuspensions. Nanoscale. 2010;2(2):240–247. doi:10.1039/B9NR00194H20644800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L. Synthetic methods of CuS nanoparticles and their applications for imaging and cancer therapy. RSC Adv. 2016;6(86):82596–82615. doi:10.1039/C6RA18355G
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan I, Saeed K, Khan I. Nanoparticles: properties, applications and toxicities. Arab J Chem. 2019;12(7):908–931. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.05.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Huang Y, Wei X, et al. Covalent organic nanospheres: facile preparation and application in high-resolution gas chromatographic separation. Chem Commun. 2019;55(73):10908–10911. doi:10.1039/C9CC05307G
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbasi E, Aval S, Akbarzadeh A, et al. Dendrimers: synthesis, applications, and properties. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2014;9(1):247. doi:10.1186/1556-276X-9-24724994950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çağdaş M, Sezer AD, Bucak S. Liposomes as potential drug carrier systems for drug delivery In: Sezer AD editor. Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery. InTech;2014. doi:10.5772/58459
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad Z, Shah A, Siddiq M, Kraatz H-B. Polymeric micelles as drug delivery vehicles. RSC Adv. 2014;4(33):17028–17038. doi:10.1039/C3RA47370H
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey A. Solid lipid nanoparticles: a multidimensional drug delivery system In: Daima HK, Pn N, Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Lichtfouse E editors. Nanoscience in Medicine Vol. 1. Vol 39. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World. Springer International Publishing; 2020:249–295. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29207-2_8.
   Google Scholar
• Khalid K, Tan X, Mohd Zaid HF, et al. Advanced in developmental organic and inorganic nanomaterial: a review. Bioengineered. 2020;11(1):328–355. doi:10.1080/21655979.2020.173624032138595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz‐Hitzky E, Darder M, Wicklein B, et al. Nanotechnology responses to COVID‐19. Adv Healthc Mater. 2020;September:2000979. doi:10.1002/adhm.202000979
   Google Scholar
• Burdușel A-C, Gherasim O, Grumezescu AM, Mogoantă L, Ficai A, Andronescu E. Biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles: an up-to-date overview. Nanomaterials. 2018;8(9):681. doi:10.3390/nano8090681
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanova N, Gugleva V, Dobreva M, Pehlivanov I, Stefanov S, Andonova V. Silver nanoparticles as multi-functional drug delivery systems In: Akhyar Farrukh M editor. Nanomedicines. IntechOpen;2019. doi:10.5772/intechopen.80238
   Google Scholar
• Prabhu S, Poulose EK. Silver nanoparticles: mechanism of antimicrobial action, synthesis, medical applications, and toxicity effects. Int Nano Lett. 2012;2(1):32. doi:10.1186/2228-5326-2-32
   Google Scholar
• Roy CN, Ghosh D, Mondal S, Kundu S, Maiti S, Saha A. SERS enhancement on the basis of temperature-dependent chemisorption: microcalorimetric evidence. ChemPhysChem. 2016;17(24):4144–4148. doi:10.1002/cphc.20160094127723947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy CN, Ghosh D, Mondal S, Saha A. Reductant control on particle size, size distribution and morphology in the process of surface enhanced raman spectroscopy active silver colloid synthesis. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2015;15(2):1771–1779. doi:10.1166/jnn.2015.951126353731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhosale A, Bhanage M. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and their application as a sustainable catalyst for organic transformations. Curr Org Chem. 2015;19(8):708–727. doi:10.2174/1385272819666150207001154
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Z-J, Liu C-Y, Sun L-W. Catalytic properties of silver nanoparticles supported on silica spheres. J Phys Chem B. 2005;109(5):1730–1735. doi:10.1021/jp046032g16851151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das TK, Karmakar S, Maiti S, Kundu S, Saha A. Room temperature synthesis of NIR emitting Ag2S nanoparticles through aqueous route and its influence on structural modulation of DNA. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2020;227:117536. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2019.11753631703989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basheer NS, Kumar BR, Kurian A, George SD. Silver nanoparticle size–dependent measurement of quantum efficiency of Rhodamine 6G. Appl Phys B. 2013;113(4):581–587. doi:10.1007/s00340-013-5513-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelis G, Pang L, Doolette C, Kirby JK, McLaughlin MJ. Transport of silver nanoparticles in saturated columns of natural soils. Sci Total Environ. 2013;463–464:120–130. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahdi KNM, Peters R, van der Ploeg M, Ritsema C, Geissen V. Tracking the transport of silver nanoparticles in soil: a saturated column experiment. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2018;229(10):334. doi:10.1007/s11270-018-3985-930416217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das G, Patra JK, Shin H-S. Biosynthesis, and potential effect of fern mediated biocompatible silver nanoparticles by cytotoxicity, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antibacterial, studies. Mater Sci Eng C. 2020;114:111011. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2020.111011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loo YY, Rukayadi Y, Nor-Khaizura M-A-R, et al. In Vitro antimicrobial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against selected gram-negative foodborne pathogens. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1555. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.0155530061871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn E-Y, Park Y. Anticancer prospects of silver nanoparticles green-synthesized by plant extracts. Mater Sci Eng C. 2020;116:111253. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2020.111253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomathi AC, Xavier Rajarathinam SR, Mohammed Sadiq A, Rajeshkumar S. Anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous fruit shell extract of Tamarindus indica on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020;55:101376. doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101376
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshmukh SP, Patil SM, Mullani SB, Delekar SD. Silver nanoparticles as an effective disinfectant: a review. Mater Sci Eng C. 2019;97:954–965. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu S, Gao W, Gu HY. Construction, application and biosafety of silver nanocrystalline chitosan wound dressing. Burns. 2008;34(5):623–628. doi:10.1016/j.burns.2007.08.02018226459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao YN, Das SK, Saha A. Room temperature aqueous synthesis of bipyramidal silver nanostructures. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2012;12(3):2014–2021. doi:10.1166/jnn.2012.516522755014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrivas K, Nirmalkar N, Deb MK, Dewangan K, Nirmalkar J, Kumar S. Application of functionalized silver nanoparticles as a biochemical sensor for selective detection of lysozyme protein in milk sample. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2019;213:127–133. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2019.01.03930684881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loiseau A, Asila V, Boitel-Aullen G, Lam M, Salmain M, Boujday S. Silver-based plasmonic nanoparticles for and their use in biosensing. Biosensors. 2019;9(2):78. doi:10.3390/bios9020078
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rasool K, Lee DS. Inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles on removal of organic pollutants and sulfate in an anaerobic biological wastewater treatment process. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2016;16(5):4456–4463. doi:10.1166/jnn.2016.1098427483773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh J, Kumar V, Singh Jolly S, et al. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its photocatalytic applications for removal of organic pollutants in water. J Ind Eng Chem. 2019;80:247–257. doi:10.1039/B9NR00194H
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumesh E, Bootharaju MS, Anshup PT. A practical silver nanoparticle-based adsorbent for the removal of Hg2+ from water. J Hazard Mater. 2011;189(1–2):450–457. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.06121398028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Qahtani KM. Cadmium removal from aqueous solution by green synthesis zero valent silver nanoparticles with Benjamina leaves extract. Egypt J Aquat Res. 2017;43(4):269–274. doi:10.1007/s11270-018-3985-9
   Google Scholar
• Pandiarajan J, Krishnan M. Properties, synthesis and toxicity of silver nanoparticles. Environ Chem Lett. 2017;15(3):387–397. doi:10.1007/s10311-017-0624-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loiseau A, Asila V, Boitel-Aullen G, Lam M, Salmain M, Boujday S. Silver-based plasmonic nanoparticles for and their use in biosensing. Biosensors. 2019;9(2):78. doi:10.3390/bios9020078
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siddiqi KS, Husen A, Rao RAK. A review on biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biocidal properties. J Nanobiotechnology. 2018;16(1):14. doi:10.1186/s12951-018-0334-529452593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X-F, Liu Z-G, Shen W, Gurunathan S. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, properties, applications, and therapeutic approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(9):1534. doi:10.3390/ijms17091534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chouhan N. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and applications In: Maaz K editor. Silver Nanoparticles - Fabrication, Characterization and Applications. InTech;2018. doi:10.5772/intechopen.75611
   Google Scholar
• Lara HH, Ayala-Nuñez NV, Ixtepan-Turrent L, Rodriguez-Padilla C. Mode of antiviral action of silver nanoparticles against HIV-1. J Nanobiotechnology. 2010;8(1):1. doi:10.1186/1477-3155-8-120145735
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin Z, Li Y, Guo M, et al. The inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus-induced apoptosis by silver nanoparticles functionalized with zanamivir. RSC Adv. 2017;7(2):742–750. doi:10.1039/C6RA25010F
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chai H, Zhao Y, Zhao C, Gong P. Synthesis and in vitro anti-hepatitis B virus activities of some ethyl 6-bromo-5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylates. Bioorg Med Chem. 2006;14(4):911–917. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2005.08.04116183290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baram-Pinto D, Shukla S, Perkas N, Gedanken A, Sarid R. Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 infection by silver nanoparticles capped with mercaptoethane sulfonate. Bioconjug Chem. 2009;20(8):1497–1502. doi:10.1021/bc900215b21141805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers JV, Parkinson CV, Choi YW, Speshock JL, Hussain SM. A preliminary assessment of silver nanoparticle inhibition of monkeypox virus plaque formation. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2008;3(4):129–133. doi:10.1007/s11671-008-9128-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss C, Carriere M, Fusco L, et al. Toward nanotechnology-enabled approaches against the COVID-19 Pandemic. ACS Nano. 2020;14(6):6383–6406. doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c0369732519842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan WCW. Nano research for COVID-19. ACS Nano. 2020;14(4):3719–3720. doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c0254032227916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Łoczechin A, Séron K, Barras A, et al. Functional carbon quantum dots as medical countermeasures to human coronavirus. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019;11(46):42964–42974. doi:10.1021/acsami.9b1503231633330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikaeen G, Abbaszadeh S, Yousefinejad S. Application of nanomaterials in treatment, anti-infection and detection of coronaviruses. Nanomed. 2020;15(15):1501–1512. doi:10.2217/nnm-2020-0117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurunathan S, Qasim M, Choi Y, et al. Antiviral potential of nanoparticles—can nanoparticles fight against coronaviruses?. Nanomaterials. 2020;10(9):1645. doi:10.3390/nano10091645
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galdiero S, Falanga A, Vitiello M, Cantisani M, Marra V, Galdiero M. Silver nanoparticles as potential antiviral agents. Molecules. 2011;16(10):8894–8918. doi:10.3390/molecules1610889422024958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Shen W, Xue J, et al. Recent advances in synthetic methods and applications of silver nanostructures. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2018;13(1):54. doi:10.1186/s11671-018-2450-429457198
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Du T, Liang J, Dong N, et al. Glutathione-Capped Ag 2 S nanoclusters inhibit coronavirus proliferation through blockage of Viral RNA synthesis and budding. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;10(5):4369–4378. doi:10.1021/acsami.7b1381129337529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lv X, Wang P, Bai R, et al. Inhibitory effect of silver nanomaterials on transmissible virus-induced host cell infections. Biomaterials. 2014;35(13):4195–4203. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.05424524838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hummers WS, Offeman RE. Preparation of graphitic oxide. J Am Chem Soc. 1958;80(6):1339. doi:10.1021/ja01539a017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du T, Lu J, Liu L, et al. Antiviral activity of graphene oxide–silver nanocomposites by preventing viral entry and activation of the antiviral innate immune response. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2018;1(5):1286–1293. doi:10.1021/acsabm.8b00154
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huy TQ, Hien Thanh NT, Thuy NT, et al. Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of electrochemical – synthesized silver nanoparticles against poliovirus. J Virol Methods. 2017;241:52–57. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.12.01528040515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y-N, Hsueh Y-H, Hsieh C-T, Tzou D-Y, Chang P-L. Antiviral activity of graphene–silver nanocomposites against non-enveloped and enveloped viruses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(4):430. doi:10.3390/ijerph1304043027104546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lara HH, Ixtepan-Turrent L, Garza-Treviño EN, Rodriguez-Padilla C. PVP-coated silver nanoparticles block the transmission of cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 in human cervical culture. J Nanobiotechnology. 2010;8(1):15. doi:10.1186/1477-3155-8-1520626911
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morris D, Ansar M, Speshock J, et al. Antiviral and immunomodulatory activity of silver nanoparticles in experimental RSV infection. Viruses. 2019;11(8):732. doi:10.3390/v11080732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang D, Zheng C, Zheng Y, et al.. Inhibition of A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection by silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine. 2013:4103. doi:10.2147/IJN.S53622.24204140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang R, Lin Z, Lui VCH, et al. Silver nanoparticle treatment ameliorates biliary atresia syndrome in rhesus rotavirus inoculated mice. Nanomedicine Nanotechnol Biol Med. 2017;13(3):1041–1050. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2016.11.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stebounova LV, Adamcakova-Dodd A, Kim J, et al. Nanosilver induces minimal lung toxicity or inflammation in a subacute murine inhalation model. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2011;8(1):5. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-8-521266073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura S, Sato M, Sato Y, et al. Synthesis and application of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for the prevention of infection in healthcare workers. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(15):3620. doi:10.3390/ijms20153620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang E-J, Kim S, Kim JS, Choi I-H. Inflammasome formation and IL-1β release by human blood monocytes in response to silver nanoparticles. Biomaterials. 2012;33(28):6858–6867. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.01622770526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alphandéry E. The potential of various nanotechnologies for coronavirus diagnosis/treatment highlighted through a literature analysis. Bioconjug Chem. 2020;31(8):1873–1882. doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c0028732639742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Guzman D, Le Guen P, Villeret B, et al. Silver nanoparticle-adjuvanted vaccine protects against lethal influenza infection through inducing BALT and IgA-mediated mucosal immunity. Biomaterials. 2019;217:119308. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.11930831279103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobrovolskaia MA, Aggarwal P, Hall JB, McNeil SE. Preclinical studies to understand nanoparticle interaction with the immune system and its potential effects on nanoparticle biodistribution. Mol Pharm. 2008;5(4):487–495. doi:10.1021/mp800032f18510338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ninan N, Goswami N, Vasilev K. The impact of engineered silver nanomaterials on the immune system. Nanomaterials. 2020;10(5):967. doi:10.3390/nano10050967
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson C, Hussain SM, Schrand AM, et al. Unique cellular interaction of silver nanoparticles: size-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species. J Phys Chem B. 2008;112(43):13608–13619. doi:10.1021/jp712087m18831567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park J, Lim D-H, Lim H-J, et al. Size dependent macrophage responses and toxicological effects of Ag nanoparticles. Chem Commun. 2011;47(15):4382. doi:10.1039/c1cc10357a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Gutierrez F, Thi EP, Silverman JM, et al. Antibacterial activity, inflammatory response, coagulation and cytotoxicity effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomedicine Nanotechnol Biol Med. 2012;8(3):328–336. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2011.06.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park E-J, Bae E, Yi J, et al. Repeated-dose toxicity and inflammatory responses in mice by oral administration of silver nanoparticles. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010;30(2):162–168. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2010.05.00421787647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Tang H, Liu J, Wang H, Liu Y. Evaluation of the adjuvant effect of silver nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Lett. 2013;219(1):42–48. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.01023454833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aderibigbe B. Metal-based nanoparticles for the treatment of infectious diseases. Molecules. 2017;22(8):1370. doi:10.3390/molecules22081370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Ouay B, Stellacci F. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles: a surface science insight. Nano Today. 2015;10(3):339–354. doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2015.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao S, Zhang Y, Pan X, et al. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:1469–1487. doi:10.2147/IJN.S19134030880959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haggag E, Elshamy A, Rabeh M, et al. Antiviral potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles of Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:6217–6229. doi:10.2147/IJN.S21417131496682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zachar O. Formulations for COVID-19 Early Stage Treatment via Silver Nanoparticles Inhalation Delivery at Home and Hospital; 2020. doi:10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPHBJEO.v1
   Google Scholar
• Tien D-C, Tseng K-H, Liao C-Y, Tsung -T-T. Identification and quantification of ionic silver from colloidal silver prepared by electric spark discharge system and its antimicrobial potency study. J Alloys Compd. 2009;473(1–2):298–302. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.05.063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Y, Zhu H, Shen Y, Zhang W, Zhang L. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles of different particle size against Vibrio Natriegens. Mukherjee A, ed. PLOS ONE. 2019;14(9):e0222322. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.022232231518380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elechiguerra J, Burt JL, Morones JR, et al. Interaction of silver nanoparticles with HIV-1. J Nanobiotechnology. 2005;3(1):6. doi:10.1186/1477-3155-3-615987516
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pazos-Ortiz E, Roque-Ruiz JH, Hinojos-Márquez EA, et al. Dose-dependent antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles on polycaprolactone fibers against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. J Nanomater. 2017;2017:1–9. doi:10.1155/2017/4752314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho Y-M, Mizuta Y, Akagi J, Toyoda T, Sone M, Ogawa K. Size-dependent acute toxicity of silver nanoparticles in mice. J Toxicol Pathol. 2018;31(1):73–80. doi:10.1293/tox.2017-004329479144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams KM, Gokulan K, Cerniglia CE, Khare S. Size and dose dependent effects of silver nanoparticle exposure on intestinal permeability in an in vitro model of the human gut epithelium. J Nanobiotechnology. 2016;14(1):62. doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0214-927465730
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Staroverov SA, Volkov AA, Mezhenny PV, et al. Prospects for the use of spherical gold nanoparticles in immunization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019;103(1):437–447. doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9476-530402771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekimukai H, Iwata‐Yoshikawa N, Fukushi S, et al. Gold nanoparticle‐adjuvanted S protein induces a strong antigen‐specific IgG response against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus infection, but fails to induce protective antibodies and limit eosinophilic infiltration in lungs. Microbiol Immunol. 2020;64(1):33–51. doi:10.1111/1348-0421.1275431692019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layqah LA, Eissa S. An electrochemical immunosensor for the corona virus associated with the Middle East respiratory syndrome using an array of gold nanoparticle-modified carbon electrodes. Microchim Acta. 2019;186(4):224. doi:10.1007/s00604-019-3345-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed SR, É N, Neethirajan S. Self-assembled star-shaped chiroplasmonic gold nanoparticles for an ultrasensitive chiro-immunosensor for viruses. RSC Adv. 2017;7(65):40849–40857. doi:10.1039/C7RA07175B
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu I-L, Lin Y-C, Lin Y-C, et al.. Strip for antigen detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(9):2216. doi:10.3390/ijms20092216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang K, Zhu J, Dong H, Pei Z, Zhou T, Hu G. Rapid detection of variant and classical porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by nano-nest PCR. Pak Vet J Published Online. 2017;5.
   Google Scholar
• Weng X, Neethirajan S. Immunosensor based on antibody-functionalized MoS 2 for rapid detection of avian coronavirus on cotton thread. IEEE Sens J. 2018;18(11):4358–4363. doi:10.1109/JSEN.2018.282908432390783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed SR, Kang SW, Oh S, Lee J, Neethirajan S. Chiral zirconium quantum dots: a new class of nanocrystals for optical detection of coronavirus. Heliyon. 2018;4(8):e00766. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e0076630186985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim Y-S, Son A, Kim J, et al. Chaperna-mediated assembly of ferritin-based middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus nanoparticles. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1093. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.0109329868035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khaiboullina S, Uppal T, Dhabarde N, Subramanian VR, Verma SC. Vitro Inactivation of Human Coronavirus by Titania Nanoparticle Coatings and UVC Radiation: throwing Light on SARS-CoV-2. Microbiology. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.08.25.265223
   Google Scholar
• Villanueva-Flores F, Castro-Lugo A, Ramírez OT, Palomares LA. Understanding cellular interactions with nanomaterials: towards a rational design of medical nanodevices. Nanotechnology. 2020;31(13):132002. doi:10.1088/1361-6528/ab5bc831770746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar