Nanotherapeutic and Stem Cell Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Promising Therapeutic Approach

References

• Heemels MT. Neurodegenerative diseases. Nature. 2016;539(7628):179. doi:10.1038/539179a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaquer-Alicea J, Diamond MI. Propagation of protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases. Annu Rev Biochem. 2019;88:785–810. doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-045049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karabiyik CFR, Park S, Pavel M, Rubinsztein D. Autophagy in ageing and ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Neur Dis. 2021;1(1):2.
   Google Scholar
• Dugger BN, Dickson DW. Pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017;9(7):a028035. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a028035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivandzade F, Cucullo L. Regenerative stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases: an overview. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(4). doi:10.3390/ijms22042153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furtado D, Bjornmalm M, Ayton S, Bush AI, Kempe K, Caruso F. Overcoming the blood-brain barrier: the role of nanomaterials in treating neurological diseases. Adv Mater. 2018;30(46):e1801362. doi:10.1002/adma.201801362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Yuan M, Madison CA, Eitan S, Wang Y. Blood-brain barrier crossing using magnetic stimulated nanoparticles. J Control Release. 2022;345:557–571. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saraiva C, Praca C, Ferreira R, Santos T, Ferreira L, Bernardino L. Nanoparticle-mediated brain drug delivery: overcoming blood-brain barrier to treat neurodegenerative diseases. J Control Release. 2016;235:34–47. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Narayanan K, Chaudhary RK, et al. Current Perspective of Stem Cell Therapy in Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases. Mol Neurobiol. 2017;54(9):7276–7296. doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0217-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez B, Peplow PV. Biomaterial and tissue-engineering strategies for the treatment of brain neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res. 2022;17(10):2108–2116. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.336132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joyce N, Annett G, Wirthlin L, Olson S, Bauer G, Nolta JA. Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Regen Med. 2010;5(6):933–946. doi:10.2217/rme.10.72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Gioia R, Biella F, Citterio G, et al. Neural stem cell transplantation for neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(9):3103. doi:10.3390/ijms21093103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Chueng SD, Li Y, et al. A biodegradable hybrid inorganic nanoscaffold for advanced stem cell therapy. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):3147. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05599-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamanaka S. Pluripotent stem cell-based cell therapy-promise and challenges. Cell Stem Cell. 2020;27(4):523–531. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2020.09.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vissers C, Ming GL, Song H. Nanoparticle technology and stem cell therapy team up against neurodegenerative disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019;148:239–251. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2019.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei M, Li S, Le W. Nanomaterials modulate stem cell differentiation: biological interaction and underlying mechanisms. J Nanobiotechnology. 2017;15(1):75. doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0310-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guo Z, Sun C, Yang H, et al. Regulation of neural differentiation of ADMSCs using graphene-mediated wireless-localized electrical signals driven by electromagnetic induction. Adv Sci. 2022;9(14):e2104424. doi:10.1002/advs.202104424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong H, Wu YX, Yu S, et al. Two-photon CQDs-based dual-mode nanoprobe for fluorescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging of intracellular wide pH. Anal Chem. 2021;93(14):5691–5699. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adhikari A, Mondal S, Das M, et al. Incorporation of a biocompatible nanozyme in cellular antioxidant enzyme cascade reverses huntington’s like disorder in preclinical model. Adv Healthc Mater. 2021;10(7):e2001736. doi:10.1002/adhm.202001736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh N, Savanur MA, Srivastava S, D’silva P, Mugesh G. A redox modulatory Mn3 O4 nanozyme with multi-enzyme activity provides efficient cytoprotection to human cells in a Parkinson’s disease model. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2017;56(45):14267–14271. doi:10.1002/anie.201708573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debnath K, Pradhan N, Singh BK, Jana NR, Jana NR. Poly(trehalose) nanoparticles prevent amyloid aggregation and suppress polyglutamine aggregation in a huntington’s disease model mouse. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017;9(28):24126–24139. doi:10.1021/acsami.7b06510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao S, Liu Y, Han F, et al. An intelligent neural stem cell delivery system for neurodegenerative diseases treatment. Adv Healthc Mater. 2018;7(12):e1800080. doi:10.1002/adhm.201800080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrasekaran R, Madheswaran T, Tharmalingam N, Bose RJ, Park H, Ha DH. Labeling and tracking cells with gold nanoparticles. Drug Discov Today. 2021;26(1):94–105. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li W, Qiu J, Li XL, et al. BBB pathophysiology-independent delivery of siRNA in traumatic brain injury. Sci Adv. 2021;7(1):eabd6889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polo Y, Luzuriaga J, Iturri J, et al. Nanostructured scaffolds based on bioresorbable polymers and graphene oxide induce the aligned migration and accelerate the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells. Nanomedicine. 2021;31:102314. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2020.102314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parmar M, Grealish S, Henchcliffe C. The future of stem cell therapies for Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2020;21(2):103–115. doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0257-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parmar M. Towards stem cell based therapies for Parkinson’s disease. Development. 2018;145(1). doi:10.1242/dev.156117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan HJ, Yanshree RJ, Tipoe GL, Fung ML, Lim LW, Lim LW. Therapeutic potential of human stem cell implantation in alzheimer’s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(18):10151. doi:10.3390/ijms221810151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Ji X, Leak RK, Chen F, Cao G. Stem cell therapies in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;34:39–50. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cone AS, Yuan X, Sun L, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease-like phenotypes in a preclinical mouse model. Theranostics. 2021;11(17):8129–8142. doi:10.7150/thno.62069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattiangady B, Kuruba R, Shuai B, Grier R, Shetty AK. Hippocampal neural stem cell grafting after status epilepticus alleviates chronic epilepsy and abnormal plasticity, and maintains better memory and mood function. Aging Dis. 2020;11(6):1374–1394. doi:10.14336/AD.2020.1020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fayazi N, Sheykhhasan M, Soleimani Asl S, Najafi R. Stem cell-derived exosomes: a new strategy of neurodegenerative disease treatment. Mol Neurobiol. 2021;58(7):3494–3514. doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02324-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman LS, Romagano MP, Williams SF, Rameshwar P. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies in brain disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019;95:111–119. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staff NP, Jones DT, Singer W. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019;94(5):892–905. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrzejewska A, Dabrowska S, Lukomska B, Janowski M. Mesenchymal stem cells for neurological disorders. Adv Sci. 2021;8(7):2002944. doi:10.1002/advs.202002944
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez R, Hamblin MH, Lee JP. Neural stem cell transplantation and CNS diseases. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2016;15(8):881–886. doi:10.2174/1871527315666160815164247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford E, Pearlman J, Ruan T, et al. Human pluripotent stem cells-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases: current status and challenges. Cells. 2020;9(11):2517. doi:10.3390/cells9112517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdi S, Javanmehr N, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Bali HY, Pirzadeh M. Stem cell-based therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in alzheimer’s disease. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021;20(6):1093–1115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carradori D, Eyer J, Saulnier P, Preat V, Des Rieux A. The therapeutic contribution of nanomedicine to treat neurodegenerative diseases via neural stem cell differentiation. Biomaterials. 2017;123:77–91. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen TT, Dung Nguyen TT, Vo TK, et al. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery for central nervous system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;143:112117. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosi G, Vandelli MA, Forni F, Ruozi B. Nanomedicine and neurodegenerative disorders: so close yet so far. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2015;12(7):1041–1044. doi:10.1517/17425247.2015.1041374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezaei A, Rafieian F, Akbari-Alavijeh S, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Release of bioactive compounds from delivery systems by stimuli-responsive approaches; triggering factors, mechanisms, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2022;307:102728. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2022.102728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso BD, Cardoso VF, Lanceros-Mendez S, Castanheira EMS. Solid magnetoliposomes as multi-stimuli-responsive systems for controlled release of doxorubicin: assessment of lipid formulations. Biomedicines. 2022;10(5):1207. doi:10.3390/biomedicines10051207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decoteau W, Heckman KL, Estevez AY, et al. Cerium oxide nanoparticles with antioxidant properties ameliorate strength and prolong life in mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nanomedicine. 2016;12(8):2311–2320. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2016.06.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cormode DP, Gao L, Koo H. Emerging biomedical applications of enzyme-like catalytic nanomaterials. Trends Biotechnol. 2018;36(1):15–29. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei M, Lee J, Xia F, et al. Chemical design of nanozymes for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater. 2021;126:15–30. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Wei PF, Song YH, et al. MnFe2O4 nanoparticles accelerate the clearance of mutant huntingtin selectively through ubiquitin-proteasome system. Biomaterials. 2019;216:119248. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arotcarena ML, Soria FN, Cunha A, et al. Acidic nanoparticles protect against alpha-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration through the restoration of lysosomal function. Aging Cell. 2022;21(4):e13584. doi:10.1111/acel.13584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Q, Gao J, Wang S, Wang Y, Liu D, Wang J. Quantum dots in cell imaging and their safety issues. J Mater Chem B. 2021;9(29):5765–5779. doi:10.1039/D1TB00729G
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labrador-Paez L, Ximendes EC, Rodriguez-Sevilla P, et al. Core-shell rare-earth-doped nanostructures in biomedicine. Nanoscale. 2018;10(27):12935–12956. doi:10.1039/C8NR02307G
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egawa EY, Kitamura N, Nakai R, Arima Y, Iwata H. A DNA hybridization system for labeling of neural stem cells with SPIO nanoparticles for MRI monitoring post-transplantation. Biomaterials. 2015;54:158–167. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholls FJ, Rotz MW, Ghuman H, Macrenaris KW, Meade TJ, Modo M. DNA-gadolinium-gold nanoparticles for in vivo T1 MR imaging of transplanted human neural stem cells. Biomaterials. 2016;77:291–306. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Xie B, Zou Y, et al. Zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional biomaterials for cell fate regulation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018;132:33–56. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao M, Zhang Z, Liu C, et al. Hydroxyapatite nanorods function as safe and effective growth factors regulating neural differentiation and neuron development. Adv Mater. 2021;33(33):e2100895. doi:10.1002/adma.202100895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia L, Zhu W, Wang Y, He S, Chai R. Regulation of neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation by graphene-based biomaterials. Neural Plast. 2019;2019:3608386. doi:10.1155/2019/3608386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JM, Kang WS, Lee KG, et al. Combinatorial biophysical cue sensor array for controlling neural stem cell fate. Biosens Bioelectron. 2020;156:112125. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2020.112125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei M, Li S, Yang Z, Zheng W, Le W. Gold nanoparticles enhance the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into dopaminergic neurons via mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Nanomedicine. 2017;12(11):1305–1317. doi:10.2217/nnm-2017-0001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma W, Xie X, Shao X, et al. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures facilitate neural stem cell migration via activating RHOA/ROCK2 signalling pathway. Cell Prolif. 2018;51(6):e12503. doi:10.1111/cpr.12503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SJ, Kim S, Kim SY, et al. Highly efficient and rapid neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells based on retinoic acid encapsulated porous nanoparticle. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017;9(40):34634–34640. doi:10.1021/acsami.7b09760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang D, Li T, Xu M, et al. Graphene oxide promotes the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells to dopamine neurons. Nanomedicine. 2014;9(16):2445–2455. doi:10.2217/nnm.13.197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung HS, Yang YC, Chang CH, et al. Neural differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells enhanced by biocompatible chitosan-gold nanocomposites. Cells. 2022;11(12):1861. doi:10.3390/cells11121861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren H, Li J, Peng A, et al. Water-soluble, alanine-modified fullerene C60 promotes the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(10):5714. doi:10.3390/ijms23105714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marei HE, Elnegiry AA, Zaghloul A, et al. Nanotubes impregnated human olfactory bulb neural stem cells promote neuronal differentiation in Trimethyltin-induced neurodegeneration rat model. J Cell Physiol. 2017;232(12):3586–3597. doi:10.1002/jcp.25826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semeano AT, Tofoli FA, Correa-Velloso JC, et al. Effects of magnetite nanoparticles and static magnetic field on neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2022;18(4):1337–1354. doi:10.1007/s12015-022-10332-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang Y, Cho B, Lee E, et al. Electromagnetized gold nanoparticles improve neurogenesis and cognition in the aged brain. Biomaterials. 2021;278:121157. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang S, Hao M, Gao W, et al. Neuron-like cell differentiation of hADSCs promoted by a copper sulfide nanostructure mediated plasmonic effect driven by near-infrared light. Nanoscale. 2020;12(17):9833–9841. doi:10.1039/D0NR02319A
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu A, Sun M, Kim JY, et al. Stimulation of neural stem cell differentiation by circularly polarized light transduced by chiral nanoassemblies. Nat Biomed Eng. 2021;5(1):103–113. doi:10.1038/s41551-020-00634-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo J, Lee E, Kim HY, et al. Electromagnetized gold nanoparticles mediate direct lineage reprogramming into induced dopamine neurons in vivo for Parkinson’s disease therapy. Nat Nanotechnol. 2017;12(10):1006–1014. doi:10.1038/nnano.2017.133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cong W, Bai R, Li YF, Wang L, Chen C. Selenium nanoparticles as an efficient nanomedicine for the therapy of huntington’s disease. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019;11(38):34725–34735. doi:10.1021/acsami.9b12319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gholamigeravand B, Shahidi S, Afshar S, et al. Synergistic effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and selenium nanoparticles on streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in the rat. Life Sci. 2021;272:119246. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soleimani Asl S, Amiri I, Samzadeh-Kermani A, Abbasalipourkabir R, Gholamigeravand B, Shahidi S. Chitosan-coated Selenium nanoparticles enhance the efficiency of stem cells in the neuroprotection of streptozotocin-induced neurotoxicity in male rats. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2021;141:106089. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X, Glass Z, Chen J, Yang L, Kaplan DL, Xu Q. mRNA delivery using bioreducible lipidoid nanoparticles facilitates neural differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Adv Healthc Mater. 2021;10(4):e2000938. doi:10.1002/adhm.202000938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo YC, Shih-Huang CY, Rajesh R. Enhanced integrin affinity and neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells using Ln5-P4-grafted amphiphilic solid lipid nanoparticles. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021;118:111339. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2020.111339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu D, Zhang Y, Xu X, et al. RGD/TAT-functionalized chitosan-graft-PEI-PEG gene nanovector for sustained delivery of NT-3 for potential application in neural regeneration. Acta Biomater. 2018;72:266–277. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcuzzo S, Isaia D, Bonanno S, et al. FM19G11-loaded gold nanoparticles enhance the proliferation and self-renewal of ependymal stem progenitor cells derived from ALS mice. Cells. 2019;8(3):279. doi:10.3390/cells8030279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma W, Shao X, Zhao D, et al. Self-assembled tetrahedral DNA nanostructures promote neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;10(9):7892–7900. doi:10.1021/acsami.8b00833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira R, Fonseca MC, Santos T, et al. Retinoic acid-loaded polymeric nanoparticles enhance vascular regulation of neural stem cell survival and differentiation after ischaemia. Nanoscale. 2016;8(15):8126–8137. doi:10.1039/C5NR09077F
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang R, Wang Z, Yang Z, et al. RNA-silencing nanoprobes for effective activation and dynamic imaging of neural stem cell differentiation. Theranostics. 2019;9(18):5386–5395. doi:10.7150/thno.35032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei M, Li S, Yang Z, Cheng C, Li T, Le W. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures functionalized by multivalent microRNA132 antisense oligonucleotides promote the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. Nanomedicine. 2021;34:102375. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2021.102375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang R, Li Y, Hu B, Lu Z, Zhang J, Zhang X. Traceable nanoparticle delivery of small interfering RNA and retinoic acid with temporally release ability to control neural stem cell differentiation for Alzheimer’s disease therapy. Adv Mater. 2016;28(30):6345–6352. doi:10.1002/adma.201600554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Z, Qu A, Wang W, et al. Facet-dependent biodegradable Mn3 O4 nanoparticles for ameliorating Parkinson’s disease. Adv Healthc Mater. 2021;10(23):e2101316. doi:10.1002/adhm.202101316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu D, Ma M, Liu Z, et al. MOF-encapsulated nanozyme enhanced siRNA combo: control neural stem cell differentiation and ameliorate cognitive impairments in Alzheimer’s disease model. Biomaterials. 2020;255:120160. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung TH, Hsu SC, Wu SH, et al. Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticle-improved therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Nanoscale. 2018;10(6):2998–3007. doi:10.1039/C7NR06976F
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moayeri A, Darvishi M, Amraei M. Homing of Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) labeled adipose-derived stem cells by magnetic attraction in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Int J Nanomed. 2020;15:1297–1308. doi:10.2147/IJN.S238266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Discher DE, Mooney DJ, Zandstra PW. Growth factors, matrices, and forces combine and control stem cells. Science. 2009;324(5935):1673–1677. doi:10.1126/science.1171643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faissner A, Reinhard J. The extracellular matrix compartment of neural stem and glial progenitor cells. Glia. 2015;63(8):1330–1349. doi:10.1002/glia.22839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Lee JH, Rathnam C, Hou Y, Choi JW, Lee KB. Dual-enhanced raman scattering-based characterization of stem cell differentiation using graphene-plasmonic hybrid nanoarray. Nano Lett. 2019;19(11):8138–8148. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asheghali D, Lee SJ, Furchner A, et al. Enhanced neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells with mechanically enhanced touch-spun nanofibrous scaffolds. Nanomedicine. 2020;24:102152. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2020.102152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu X, Sun C, Chen L, et al. Stemness maintenance and massproduction of neural stem cells on Poly L-Lactic acid nanofibrous membrane based on piezoelectriceffect. Small. 2022;18(13):e2107236. doi:10.1002/smll.202107236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawat S, Jain KG, Gupta D, et al. Graphene nanofiber composites for enhanced neuronal differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Nanomedicine. 2021;16(22):1963–1982. doi:10.2217/nnm-2021-0121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahimzadegan M, Mohammadi Q, Shafieian M, Sabzevari O, Hassannejad Z. Influence of reducing agents on in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles and scaffold conductivity with emphasis on neural differentiation. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021;134:112634.
   Google Scholar
• Hsieh FY, Shrestha LK, Ariga K, Hsu SH. Neural differentiation on aligned fullerene C60 nanowhiskers. Chem Commun. 2017;53(80):11024–11027. doi:10.1039/C7CC06395D
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte C, Rodighiero S, Cappelluti MA, et al. Conversion of nanoscale topographical information of cluster-assembled zirconia surfaces into mechanotransductive events promotes neuronal differentiation. J Nanobiotechnol. 2016;14:18. doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0171-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silantyeva EA, Nasir W, Carpenter J, Manahan O, Becker ML, Willits RK. Accelerated neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells on aligned GYIGSR-functionalized nanofibers. Acta Biomater. 2018;75:129–139. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang S, Sun P, Lin K, et al. Extracellular nanomatrix-induced self-organization of neural stem cells into miniature substantia nigra-like structures with therapeutic effects on parkinsonian rats. Adv Sci. 2019;6(24):1901822. doi:10.1002/advs.201901822
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai X, Zhao X, Liu Y, et al. Controlled synthesis and surface engineering of janus chitosan-gold nanoparticles for photoacoustic imaging-guided synergistic gene/photothermal therapy. Small. 2021;17(11):e2006004. doi:10.1002/smll.202006004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung S, Harris N, Niyonshuti II, et al. Photothermal response induced by nanocage-coated artificial extracellular matrix promotes neural stem cell differentiation. Nanomaterials. 2021;11(5):1216. doi:10.3390/nano11051216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, Meng Z, Zhao Z. Silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds incorporated with microRNA-222 loaded chitosan nanoparticles for enhanced neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells. Carbohydr Polym. 2022;277:118791. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Liu X, Fu J, et al. Release of methylene blue from graphene oxide-coated electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds to modulate functions of neural progenitor cells. Acta Biomater. 2019;88:346–356. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao H, Xu J, Peng K, et al. Supramolecular nanofibers for encapsulation and in situ differentiation of neural stem cells. Adv Healthc Mater. 2020;9(1):e1901295. doi:10.1002/adhm.201901295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabrouk M, Ismail E, Beherei H, et al. Biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose/glycine/RuO2 composite scaffolds for neural-like cells. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022;209(Pt B):2097–2108. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.190
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ranjan VD, Qiu L, Lee JW, et al. A microfiber scaffold-based 3D in vitro human neuronal culture model of Alzheimer’s disease. Biomater Sci. 2020;8(17):4861–4874. doi:10.1039/D0BM00833H
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Wang Y, Zhou G, Hu X, Han S, Gao J. The combination of nanoscaffolds and stem cell transplantation: paving a promising road for spinal cord injury regeneration. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;143:112233. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu W, Chen B, Shu W, et al. Polymer-based scaffold strategies for spinal cord repair and regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020;8:590549. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.590549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Q, Yang L, Jiang Z, et al. Three-dimensional stiff graphene scaffold on neural stem cells behavior. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2016;8(50):34227–34233. doi:10.1021/acsami.6b12305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim GJ, Lee KJ, Choi JW, An JH. Modified industrial three-dimensional polylactic acid scaffold cell chip promotes the proliferation and differentiation of human neural stem cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(4):2204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo W, Wang S, Yu X, et al. Construction of a 3D rGO-collagen hybrid scaffold for enhancement of the neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Nanoscale. 2016;8(4):1897–1904. doi:10.1039/C5NR06602F
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aarntzen EH, Srinivas M, Punt CJ, Figdor CG, Oyen WJ, De Vries IJ. Insight into the dynamics, localization and magnitude of antigen-specific immune responses by [(18)F]FLT PET imaging. Oncoimmunology. 2012;1(5):744–745. doi:10.4161/onci.19533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagno L, Hatzistergos KE, Balkan W, Hare JM. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease: progress and challenges. Mol Ther. 2018;26(7):1610–1623. doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.05.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Chhour P, Hsu J, et al. Use of nanoparticle contrast agents for cell tracking with computed tomography. Bioconjug Chem. 2017;28(6):1581–1597. doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang B, Yan W, Zhu Y, et al. Nanomaterials in neural-stem-cell-mediated regenerative medicine: imaging and treatment of neurological diseases. Adv Mater. 2018;30(17):e1705694. doi:10.1002/adma.201705694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yim MS, Hwang YS, Bang JK, et al. Morphologically homogeneous, pH-responsive gold nanoparticles for non-invasive imaging of HeLa cancer. Nanomedicine. 2021;34:102394. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2021.102394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuda H. MRI morphometry in Alzheimer’s disease. Ageing Res Rev. 2016;30:17–24. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson KA, Fox NC, Sperling RA, Klunk WE. Brain imaging in Alzheimer disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2(4):a006213. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao T, Wang P, Gong T, et al. Reporter genes for brain imaging using MRI, SPECT and PET. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(15):8443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim KY, Chang KA. Therapeutic potential of magnetic nanoparticle-based human adipose-derived stem cells in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(2):654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam J, So KH, Kc E, et al. Transplantation of human embryonic stem cells alleviates motor dysfunction in AAV2-Htt171-82Q transfected rat model of Huntington’s disease. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12(1):585. doi:10.1186/s13287-021-02653-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hour FQ, Moghadam AJ, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Bakhtiyari M, Shabani R, Mehdizadeh M. Magnetic targeted delivery of the SPIONs-labeled mesenchymal stem cells derived from human Wharton’s jelly in Alzheimer’s rat models. J Control Release. 2020;321:430–441. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Jiang J, Fu X, et al. Fe3O4@polydopamine nanoparticle-loaded human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve the cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease mice by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis. Nanomedicine. 2022;40:102507. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2021.102507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Li Y, Ji W, et al. Positively charged polyprodrug amphiphiles with enhanced drug loading and reactive oxygen species-responsive release ability for traceable synergistic therapy. J Am Chem Soc. 2018;140(11):4164–4171. doi:10.1021/jacs.8b01641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim T, Lee N, Arifin DR, et al. In vivo Micro-CT imaging of human mesenchymal stem cells labeled with Gold-Poly-L-Lysine nanocomplexes. Adv Funct Mater. 2017;27(3). doi:10.1002/adfm.201604213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole LE, Ross RD, Tilley JM, Vargo-Gogola T, Roeder RK. Gold nanoparticles as contrast agents in x-ray imaging and computed tomography. Nanomedicine. 2015;10(2):321–341. doi:10.2217/nnm.14.171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perets N, Betzer O, Shapira R, et al. Golden exosomes selectively target brain pathologies in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Nano Lett. 2019;19(6):3422–3431. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dippold D, Cai A, Hardt M, et al. Investigation of the batch-to-batch inconsistencies of Collagen in PCL-Collagen nanofibers. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019;95:217–225. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Zhong X, Li J, Liu Z, Cheng L. Inorganic nanomaterials with rapid clearance for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev. 2021;50(15):8669–8742. doi:10.1039/d0cs00461h
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang SE, Qiu L, Cai X, et al. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanoparticles labeled human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived neurons for transplantation. Biomaterials. 2021;271:120747. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang D, Cao Y, Yang X, et al. A nanoformulation-mediated multifunctional stem cell therapy with improved beta-amyloid clearance and neural regeneration for Alzheimer’s disease. Adv Mater. 2021;33(13):e2006357. doi:10.1002/adma.202006357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar