Prevalence, Risk Factors and Effects of Domestic Violence Before and During Pregnancy on Birth Outcomes: An Observational Study of Literate Omani Women

References

• World Health Organization. Violence Against Women. World Health Organization; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Nations U. Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women. New York: UN; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Elghossain T, Bott S, Akik C, Obermeyer CM. Prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in the Arab world: a systematic review. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2019;19(1):29. doi:10.1186/s12914-019-0215-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy. World Health Organization; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahim ZM, Sayed Ahmed WA, El-Hamid SA, Hagras AM. Intimate partner violence among Egyptian pregnant women: incidence, risk factors, and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2015;42(2):212–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachana C, Suraiya K, Hisham AS, Abdulaziz AM, Hai A. Prevalence and complications of physical violence during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002;103(1):26–29. doi:10.1016/S0301-2115(02)00022-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva EP, Ludermir AB, Araújo TV, Valongueiro SA. Frequency and pattern of intimate partner violence before, during and after pregnancy. Rev Saude Publica. 2011;14(45):1044–1053. doi:10.1590/S0034-89102011005000074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burch RL, Gallup Jr. GG. Pregnancy as a stimulus for domestic violence. J Fam Violence. 2004;19(4):243–247. doi:10.1023/B:JOFV.0000032634.40840.48
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin SL, Mackie L, Kupper LL, Buescher PA, Moracco KE. Physical abuse of women before, during, and after pregnancy. JAMA. 2001;285(12):1581–1584. doi:10.1001/jama.285.12.1581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballard TJ, Saltzman LE, Gazmararian JA, Spitz AM, Lazorick S, Marks JS. Violence during pregnancy: measurement issues. Am J Public Health. 1998;88(2):274–276. doi:10.2105/AJPH.88.2.274
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Parys AS, Deschepper E, Michielsen K, Temmerman M, Verstraelen H. Prevalence and evolution of intimate partner violence before and during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14(1):294. doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen TH, Ngo TV, Nguyen VD, et al. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Vietnam: prevalence, risk factors and the role of social support. Glob Health Action. 2018;11(sup3):1638052. doi:10.1080/16549716.2019.1638052
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yakubovich AR, Stöckl H, Murray J, et al. Risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence against women: systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective–longitudinal studies. Am J Public Health. 2018;108(7):e1. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bifftu BB, Dachew BA, Tadesse Tiruneh B, Zewoldie AZ. Domestic violence among pregnant mothers in Northwest Ethiopia: prevalence and associated factors. Adv Public Health. 2017;2017:1–6. doi:10.1155/2017/6506231
   Google Scholar
• Al Kindi A, Al Shidhani N, Al Kiyumi M. Domestic violence among literate Omani women: prevalence, risk factors, and help-seeking behaviors. East Mediterr Health J. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stöckl H, Devries K, Rotstein A, et al. The global prevalence of intimate partner homicide: a systematic review. Lancet. 2013;382(9895):859–865. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61030-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawcroft C, Hughes R, Shaheen A, et al. Prevalence and health outcomes of domestic violence amongst clinical populations in Arab countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):315. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6619-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Azri M, Al-Lawati I, Al-Kamyani R, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of antenatal depression among Omani women in a primary care setting: cross-sectional study. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2016;16(1):e35. doi:10.18295/squmj.2016.16.01.007
   Google Scholar
• Al Rawahi A, Al Kiyumi MH, Al Kimyani R, et al. The effect of antepartum depression on the outcomes of pregnancy and development of postpartum depression: a prospective cohort study of Omani women. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2020;20(2):e179. doi:10.18295/squmj.2020.20.02.008
   Google Scholar
• El-Mohandes AA, Kiely M, Gantz MG, El-Khorazaty MN. Very preterm birth is reduced in women receiving an integrated behavioral intervention: a randomized controlled trial. Matern Child Health J. 2011;15(1):19–28. doi:10.1007/s10995-009-0557-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddad LG, Shotar A, Younger JB, Alzyoud S, Bouhaidar CM. Screening for domestic violence in Jordan: validation of an Arabic version of a domestic violence against women questionnaire. Int J Womens Health. 2011;3:79. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S17135
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swahnberg IK, Wijma B. The NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ) Validation of new measures of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and abuse in the health care system among women. Eur J Public Health. 2003;13(4):361–366. doi:10.1093/eurpub/13.4.361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijma B, Schei B, Swahnberg K, et al. Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in patients visiting gynaecology clinics: a Nordic cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2003;361(9375):2107–2113. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13719-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean AG, Sullivan KM, Soe MM OpenEpi: open source epidemiologic statistics for public health, version. 2013.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Oman, gender justice & law; 2018. Available from: https://arabstates.unfpa.org/en/publications/gender-justice-law-oman. Accessed October 16, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Plecher H. Oman - fertility rate 2008–2018; 2020. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/455499/fertility-rate-in-oman/#:~:text=In%202018%2C%20the%20fertility%20rate,to%202.89%20children%20per%20woman.
   Google Scholar
• National Centre for Statistics & Information. Oman, Statistical Year Book. 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Janssen PA, Holt VL, Sugg NK, Emanuel I, Critchlow CM, Henderson AD. Intimate partner violence and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(5):1341–1347. doi:10.1067/mob.2003.274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taillieu TL, Brownridge DA. Violence against pregnant women: prevalence, patterns, risk factors, theories, and directions for future research. Aggress Violent Behav. 2010;15(1):14–35. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2009.07.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bağcıoğlu E, Vural M, Karababa İF, Akşin M, Selek S. Decrease in domestic violence during pregnancy: a study from Turkey. J Interpers Violence. 2014;29(2):203–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alebel A, Kibret GD, Wagnew F, et al. Intimate partner violence and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Health. 2018;15(1):1–2. doi:10.1186/s12978-018-0637-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallitto CC, García-Moreno C, Jansen HA, Heise L, Ellsberg M, Watts C. Intimate partner violence, abortion, and unintended pregnancy: results from the WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;120(1):3–9. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2012.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin-de-Las-Heras S, Velasco C, de Dios Luna J, Martin A. Unintended pregnancy and intimate partner violence around pregnancy in a population-based study. Women Birth. 2015;28(2):101–105. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2015.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhlmann AS, Shato T, Fu Q, Sierra M. Intimate partner violence, pregnancy intention and contraceptive use in Honduras. Contraception. 2019;100(2):137–141. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2019.03.050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T, Liu Y, Li Z, et al. Prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0175108. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellsberg M, Jansen HA, Heise L, Watts CH, Garcia-Moreno C. Intimate partner violence and women’s physical and mental health in the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence: an observational study. Lancet. 2008;371(9619):1165–1172. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60522-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straight ES, Harper FW, Arias I. The impact of partner psychological abuse on health behaviors and health status in college women. J Interpers Violence. 2003;18(9):1035–1054. doi:10.1177/0886260503254512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues T, Rocha L, Barros H. Physical abuse during pregnancy and preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198(2):171–e1. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.05.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan BM, Spracklen CN, Schweizer ML, Ryckman KK, Saftlas AF. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and the risk for adverse infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. BJOG. 2016;123(8):1289–1299. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.13928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill A, Pallitto C, McCleary-Sills J, Garcia-Moreno C. A systematic review and meta-analysis of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and selected birth outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016;133(3):269–276. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.10.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abujilban S, Mrayan L, Al-Modallal H, Isaa EA. Effects of intimate partner physical violence on newborns’ birth outcomes among Jordanian birthing women. J Interpers Violence. 2017;32(24):3822–3838. doi:10.1177/0886260515603975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berenson AB, Wiemann CM, Wilkinson GS, Jones WA, Anderson GD. Perinatal morbidity associated with violence experienced by pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170(5):1760–1769. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(12)91846-3
   Google Scholar
• Grimstad H, Schei B, Backe B, Jacobsen G. Physical abuse and low birthweight: a case-control study. BJOG. 1997;104(11):1281–1287. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb10975.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Women UN. Violence Against Women: What is at Stake? Status of Arab Women Report 2017. Beirut: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Cann K, Withnell S, Shakespeare J, Doll H, Thomas J. Domestic violence: a comparative survey of levels of detection, knowledge, and attitudes in healthcare workers. Public Health. 2001;115(2):89–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Procentese F, Di Napoli I, Tuccillo F, Chiurazzi A, Arcidiacono C. Healthcare professionals’ perceptions and concerns towards domestic violence during pregnancy in Southern Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(17):3087. doi:10.3390/ijerph16173087
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaher E, Keogh K, Ratnapalan S. Effect of domestic violence training: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Can Fam Physician. 2014;60(7):618–624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett L, Riger S, Schewe P, Howard A, Wasco S. Effectiveness of hotline, advocacy, counseling, and shelter services for victims of domestic violence: a statewide evaluation. J Interpers Violence. 2004;19(7):815–829. doi:10.1177/0886260504265687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Parys AS, Verhamme A, Temmerman M, Verstraelen H, Vermund SH. Intimate partner violence and pregnancy: a systematic review of interventions. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e85084. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Napoli I, Procentese F, Carnevale S, Esposito C, Arcidiacono C. Ending intimate partner violence (IPV) and locating men at stake: an ecological approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(9):1652. doi:10.3390/ijerph16091652
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar