The Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and Obesity and Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone Level in Chinese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective, Single-Center Cohort Study

References

• Ding T, Hardiman PJ, Petersen I, et al. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in reproductive-aged women of different ethnicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(56):96351. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.19180
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen X, Yang D, Mo Y, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected women from southern China. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Bio. 2008;139(1):59–64. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007.12.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deswal R, Narwal V, Dang A, et al. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome: a brief systematic review. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2020;13(4):261. doi:10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_95_18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lizneva D, Suturina L, Walker W, et al. Criteria, prevalence, and phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2016;106(1):6–15. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podfigurna-Stopa A, Luisi S, Regini C, et al. Mood disorders and quality of life in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2015;31(6):431–434. doi:10.3109/09513590.2015.1009437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amiri M, Bidhendi YR, Nahidi F, et al. The relationship between clinical and biochemical characteristics and quality of life in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol. 2019;90(1):129–137. doi:10.1111/cen.13858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. Boston. 1992;1992:77–84.
   Google Scholar
• The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop groxup. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Human Rep. 2004;19:41–47. doi:10.1093/humrep/deh098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, et al. Criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an androgen excess society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:4237–4245. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinese Endocrinologist Association, Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Endocrinologist consensus on the management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Chin J Endocrinol Metab. 2018;34(1):1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Wolf WM, Wattick RA, Kinkade ON, et al. Geographical prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome as determined by region and race/ethnicity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(11):2589. doi:10.3390/ijerph15112589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De LV, Musacchio MC, Cappelli V, et al. Genetic, hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS: an update. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2016;14(1):38. doi:10.1186/s12958-016-0173-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yumiko T, Yoshikazu K, Yuko H, et al. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in the diagnosis of adolescent polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr J. 2022;69:897–906. doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ22-0081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salman BM, Javeria S, Sobia A, et al. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone as a predictor of polycystic ovarian syndrome among women of reproductive age. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22:199. doi:10.1186/s12905-022-01782-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iris H, Preston PJ, Klara B, et al. Parameters for calcium metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome who undergo stimulation with letrozole: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Med. 2022;11:2597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moolhuijsen LME, Louwers YV, Anke M, et al. Association between an AMH promoter polymorphism and serum AMH levels in PCOS patients. Hum Reprod. 2022;37:1544–1556. doi:10.1093/humrep/deac082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewa R, Michał K, Anna C-K, et al. Anti-müllerian hormone in pathogenesis, diagnostic and treatment of PCOS. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;23:22. doi:10.3390/ijms23010022
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bell RJ, Islam RM, Skiba MA, et al. Substituting serum anti-Müllerian hormone for polycystic ovary morphology increases the number of women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome: a community-based cross-sectional study. Hum Reprod. 2021;37:109–118. doi:10.1093/humrep/deab232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Loos Alexandra D, Martin H, Katharina B, et al. Antimüllerian hormone to determine polycystic ovarian morphology. Fertil Steril. 2021;116:1149–1157. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.05.094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evliyaoglu O, Imöhl M, Weiskirchen R, et al. Age-specific reference values improve the diagnostic performance of AMH in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020;58(8):1291–1301. doi:10.1515/cclm-2019-1059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calzada M, López N, Noguera JA, et al. AMH in combination with SHBG for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;39(8):1130–1136. doi:10.1080/01443615.2019.1587604
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abbara A, Eng PC, Phylactou M, et al. Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) in the diagnosis of menstrual disturbance due to polycystic ovarian syndrome. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:656. doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshmukh H, Papageorgiou M, Kilpatrick EC, et al. Development of a novel risk prediction and risk stratification score for polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol. 2019;90(1):162–169. doi:10.1111/cen.13879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiweko B, Maidarti M, Priangga MD, et al. Anti-mullerian hormone as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for PCOS patients. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2014;31(10):1311–1316. doi:10.1007/s10815-014-0300-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumford SL, Legro RS, Diamond MP, et al. Baseline AMH level associated with ovulation following ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(9):3288–3296. doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knez J, Kovačič B, Medved M, et al. What is the value of anti-Müllerian hormone in predicting the response to ovarian stimulation with GnRH agonist and antagonist protocols. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2015;13:58. doi:10.1186/s12958-015-0049-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xin L, Ying H, Xinyan W, et al. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels are associated with early miscarriage in the IVF/ICSI fresh cycle. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22:279. doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04591-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Clemente N, Chrystèle R, Alice P, et al. Anti-müllerian hormone in female reproduction. Endocr Rev. 2021;42:753–782. doi:10.1210/endrev/bnab012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Didier D, Anne-Laure B, Agathe D, et al. Role of anti-müllerian hormone in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:641. doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skałba P, Cygal A, Madej P, et al. Is the plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level associated with body weight and metabolic, and hormonal disturbances in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011;158(2):254–259. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alviggi C, Conforti A, De RP, et al. The distribution of stroma and antral follicles differs between insulin-resistance and hyperandrogenism-related polycystic ovarian syndrome. Front Endocrinol. 2017;8:117. doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Er L, Jinxiao Z, Jiahui S, et al. Serum anti-müllerian hormone levels were negatively associated with body fat percentage in PCOS patients. Front Endocrinol. 2021;12:659717. doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.659717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeghi HM, Adeli I, Calina D, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review of pathogenesis, management, and drug repurposing. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(2):583. doi:10.3390/ijms23020583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barber TM, Franks S. Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol. 2021;95(4):531–541. doi:10.1111/cen.14421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monica G, Ritu Y, Reeta M, et al. Correlation of body mass index (BMI), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), and insulin resistance among different polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes - a cross-sectional study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019;35:970–973. doi:10.1080/09513590.2019.1613640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sezai S, Begum AM, Nigar S, et al. Serum AMH levels and insulin resistance in women with PCOS. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2018;224:159–164. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiying Z, Yinxiang H, Mulin Z, et al. Anti-Müllerian hormone was independently associated with central obesity but not with general obesity in women with PCOS. Endocr Connect. 2022;11. doi:10.1530/EC-21-0243
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miaoxian O, Pei X, Han L, et al. AMH is a good predictor of metabolic risk in women with PCOS: a cross-sectional study. Int J Endocrinol. 2021;2021:9511772. doi:10.1155/2021/9511772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaqi W, Li W, Zhengyu Y, et al. Association of body mass index with serum anti-Müllerian hormone and inhibin B levels among 8323 women attending a reproductive medical center: a cross-sectional study. Endocrine. 2022;75:284–292. doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02839-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412–419. doi:10.1007/BF00280883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao-yan X, Wwn-ying Y, Zhao-jun Y. The diagnostic significance of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in Metabolic Syndrome among subjects with different glucose tolerance. Chin J Diabetes. 2004;12(3):182–186.
   Google Scholar
• Haixia S, Zhenqing Y, Ping L, et al. HOMA-IR for predicting clinical pregnancy rate during IVF. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2021;2021:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Paolo M, Flavia T, Cecilia B, et al. Divergences in insulin resistance between the different phenotypes of the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:E628–37. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellver J, Rodríguez-Tabernero L, Robles A, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome throughout a woman’s life. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2018;35(1):25–39. doi:10.1007/s10815-017-1047-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao J, Feng HL. Extra-and intra-ovarian factors in polycystic ovary syndrome: impact on oocyte maturation and embryo developmental competence. Hum Reprod Update. 2011;17(1):17–33. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui Y, Shi Y, Cui L, et al. Age-specific serum antimullerian hormone levels in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2014;102:230–236 e232. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.03.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li R, Zhang Q, Yang D, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women in China: a large community-based study. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(9):2562–2569. doi:10.1093/humrep/det262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu S, Hong L, Mo M, et al. Association of antimüllerian hormone with polycystic ovarian syndrome phenotypes and pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization cycles with fresh embryo transfer. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):171. doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04518-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossana DP, Simone G, Sara G, et al. Are we choosing the correct FSH starting dose during controlled ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination cycles? Potential application of a nomogram based on woman’s age and markers of ovarian reserve. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018;298:1029–1035. doi:10.1007/s00404-018-4906-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanja BP, Eda VB, Uršula PZ, et al. PGR and PTX3 gene expression in cumulus cells from obese and normal weighting women after administration of long-acting recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone for controlled ovarian stimulation. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2019;299:863–871. doi:10.1007/s00404-018-5031-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tehrani FR, Firouzi F, Behboudi-Gandevani S. Investigating the clinical utility of the anti-mullerian hormone testing for the prediction of age at menopause and assessment of functional ovarian reserve: a practical approach and recent updates. Aging Dis. 2022;13(2):458–467. doi:10.14336/AD.2021.0825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva MSB, Giacobini P. New insights into anti-Müllerian hormone role in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and neuroendocrine development. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021;78(1):1–16. doi:10.1007/s00018-020-03576-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franks S, Hardy K. Androgen Action in the Ovary. Front Endocrinol. 2018;9:452. doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the hypothesis of PCOS as functional ovarian Hyperandrogenism revisited. Endocr Rev. 2016;37(5):467–520. doi:10.1210/er.2015-1104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simone LA, Paola R, Massimo B, et al. Metabolism and ovarian function in PCOS women: a therapeutic approach with inositols. Int J Endocrinol. 2016;2016:6306410. doi:10.1155/2016/6306410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cristiana P, Simone LA, Paolo M, et al. Inositol’s and other nutraceuticals’ synergistic actions counteract insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome and metabolic syndrome: state-of-The-art and future perspectives. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016;32:431–438. doi:10.3109/09513590.2016.1144741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bongrani A, Plotton I, Mellouk N, et al. High androgen concentrations in follicular fluid of polycystic ovary syndrome women. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2022;20:88. doi:10.1186/s12958-022-00959-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Qiao J. Association of insulin resistance and elevated androgen levels with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a review of literature. J Healthc Eng. 2022;2022:9240569. doi:10.1155/2022/9240569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications. Endocr Rev. 2012;33(6):981–1030. doi:10.1210/er.2011-1034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmina E, Orio F, Palomba S, et al. Ovarian size and blood flow in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their correlations with endocrine parameters. Fertil Steril. 2005;84:413–419. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.12.061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonseca HP, Brondi RS, Piovesan FX, et al. Anti-Mullerian hormone and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2014;30:667–670. doi:10.3109/09513590.2014.920004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokmak A, Kokanali D, Timur H, et al. Association between anti-Mullerian hormone and insulin resistance in non-obese adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016;32:926–930. doi:10.1080/09513590.2016.1193140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldfield AL, Kazemi M, Lujan ME. Impact of obesity on anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) Levels in women of reproductive age. J Clin Med. 2021;10(14):3192. doi:10.3390/jcm10143192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng MX, Li Y, Hu R, et al. Anti-Müllerian hormone gene polymorphism is associated with androgen levels in Chinese polycystic ovary syndrome patients with insulin resistance. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2016;33(2):199–205. doi:10.1007/s10815-015-0641-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroozanfard F, Samimi M, Almadani AH, et al. Effect of metformin on the anti-Müllerian hormone level in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Electron Physician. 2017;9(19):5969–5973. doi:10.19082/5969
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiweko B, Indra I, Susanto C, et al. The correlation between serum AMH and HOMA-IR among PCOS phenotypes. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):114. doi:10.1186/s13104-018-3207-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piouka A, Farmakiotis D, Katsikis I, et al. Anti-Mullerian hormone levels reflect severity of PCOS but are negatively influenced by obesity: relationship with increased luteinizing hormone levels. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabol. 2009;296:E238–43. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90684.2008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catteau-Jonard S, Bancquart J, Poncelet E, et al. Polycystic ovaries at ultrasound: normal variant or silent polycystic ovary syndrome? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012;40:223–229. doi:10.1002/uog.11202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahmay S, Atakul N, Oncul M, et al. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels in the main phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;170:157–161. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.05.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X-J, Wang H, Lu D-Y, et al. Anti-müllerian hormone accelerates pathological process of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Horm Metab Res. 2021;53:504–511. doi:10.1055/a-1499-7718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JY, Tfayli H, Michaliszyn SF, et al. Anti-Müllerian hormone in obese adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Adolesc Health. 2017;60(3):333–339. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jungheim ES, Travieso JL, Carson KR, et al. Obesity and reproductive function. Clin North Am. 2012;39(4):479–493.
   Google Scholar
• Hirschberg AL. Polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity and reproductive implications. Women’sHealth. 2009;5(5):529–542.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buyukkaba M, Turgut S, Ilhan Mahmut M, et al. Anti-mullerian hormone levels increase after bariatric surgery in obese female patients with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Horm Metab Res. 2022;54:194–198. doi:10.1055/a-1756-4798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merhi Z, Buyuk E, Berger DS, et al. Leptin suppresses anti-Mullerian hormone gene expression through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in luteinized granulosa cells of women undergoing IVF. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(6):1661–1669. doi:10.1093/humrep/det072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moslehi N, Shab-Bidar S, Tehrani FR, et al. Is ovarian reserve associated with body mass index and obesity in reproductive aged women? A Meta-Analysis Menopause. 2018;25(9):1046–1055. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001116
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yue CY, Lu LKY, Li M, et al. Threshold value of anti-Mullerian hormone for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese women. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0203129. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sathyapalan T, Al-Qaissi A, Kilpatrick ES, et al. Salivary and serum androgens with anti-Müllerian hormone measurement for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):3795. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22176-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar