Maternal Transport, What Do We Know: A Narrative Review

References

• Perry SE. Fifty Years of Progress in Neonatal and Maternal Transport for Specialty Care. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2021;50(6):774–788. doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2021.04.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paneth N, Kiely JL, Wallenstein S, Marcus M, Pakter J, Susser M. Newborn intensive care and neonatal mortality in low-birth-weight infants: a population study. N Engl J Med. 1982;307(3):149–155. doi:10.1056/nejm198207153070303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gortmaker S, Sobol A, Clark C, Walker DK, Geronimus A. The survival of very low-birth weight infants by level of hospital of birth: a population study of perinatal systems in four states. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985;152(5):517–524. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(85)90618-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSisto CL, Oza-Frank R, Goodman D, Conrey E, Shellhaas C. Maternal transport: an opportunity to improve the system of risk-appropriate care. J Perinatol. 2021;41(9):2141–2146. doi:10.1038/s41372-021-00935-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACOG Obstetric Care Consensus No. 9: levels of Maternal Care: correction. Obstet Gynecol. 2023;141(4):864. doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000005128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott J. Obstetric Transport. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2016;43(4):821–840. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2016.07.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horak TS, Sanborn AN. The Need for Reliable Robust Maternal Transport Program to Improve Maternal Outcomes in Rural America. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2022;65(4):839–847. doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kogutt BK, Morris B, Applebaum J, et al. 893: levels of maternal care and indications for transport. Am J Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222(1):S556–S7. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.905
   Google Scholar
• De Silva DA, Proctor L, von Dadelszen P, McCoach M, Lee T, Magee LA. Determinants of magnesium sulphate use in women hospitalized at <29 weeks with severe or non-severe pre-eclampsia. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0189966. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto H, Sagae S, Nishikawa S, Kudo R. Emergency postpartum hysterectomy in obstetric practice. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2000;26(5):341–345. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2000.tb01336.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okour AM, Khader Y, Amarin Z, Jaddou H, Gharaibeh M. Maternal mortality in Jordan: role of substandard care and delays. East Mediterr Health J. 2012;18(5):426–431. doi:10.26719/2012.18.5.426
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoyert DL. Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2020. NCHS Health E-Stats. 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Munira Z, Gunja EDG, Reginald D. To the Point: the Commonwealth Fund. Int J Med. 2022. doi:10.26099/8vem-fc65
   Google Scholar
• Singh S, Doyle P, Campbell OM, Rao GV, Murthy GV. Transport of pregnant women and obstetric emergencies in India: an analysis of the ‘108’ ambulance service system data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16(1):318. doi:10.1186/s12884-016-1113-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bellini C, Risso FM, Calevo MG, Ramenghi LA. Neonatal emergency transport has played a key role in the regionalisation of perinatal care in the Liguria Region of Italy. Acta Paediatr. 2016;105(6):717–718. doi:10.1111/apa.13266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen WH, Su CH, Lin LC, et al. Neonatal mortality among outborn versus inborn babies. Pediatr Neonatol. 2021;62(4):412–418. doi:10.1016/j.pedneo.2021.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chien LY, Whyte R, Aziz K, Thiessen P, Matthew D, Lee SK. Improved outcome of preterm infants when delivered in tertiary care centers. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98(2):247–252. doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01438-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris BA, Wirtschafter DD, Huddleston JF, Perlis HW. In utero versus neonatal transportation of high-risk perinates: a comparison. Obstet Gynecol. 1981;57(4):496–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris TR, Isaman J, Giles HR. Improved neonatal survival through maternal transport. Obstet Gynecol. 1978;52(3):294–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollée LA, Verloove-Vanhorick PP, Verwey RA, Brand R, Ruys JH. Maternal and neonatal transport: results of a national collaborative survey of preterm and very low birth weight infants in The Netherlands. Obstet Gynecol. 1988;72(5):729–732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy DL, Noelke K, Goldsmith JP. Maternal and infant transport program in Louisiana. Obstet Gynecol. 1981;57(4):500–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menard MK, Liu Q, Holgren EA, Sappenfield WM. Neonatal mortality for very low birth weight deliveries in South Carolina by level of hospital perinatal service. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179(2):374–381. doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70367-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modanlou HD, Dorchester W, Freeman RK, Rommal C. Perinatal transport to a regional perinatal center in a metropolitan area: maternal versus neonatal transport. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1980;138(8):1157–1164. doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32784-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki Y, Ishikawa K, Yokoi A, et al. Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants in Japan According to Outborn/Inborn Birth Status. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019;20(10):963–969. doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000002037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altimier L. Clinical Excellence for High-Risk Neonates:Improved Perinatal Regionalization through Coordinated maternal and Neonatal Transport. Neonatal Intensive Care. 2002;16:33–38.
   Google Scholar
• Sachs B, Marks J, McCarthy B, Burton A, Rochat R, Terry J. Neonatal transport in Georgia: implications for maternal transport in high-risk pregnancies. Southern med j. 1983;76(11):1397–1400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada T, Cho K, Morikawa M, et al. Number of women requiring care at a tertiary hospital equipped with a neonatal intensive care unit at night in an area with a population of 2 million. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2013;39(12):1592–1595. doi:10.1111/jog.12113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollée LA, Brand R, Schreuder AM, Ens-Dokkum MH, Veen S, Verloove-Vanhorick SP. Five-year outcome of preterm and very low birth weight infants: a comparison between maternal and neonatal transport. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;80(4):635–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robles D, Blumenfeld YJ, Lee HC, et al. Opportunities for maternal transport for delivery of very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol. 2017;37(1):32–35. doi:10.1038/jp.2016.174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oguntunde O, Yusuf FM, Nyenwa J, Dauda DS, Salihu A, Sinai I. Emergency transport for obstetric emergencies: integrating community-level demand creation activities for improved access to maternal, newborn, and child health services in northern Nigeria. Int J Women's Health. 2018;10:773–782. doi:10.2147/ijwh.S180415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mucunguzi S, Wamani H, Lochoro P, Tylleskar T. Effects of improved access to transportation on emergency obstetric care outcomes in Uganda. Afr J Reprod Health. 2014;18(3):87–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer AF, Munoz JL, Neuhoff BK, Boyd AR, Moreno A, Ramsey PS. Fetal Cardiotocographic Monitoring During Maternal Transport. Am J Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226(1, Supplement):S609. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.1002
   Google Scholar
• Poulton TJ, Gutierrez PJ. Fetal monitoring during air medical transport. J Air Med Transp. 1992;11(11–12):5–7. doi:10.1016/s1046-9095(05)80165-5
   Google Scholar
• Kulshrestha A, Singh J. Inter-hospital and intra-hospital patient transfer: recent concepts. Indian J Anaesth. 2016;60(7):451–457. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.186012
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sumikawa S, Kotani K, Kojo T, Matsubara S, Haruyama S. A Nationwide Survey of Obstetric Care Status on Japan’s Islands, with Special Reference to Maternal Transport to the Mainland. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2020;250(1):25–29. doi:10.1620/tjem.250.25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilalta A, Troeger KA. Disparities in Emergency Transport of Women with a Preterm Labor Diagnosis in Urban vs Rural Areas in the US. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2020;12:327–332. doi:10.2147/ceor.S257390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troiano NH. Applying principles to practice in maternal-fetal transport. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 1989;2(3):20–30. doi:10.1097/00005237-198901000-00005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomson DP, Thomas SH. Guidelines for air medical dispatch. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2003;7(2):265–271. doi:10.1080/10903120390936923
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cherry R Air Ambulance History: medical Transport Services; 2019. Available from: https://www.medicaltransportservices.com/air-ambulance-history/. Accessed May 15, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• McLelland GE, Morgans AE, McKenna LG. Involvement of emergency medical services at unplanned births before arrival to hospital: a structured review. Emerg Med J. 2014;31(4):345–350. doi:10.1136/emermed-2012-202309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanagan B, Lord B, Barnes M. Is unplanned out-of-hospital birth managed by paramedics ‘infrequent’, ‘normal’ and ‘uncomplicated’? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):436. doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1617-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLelland G, Morgans A, McKenna L. Victorian paramedics’ encounters and management of women in labour: an epidemiological study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:13. doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0430-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low RB, Martin D, Brown C. Emergency air transport of pregnant patients: the national experience. J Emerg Med. 1988;6(1):41–48. doi:10.1016/0736-4679(88)90250-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elliott JP, Sipp TL, Balazs KT. Maternal transport of patients with advanced cervical dilatation--to fly or not to fly? Obstet Gynecol. 1992;79(3):380–382. doi:10.1097/00006250-199203000-00010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akl N, Coghlan EA, Nathan EA, Langford SA, Newnham JP. Aeromedical transfer of women at risk of preterm delivery in remote and rural Western Australia: why are there no births in flight? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;52(4):327–333. doi:10.1111/j.1479-828X.2012.01426.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohara M, Shimizu Y, Satoh H, et al. Safety and usefulness of emergency maternal transport using helicopter. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2008;34(2):189–194. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00756.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulkkinen I, Pirnes J. In-flight breech delivery in Finnish Lapland. Air Med J. 2014;33(6):302–303. doi:10.1016/j.amj.2014.04.005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jony L, Baskett TF. Emergency air transport of obstetric patients. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2007;29(5):406–408. doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16)35491-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Brien DJ, Hooker EA, Hignite J, Maughan E. Long-distance fixed-wing transport of obstetrical patients. South Med J. 2004;97(9):816–818. doi:10.1097/01.SMJ.0000129932.00817.08
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svedberg E, Strömbäck U, Engström A. Women’s experiences of unplanned pre-hospital births: a pilot study. Int Emerg Nurs. 2020;51:100868. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson AC, Engström A, Burström O, Juuso P. Specialist ambulance nurses’ experiences of births before arrival. Int Emerg Nurs. 2019;43:45–49. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2018.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vladutiu CJ, Minnaert JJ, Sosa S, Menard MK. Levels of Maternal Care in the United States: an Assessment of Publicly Available State Guidelines. J Women's Health. 2020;29(3):353–361. doi:10.1089/jwh.2019.7743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baird SM, Martin S. Framework for Critical Care in Obstetrics. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2018;32(3):232–240. doi:10.1097/jpn.0000000000000348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson KS, McLean D. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: a maternal transport briefing form and checklist. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;223(5):B12–b5. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSisto CL, Okoroh EM, Kroelinger CD, Barfield WD. Summary of neonatal and maternal transport and reimbursement policies-a 5-year update. J Perinatol. 2022;42(10):1306–1311. doi:10.1038/s41372-022-01389-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar