Knowledge, practice, and barriers toward cervical cancer screening in Elmina, Southern Ghana

References

• World Health OrganizationWHO Country Cooperation Strategy 2008–2011: GhanaBrazzaville, Republic of CongoWHO Regional Office for Africa2012 Available from: http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccs_gha_en.pdfAccessed October 21, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Health ServiceNon-communicable Disease Control Programme: Strategies for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Ghana: Planning Meeting and Training of Health Staff for HPV Demo Vaccination in GhanaCape Coast, GhanaGhana Health Service2013
   Google Scholar
• World Health OrganizationWHO Guidance Note: Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control. A Healthier Future for Girls and WomenGeneva, SwitzerlandWorld Health Organization2013 Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/78128/3/9789241505147_eng.pdfAccessed October 21, 2014
   Google Scholar
• AdanuRMCervical cancer knowledge and screening in Accra, GhanaJ Womens Health Gend Based Med200211648748812225621
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GaffikinLLauterbachMEmersonMLewisRSafety, Acceptability, and Feasibility of a Single Visit Approach to Cervical Cancer Prevention: Results from a Demonstration Project in GhanaBaltimore, MAJHPIEGO2004
   Google Scholar
• DudaRBChenGLHillAGScreening for cervical cancer still not included as routine health care for womenJ Trop Med20051116
   Google Scholar
• Conley M [webpage on the Internet]New Guidelines Discourage Yearly Pap Tests2012 [cited March 19, 2013]. Available from: http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2012/03/15/new-guidelines-discourage-yearly-pap-tests/Accessed October 21, 2014
   Google Scholar
• WrightTCJrKuhnLAlternative approaches to cervical cancer screening for developing countriesBest Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecal2012262197208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DennyLKuhnLDe SouzaMPollackAEDupreeWWrightTCJrScreen-and-treat approaches for cervical cancer prevention in low-resource settings: a randomized controlled trialJAMA2005294172173218116264158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Health GroupIntegrating Cervical Cancer Screening Into HIV Services in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policy briefSan Francisco, CAGlobal Health Group2012 Available from: http://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/content/ghg/e2pi-integrating-cervical-cancer.pdfAccessed October 21, 2014
   Google Scholar
• AbotchiePNShokarNKCervical cancer screening among college students in Ghana: knowledge and health beliefsInt J Gynaecol Cancer2009193412416
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AdanuRMSeffahJDDudaRDarkoRHillAAnarfiJClinic visits and cervical cancer screening in AccraGhana Med J2010442596321327005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• QuentinWAdu-SarkodieYTerris-PrestholtFLegoodROpokuBKMayaudPCost of cervical cancer screening and treatment using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy in Ghana: the importance of scaleTrop Med Int Health201116337938921214692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghana Districts [webpage on the Internet]About Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abirem Municipal2006 [cited August 15, 2013]. Available from: http://keea.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=atd&_=57&sa=2764Accessed October 21, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical Service2010 Population and Housing Census: Summary Report of Final ResultsAccra, GhanaGhana Statistical Service2012 Available from: http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdfAccessed October 21, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical ServiceGhana: 2008 Demographic and Health Survey: Key FindingsAccra, GhanaGhana Statistical Service2009 Available from: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/SR172/SR172.pdfAccessed October 21, 2014
   Google Scholar
• NACP/GHS/MOH2010 HIV Sentinel Survey ReportAccra, Ghana2011
   Google Scholar
• HolmesRSHawesSETouréPHIV Infection as a risk factor for cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in SenegalCancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev20091892442244619690181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IsraelGDDetermining Sample SizeGainesville, FLInstitute of Food and Agricultural Sciences at University of Florida2013 Available from: http://www.edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/PD/PD00600.pdf
   Google Scholar
• BurnsNGroveSKThe Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal Synthesis and Generation of Evidence6th edPhiladelphia, PASaunders Elsevier2009
   Google Scholar
• MupepiSCSampselleCMJohnsonTRKnowledge, attitudes, and demographic factors influencing cervical cancer screening behavior of Zimbabwean womenJ Womens Health (Larchmt)201120694395221671779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RobsonCReal Word Research3rd edHoboken, NJJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc2011
   Google Scholar
• Central Intelligence AgencyThe World FactbookCountry Statistics Ghana2013 Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gh.htmlAccessed October 22, 2014
   Google Scholar
• NwankwoKCAniebueUUAguwaENAnaradoANAgunwahEKnowledge attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening among urban and rural Nigerian women: a call for education and mass screeningEur J Cancer Care (Engl)201120336236720345451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EzeNJUmeoraOUAbunaJAEgwuatuVEEjikemeBNCervical cancer awareness and cervical screening uptake at the mater Misericodiae Hospital, Afikpo, Southeast NigeriaAnn Afr Med201211423824323103924
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BalogunMROdukoyaOOOyediranMAUjomuPICervical cancer awareness and preventive practices: a challenge for female urban slum dwellers in Lagos, NigeriaAfr J Reprod Health2012161758222783671
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NdikomCMOfiBAAwareness, perception and factors affecting utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women in Ibadan, Nigeria: a qualitative studyReprod Health201291122866676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GetahunFMazengiaFAbuhayMBirhanuZComprehensive knowledge about cervical cancer is low among women in Northwest EthiopiaBMC cancer201313223282173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HyacinthHIAdekeyeOAIbehJNOsobaTCervical cancer and pap smear awareness and utilization of pap smear test among Federal civil servants in North Central NigeriaPLoS One2012710e4658323049708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeiningRMScreening for Cervical Cancer: An Exploratory Study of Urban Women in Tamil Nadu, India [PhD thesis]Iowa City, IAUniversity of Iowa2012
   Google Scholar
• AswathySQuereshiMAKurianBLeelamoniKCervical cancer screening: current knowledge and practice among women in a rural population of Kerala, IndiaIndian J Med Res2012136220521022960886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NadarzynskiTWallerJRobbKAMarlowLAPerceived risk of cervical cancer among pre-screening age women (18–24 years): the impact of information about cervical cancer risk factors and the causal role of HPVSex Transm Infect201288640040622517886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WereENyaberiZBuzibaNPerceptions of risk and barriers to cervical cancer screening at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret, KenyaAfr Health Sci2011111586421572858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArchampongEAMarital rape: A woman’s equality issue in GhanaEquality Effect2010 Available from: http://theequalityeffect.org/pdfs/maritalrapeequalityghana.pdfAccessed December 3, 2013
   Google Scholar
• LyimoFSBeranTNDemographic, knowledge, attitudinal, and accessibility factors associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in a rural district of Tanzania: three public policy implicationsBMC Public Health2012122222233530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchlutermanNHSowSOTraoreLBDifferences in patterns of high-risk human papillomavirus infection between urban and rural low-resources settings: cross-sectional findings from MaliBMC Womens Health201313423388094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFaddenSESchumannLThe role of human papillomavirus in screening for cervical cancerJ Am Acad Nurse Pract2001133116125 quiz 127–12811930583
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PaolinoMArrossiSWomen’s knowledge about cervical cancer, Pap smear and human papillomavirus and its relation to screening in ArgentinaWomen Health2011511728721391162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EngholmGFerlayJChristensenNNORDCAN – a Nordic tool for cancer information, planning, quality control and researchActa Oncol201049572573620491528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JemalACenterMMDeSantisCWardEMGlobal patterns of cancer incidence and mortality rates and trendsCancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev20101981893190720647400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EzemBUAwareness and uptake of cervical cancer screening in Owerri, South-Eastern NigeriaAnn Afr Med200763949818240495
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ChirenjeZMRusakanikoSKirumbiLSituation analysis for cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment in east, central and southern African countriesBull World Health Organ200179212713211242819
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ObiSNOzumbaBCNwokochaARWabosoPAParticipation in highly subsidized cervical cancer screening by women in Enugu, South-east NigeriaJ Obstet Gynaecol200727330530717464818
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KwokCWhiteKRoydhouseJKChinese-Australian women’s knowledge, facilitators and barriers related to cervical cancer screening: a qualitative studyJ Immigr Minor Health20111361076108321667256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KivistikALangKBailiPAnttilaAVeerusPWomen’s knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors, screening, and reasons for non-participation in cervical cancer screening programme in EstoniaBMC Womens Health2011114321951661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DonnellyTTAl KhaterAHAl-BaderSBBeliefs and attitudes about breast cancer and screening practices among Arab women living in Qatar: a cross-sectional studyBMC Womens Health2013134924330708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ObeidatBRAmarinZOAlzagnalLAwareness, practice and attitude to cervical Papanicolaou smear among female health care workers in JordanEur J Cancer Care (Engl)201221337237622050559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WilliamsMSAmoatengPKnowledge and beliefs about cervical cancer screening among men in Kumasi, GhanaGhana Med J201246314715123661828
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WallerJBartoszekMMarlowLWardleJBarriers to cervical cancer screening attendance in England: a population-based surveyJ Med Screen200916419920420054095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AckersonKGretebeckKFactors influencing cancer screening practices of underserved womenJ Am Acad Nurse Pract2007191159160117970859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MutyabaTMmiroFAWeiderpassEKnowledge, attitudes and practices on cervical cancer screening among the medical workers of Mulago Hospital, UgandaBMC Med Educ200661316509979
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SudengaSLRositchAFOtienoWASmithJSKnowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived risk of cervical cancer among Kenyan women: brief reportInt J Gynecol Cancer201323589589923694983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar