Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacy Professionals Against Dispensing Antibiotics Without Prescription in Ethiopia

References

• Bronzwaer SLAM, Cars O, Udo Buchholz SM., et al. The relationship between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8(3):278–282. doi:10.3201/eid0803.010192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Action WHO. Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. Microbe Mag. 2015;10(9):354–355.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan DJ, Okeke IN, Laxminarayan R, Perencevich EN, Weisenberg S. Non-prescription antimicrobial use worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;23(1):1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Nusair MB, Al-azzam S, Alhamad H, Momani MY. The prevalence and patterns of self-medication with antibiotics in Jordan: a community-based study. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(1):1–25. doi:10.1111/ijcp.13665
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahta M, Tesfamariam S, Weldemariam DG, et al. Dispensing of antibiotics without prescription and associated factors in drug retail outlets of Eritrea: a simulated client method. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):1–10. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servia-Dopazo M, Figueiras A. Determinants of antibiotic dispensing without prescription: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018;73(12):3244–3253. doi:10.1093/jac/dky319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhie OA. Antibiotic Use and Resistance Pattern in Ethiopia: systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Microbiol. 2019;1(1):1–8. doi:10.1155/2019/2489063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan SY, Khan RA, Khalid KE, Chong CW, Bakhtiar A. Correlation between antibiotic consumption and the occurrence of multidrug-resistant organisms in a Malaysian tertiary hospital: a 3-year observational study. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):1–9. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07142-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang P, Chen Y, Jiang S, Shen P, Lu X, Xiao Y. Association between the rate of fluoroquinolones-resistant gram-negative bacteria and antibiotic consumption from China based on 145 tertiary hospitals data in 2014. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):1–7. doi:10.1186/s12879-020-04981-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laxminarayan R, Sridhar D, Blaser M, Wang M, Woolhouse M. Achieving Global Targets for Antimicrobial Resistance. Science. 2016;9286(August):1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Saleem Z, Hassali MA, Godman B, et al. Sale of WHO AWaRe groups antibiotics without a prescription in Pakistan: a simulated client study. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2020;13(1):1–8. doi:10.1186/s40545-020-00233-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Auta A, Hadi MA, Oga E, et al. Global access to antibiotics without prescription in community pharmacies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2019;78(1):8–18. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2018.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebretekle GB, Serbessa MK. Exploration of over the counter sales of antibiotics in community pharmacies of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: pharmacy professionals’ perspective. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2016;5(1):1–7. doi:10.1186/s13756-016-0101-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmahi OKO, Musa RAE, Shareef AAH, et al. Perception and practice of self-medication with antibiotics among medical students in Sudanese universities: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2022;17(1):5–8. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhomoud F, Almahasnah R, Alhomoud FK. “You could lose when you misuse” - Factors affecting over-the-counter sale of antibiotics in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3753-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury M, Stewart Williams J, Wertheim H, Khan WA, Matin A, Kinsman J. Rural community perceptions of antibiotic access and understanding of antimicrobial resistance: qualitative evidence from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System site in Matlab, Bangladesh. Glob Health Action. 2019;12(S1):1–10. doi:10.1080/16549716.2020.1824383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vazquez-Lago J, Gonzalez-Gonzalez C, Zapata-Cachafeiro M, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and habits towards antibiotics dispensed without medical prescription: a qualitative study of Spanish pharmacists. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):1–7. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015674
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahnassi A. A qualitative analysis of pharmacists’ attitudes and practices regarding the sale of antibiotics without prescription in Syria. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2015;10(2):227–233. doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2014.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisht R, Katiyar A, Singh R, Mittal P. Antibiotic resistance - A global issue of concern. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2009;2(2):34–39.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad T, Khan FU, Ali S, Rahman AU, Khan SA. Assessment of without prescription antibiotic dispensing at community pharmacies in Hazara Division, Pakistan: a simulated client’s study. PLoS One. 2022;17(2):1–13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263756
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goossens H, Ferech M. Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database stud. Dict Pharm Med. 2009;1:145.
   Google Scholar
• Chang J, Ye D, Lv B, et al. Sale of antibiotics without a prescription at community pharmacies in urban China: a multicentre cross-sectional survey. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(4):1235–1242. doi:10.1093/jac/dkw519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoxha I, Malaj A, Tako R, Malaj L. Survey on how antibiotics are dispensed in community pharmacies in Albania. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;7(7):449–450.
   Google Scholar
• Ndaki PM, Mushi MF, Mwanga JR, et al. Dispensing antibiotics without prescription at community pharmacies and accredited drug dispensing outlets in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. Antibiotics. 2021;10(8):1–15. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10081025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assefa Y, Hill PS, Gilks CF, Admassu M, Tesfaye D, Van Damme W. Primary health care contributions to universal health coverage, Ethiopia. Bull World Health Organ. 2020;98(12):894–905A. doi:10.2471/BLT.19.248328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olyaeemanesh A, Woldemichael A, Takian A, Sari AA. Availability and inequality in accessibility of health centre-based primary healthcare in Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogan DR, Stevens GA, Hosseinpoor AR, Boerma T. Monitoring universal health coverage within the Sustainable Development Goals: development and baseline data for an index of essential health services. Lancet Glob Heal. 2018;6(2):e152–68. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30472-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadi MA, Karami NA, Al-Muwalid AS, et al. Community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and practices towards dispensing antibiotics without prescription (DAwP): a cross-sectional survey in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis. 2016;47(1):95–100. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.06.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roque F, Soares S, Breitenfeld L, López-Durán A, Figueiras A, Herdeiro MT. Attitudes of community pharmacists to antibiotic dispensing and microbial resistance: a qualitative study in Portugal. Int J Clin Pharm. 2013;35(3):417–424. doi:10.1007/s11096-013-9753-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zapata-Cachafeiro M, González-González C, Váquez-Lago JM, et al. Determinants of antibiotic dispensing without a medical prescription: a cross-sectional study in the north of Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69(11):3156–3160. doi:10.1093/jac/dku229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddadin RN, Alsous M, Wazaify M, Tahaineh L. Evaluation of antibiotic dispensing practice in community pharmacies in Jordan: a cross sectional study. PLoS One. 2019;14(4):1–15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Mohamadi A, Badr A, Bin Mahfouz L, Samargandi D, Al Ahdal A. Dispensing medications without prescription at Saudi community pharmacy: extent and perception. Saudi Pharm J. 2013;21(1):13–18. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2011.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nepal G, Bhatta S. Self-medication with Antibiotics in WHO Southeast Asian Region: a Systematic Review. Cureus. 2018;10(4):1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belachew SA, Hall L, Selvey LA. Non-prescription dispensing of antibiotic agents among community drug retail outlets in Sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2021;10(1):1–15. doi:10.1186/s13756-020-00880-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkadhimi A, Dawood OT, Hassali MAA. Dispensing of antibiotics in community pharmacy in Iraq: a qualitative study. Pharm Pract. 2020;18(4):1–9. doi:10.18549/PharmPract.2020.4.2095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahta M, Weldemariam DG, Tesfamariam S, Tesfamariam EH, Russom M. Determinants of dispensing antibiotics without prescription in Eritrea: a mixed-method qualitative study on pharmacy professionals’ perspective. BMJ Open. 2021;11(8):1–8. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049000
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alrukban M, Alruthia Y, Almasaoud M, et al. Community pharmacists’ views of the enforced antibiotics dispensing law and its impact on oral antibiotics sales in Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020;13(1):2899–2907. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S278404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar