Immunotargets and Therapy for Prurigo Nodularis

References

• Zeidler C, Yosipovitch G, Ständer S. Prurigo nodularis and its management. Dermatol Clin. 2018;36(3):189–197. doi:10.1016/j.det.2018.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams KA, Roh YS, Brown I, et al. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and pharmacological treatment of prurigo nodularis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2021;14(1):67–77. doi:10.1080/17512433.2021.1852080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullins TB, Sharma P, Riley CA, Sonthalia S. Prurigo Nodularis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Leis M, Fleming P, Lynde CW. Prurigo Nodularis: review and emerging treatments. Skin Therapy Lett. 2021;26(3):5–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mollanazar NK, Sethi M, Rodriguez RV, et al. Retrospective analysis of data from an itch center: integrating validated tools in the electronic health record. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(4):842–844. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.05.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iking A, Grundmann S, Chatzigeorgakidis E, Phan NQ, Klein D, Ständer S. Prurigo as a symptom of atopic and non-atopic diseases: aetiological survey in a consecutive cohort of 108 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(5):550–557. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04481.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janmohamed SR, Gwillim EC, Yousaf M, Patel KR, Silverberg JI. The impact of prurigo nodularis on quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2021;313(8):669–677. doi:10.1007/s00403-020-02148-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverberg JI, Hinami K, Trick WE, Cella D. Itch in the general internal medicine setting: a Cross-Sectional Study of prevalence and quality-of-life effects. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2016;17(6):681–690. doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0215-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whang KA, Le TK, Khanna R, et al. Health-related quality of life and economic burden of prurigo nodularis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;85(3):AB38. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.176
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whang KA, Mahadevan V, Bakhshi PR, et al. Prevalence of prurigo nodularis in the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(9):3240–3241. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.05.051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang AH, Canner JK, Khanna R, Kang S, Kwatra SG. Real-world prevalence of prurigo nodularis and burden of associated diseases. J Invest Dermatol. 2020;140(2):480–483.e484. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ständer S, Augustin M, Berger T, et al. Prevalence of prurigo nodularis in the United States of America: a retrospective database analysis. JAAD Int. 2021;2:28–30. doi:10.1016/j.jdin.2020.10.009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wongvibulsin S, Sutaria N, Williams KA, et al. A nationwide study of prurigo nodularis: disease burden and healthcare utilization in the United States. J Invest Dermatol. 2021;141(10):2530–2533.e2531. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang AH, Williams KA, Kwatra SG. Prurigo nodularis: epidemiology and clinical features. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(6):1559–1565. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller S, Bieber T, Ständer S. Therapeutic potential of biologics in prurigo nodularis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2021;22(1):1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeidler C, Ständer S. The pathogenesis of Prurigo nodularis–’Super-Itch’ in exploration. Eur J Pain. 2016;20(1):37–40. doi:10.1002/ejp.767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto T, Nattkemper LA, Kim HS, et al. Itch intensity in prurigo nodularis is closely related to dermal interleukin-31, oncostatin M, IL-31 receptor alpha and oncostatin M receptor beta. Exp Dermatol. 2021;30(6):804–810. doi:10.1111/exd.14279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furue M, Furue M. Interleukin-31 and pruritic skin. J Clin Med. 2021;10(9):1906. doi:10.3390/jcm10091906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto T, Nattkemper LA, Kim HS, et al. Dermal periostin: a new player in itch of Prurigo Nodularis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2021;101(1):adv00375. doi:10.2340/00015555-3702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocco ML, Soligo M, Manni L, Aloe L. Nerve growth factor: early studies and recent clinical trials. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2018;16(10):1455–1465. doi:10.2174/1570159X16666180412092859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topal FA, Zuberbier T, Makris MP, Hofmann M. The role of IL-17, IL-23 and IL-31, IL-33 in allergic skin diseases. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;20(4):367–373. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu T, Li S, Ying S, et al. The IL-23/IL-17 pathway in inflammatory skin diseases: from bench to bedside. Front Immunol. 2020;11:594735. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.594735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czarnecka-Operacz M, Polańska A, Klimańska M, et al. Itching sensation in psoriatic patients and its relation to body mass index and IL-17 and IL-31 concentrations. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2015;32(6):426–430. doi:10.5114/pdia.2015.56097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong LS, Yen YT, Lin SH, Lee CH. IL-17A induces endothelin-1 expression through p38 pathway in Prurigo Nodularis. J Invest Dermatol. 2020;140(3):702–706.e702. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmariah S, Kim B, Berger T, et al. Practical approaches for diagnosis and management of prurigo nodularis: United States expert panel consensus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84(3):747–760. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams KA, Huang AH, Belzberg M, Kwatra SG. Prurigo nodularis: pathogenesis and management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(6):1567–1575. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ständer S, Kwon P, Hirman J, et al. Serlopitant reduced pruritus in patients with prurigo nodularis in a Phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(5):1395–1402. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.01.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson S, Heul AV, Kim BS. New and emerging treatments for inflammatory itch. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021;126(1):13–20. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2020.05.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira MP, Ständer S. Itch management: treatments under development. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2016;50:71–76.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakashima C, Tanizaki H, Otsuka A, Miyachi Y, Kabashima K. Intractable prurigo nodularis successfully treated with combination therapy with a newly developed excimer laser and topical steroids. Dermatol Online J. 2014;20(6). doi:10.5070/D3206022873
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cato AC, Wade E. Molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids. Bioessays. 1996;18(5):371–378. doi:10.1002/bies.950180507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ. Molecular mechanisms and cellular effects of glucocorticosteroids. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2005;25(3):451–468. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2005.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schäcke H, Döcke WD, Asadullah K. Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids. Pharmacol Ther. 2002;96(1):23–43. doi:10.1016/S0163-7258(02)00297-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klejtman T, Beylot-Barry M, Joly P, et al. Treatment of prurigo with methotrexate: a multicentre retrospective study of 39 cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(3):437–440. doi:10.1111/jdv.14646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi AA, Abate LE, Yosipovitch G, Friedman AJ. A systematic review of evidence-based treatments for prurigo nodularis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(3):756–764. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.09.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spring P, Gschwind I, Gilliet M. Prurigo nodularis: retrospective study of 13 cases managed with methotrexate. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2014;39(4):468–473. doi:10.1111/ced.12365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergqvist C, Fiani C, Simantov A, et al. Combined methotrexate and alitretinoin for the treatment of difficult-to-treat generalized prurigo nodularis: a case series. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35(8):e516–e519. doi:10.1111/jdv.17262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misra DP, Gasparyan AY, Zimba O. Benefits and adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine: searching for repurposable drug candidates. Rheumatol Int. 2020;40(11):1741–1751. doi:10.1007/s00296-020-04694-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quah E, Amoasii C, Mudawi T, Dawson J. Systematic literature review investigating whether methotrexate causes chronic pulmonary fibrosis. Future Healthc J. 2019;6(Suppl 2):4. doi:10.7861/futurehealth.6-2-s4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang W, Zhou H, Liu L. Side effects of methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Eur J Med Chem. 2018;158:502–516. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inose R, Hashimoto N, Hosomi K, Yokoyama S, Takada M. Association between malignancy and methotrexate and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020;58(3):131–138. doi:10.5414/CP203604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanni KMM, Berliner N, Paynter NP, et al. Adverse effects of low-dose methotrexate in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial: adjudicated hematologic and skin cancer outcomes in the cardiovascular inflammation reduction trial. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2020;2(12):697–704. doi:10.1002/acr2.11187
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cline A, Jorizzo JL. Does daily folic acid supplementation reduce methotrexate efficacy? Dermatol Online J. 2017;23:11. doi:10.5070/D32311037244
   Google Scholar
• Siepmann D, Luger TA, Ständer S. Antipruritic effect of cyclosporine microemulsion in prurigo nodularis: results of a case series. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008;6(11):941–946. doi:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2008.06745.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiznia LE, Callahan SW, Cohen DE, Orlow SJ. Rapid improvement of prurigo nodularis with cyclosporine treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(6):1209–1211. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.02.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amber T, Tabassum S. Cyclosporin in dermatology: a practical compendium. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e13934. doi:10.1111/dth.13934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maltzman JS, Koretzky GA. Azathioprine: old drug, new actions. J Clin Invest. 2003;111(8):1122–1124. doi:10.1172/JCI200318384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel AA, Swerlick RA, McCall CO. Azathioprine in dermatology: the past, the present, and the future. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55(3):369–389. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.07.059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maley A, Swerlick RA. Azathioprine treatment of intractable pruritus: a retrospective review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(3):439–443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lear JT, English JS, Smith AG. Nodular prurigo responsive to azathioprine. Br J Dermatol. 1996;134(6):1151. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07964.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black AJ, McLeod HL, Capell HA, et al. Thiopurine methyltransferase genotype predicts therapy-limiting severe toxicity from azathioprine. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129(9):716–718. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-9-199811010-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm JG, Agner T, Sand C, Thomsen SF. Dupilumab for prurigo nodularis: case series and review of the literature. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(2):e13222. doi:10.1111/dth.13222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husein-ElAhmed H, Steinhoff M. Dupilumab in prurigo nodularis: a systematic review of current evidence and analysis of predictive factors to response. J Dermatolog Treat. 2020;1–7. doi:10.1080/09546634.2020.1853024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanis R, Ferenczi K, Payette M. Dupilumab treatment for prurigo nodularis and pruritis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(9):940–942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck KM, Yang EJ, Sekhon S, Bhutani T, Liao W. Dupilumab treatment for generalized prurigo nodularis. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(1):118–120. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toffoli L, Farinazzo E, Zelin E, et al. Dupilumab as promising treatment for prurigo nodularis: current evidences. J Dermatolog Treat;2021. 1–6. doi:10.1080/09546634.2021.1886232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fachler T, Maria Faitataziadou S, Molho-Pessach V. Dupilumab for pediatric prurigo nodularis: a case report. Pediatr Dermatol. 2021;38(1):334–335. doi:10.1111/pde.14464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano C. Safety and effectiveness of dupilumab in Prurigo Nodularis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2021;31(2):162–163. doi:10.18176/jiaci.0550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giura MT, Viola R, Fierro MT, Ribero S, Ortoncelli M. Efficacy of dupilumab in prurigo nodularis in elderly patient. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(1):e13201. doi:10.1111/dth.13201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Criado PR, Pincelli TP, Criado RFJ. Dupilumab as a useful treatment option for prurigo nodularis in an elderly patient with atopic diathesis. Int J Dermatol. 2020;59(10):e358–e361. doi:10.1111/ijd.14994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calugareanu A, Jachiet M, Lepelletier C, et al. Dramatic improvement of generalized prurigo nodularis with dupilumab. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(8):e303–e304. doi:10.1111/jdv.15584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu T, Bai J, Wang S, et al. Effectiveness of dupilumab for an elderly patient with prurigo nodularis who was refractory and contradicted to traditional therapy. J Asthma Allergy. 2021;14:175–178. doi:10.2147/JAA.S300975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollanazar NK, Elgash M, Weaver L, Valdes-Rodriguez R, Hsu S. Reduced itch associated with dupilumab treatment in 4 patients with prurigo nodularis. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(1):121–122. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhai LL, Savage KT, Qiu CC, Jin A, Valdes-Rodriguez R, Mollanazar NK. Chronic pruritus responding to dupilumab-a case series. Medicines. 2019;6(3). doi:10.3390/medicines6030072
   Google Scholar
• Calugareanu A, Jachiet M, Tauber M, et al. Effectiveness and safety of dupilumab for the treatment of prurigo nodularis in a French multicenter adult cohort of 16 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(2):e74–e76. doi:10.1111/jdv.15957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrucci S, Tavecchio S, Berti E, Angileri L. Dupilumab and prurigo nodularis-like phenotype in atopic dermatitis: our experience of efficacy. J Dermatolog Treat. 2021;32(4):453–454. doi:10.1080/09546634.2019.1659479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wieser JK, Mercurio MG, Somers K. Resolution of treatment-refractory prurigo nodularis with dupilumab: a case series. Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8737. doi:10.7759/cureus.8737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rambhia PH, Levitt JO. Recalcitrant prurigo nodularis treated successfully with dupilumab. JAAD Case Rep. 2019;5(5):471–473. doi:10.1016/j.jdcr.2019.03.016
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Georgakopoulos JR, Croitoru D, Felfeli T, et al. Long-term dupilumab treatment for chronic refractory generalized prurigo nodularis: a retrospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;85(4):1049–1051. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2021.02.038
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Study of dupilumab for the treatment of patients with prurigo nodularis, inadequately controlled on topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable (PRIME2). Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04202679. Accessed April 11, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Study of dupilumab for the treatment of patients with prurigo nodularis, inadequately controlled on topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable (LIBERTY-PN PRIME). Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04183335. Accessed April 11, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Dupixent (dupilumab) is the first biologic to significantly reduce itch and skin lesions in Phase 3 trial for prurigo nodularis, demonstrating the role of type 2 inflammation in this disease [press release]. Sanofi; 2021. Available from: https://www.sanofi.com/en/media-room/press-releases/2021/2021-10-22-07-00-00-2318876.
   Google Scholar
• Simpson EL, Paller AS, Siegfried EC, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in adolescents with uncontrolled moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: a Phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156(1):44–56. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.3336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deleuran M, Thaçi D, Beck LA, et al. Dupilumab shows long-term safety and efficacy in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis enrolled in a phase 3 open-label extension study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(2):377–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck LA, Thaçi D, Deleuran M, et al. Dupilumab provides favorable safety and sustained efficacy for up to 3 years in an open-label study of adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020;21(4):567–577. doi:10.1007/s40257-020-00527-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabashima K, Irie H. Interleukin-31 as a clinical target for pruritus treatment. Front Med. 2021;8:638325. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.638325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwatra SG. Breaking the itch-scratch cycle in Prurigo Nodularis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):757–758. doi:10.1056/NEJMe1916733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ständer S, Yosipovitch G, Legat FJ, et al. Trial of nemolizumab in moderate-to-severe prurigo nodularis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):706–716. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1908316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ständer S, Lacour J-P, Legat FJ, et al. Nemolizumab rapidly relieves itch and sleep disturbances in patients with prurigo nodularis. EMJ Dermatol. 2021;9(1):63-64.
   Google Scholar
• Tsoi LC, Hacini-Rachinel F, Fogel P, et al. Transcriptomic characterization of prurigo nodularis and the therapeutic response to nemolizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;149(4):1329–1339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A study to evaluate the durability of response and safety of nemolizumab for 24 weeks in participants with prurigo nodularis. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT05052983. Accessed April 11, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• An efficacy and safety study of nemolizumab (CD14152) in participants with prurigo nodularis. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04501666. Accessed April 11, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• A study to assess the efficacy and safety of nemolizumab (CD14152) in participants with Prurigo Nodularis (PN). Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04501679. Accessed April 11, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• A long-term study of nemolizumab (CD14152) in participants with Prurigo Nodularis (PN). Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04204616. Accessed April 11, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Study to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of vixarelimab in reducing pruritus in Prurigo Nodularis. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT03816891. Accessed April 11, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Howard Sofen RB, Yosipovitch G, Silverberg J, et al. Vixarelimab reduced pruritus, improved nodules, and was well-tolerated in patients with Prurigo Nodularis in a Phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Abstract presented at: EADV Virtual Congress; October 29-31; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Gilfillan AM, Rivera J. The tyrosine kinase network regulating mast cell activation. Immunol Rev. 2009;228(1):149–169. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00742.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A study of CDX-0159 in patients with Prurigo Nodularis. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04944862. Accessed April 11, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Li H, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Guo Y, Yao Z. Update on the pathogenesis and therapy of atopic dermatitis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2021;61(3):324–338. doi:10.1007/s12016-021-08880-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal D, Sardana K, Mathachan SR, Bhardwaj M, Ahuja A, Jain S. A prospective study examining the expression of STAT 1, 3, 6 in prurigo nodularis lesions with its immunopathogenic and therapeutic implications. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021. doi:10.1111/jocd.14709
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molloy OE, Kearney N, Byrne N, Kirby B. Successful treatment of recalcitrant nodular prurigo with tofacitinib. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020;45(7):918–920. doi:10.1111/ced.14320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju T, Labib A, Does AV, Yosipovitch G. Topical JAK-STAT inhibitor tofacitinib is effective in reducing non-atopic dermatitis chronic itch: a case series. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2022.03.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson S, Nahmias Z, Rosman IS, Kim BS. Immunomodulating agents as antipruritics. Dermatol Clin. 2018;36(3):325–334. doi:10.1016/j.det.2018.02.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooderham MJ, Forman SB, Bissonnette R, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral janus kinase 1 inhibitor abrocitinib for patients with atopic dermatitis: a Phase 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(12):1371–1379. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.2855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efficacy of abrocitinib for reducing pruritus in adults with Prurigo Nodularis and chronic pruritus of unknown origin. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT05038982. Accessed April 11, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of INCB054707 in participants with Prurigo Nodularis. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT05061693. Accessed April 11, 2022.
   Google Scholar