121
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Hepatectomy After Conversion Therapy for Initially Unresectable HCC: What is the Difference?

ORCID Icon, , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1353-1368 | Received 13 Sep 2022, Accepted 07 Dec 2022, Published online: 22 Dec 2022

References

  • Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi:10.3322/caac.21660
  • European Association For The Study Of The Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69(1):182–236. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019
  • Marrero JA, Kulik LM, Sirlin CB, et al. Diagnosis, staging, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2018 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology. 2018;68(2):723–750. doi:10.1002/hep.29913
  • Forner A, Reig M, Bruix J. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. 2018;391(10127):1301–1314. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30010-2
  • Xie DY, Ren ZG, Zhou J, Fan J, Gao Q. 2019 Chinese clinical guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: updates and insights. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2020;9(4):452–463. doi:10.21037/hbsn-20-480
  • Zhong J, Ke Y, Gong W, et al. Hepatic resection associated with good survival for selected patients with intermediate and advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg. 2014;260(2):329–340. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000000236
  • Yin L, Li H, Li A, et al. Partial hepatectomy vs. transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for resectable multiple hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria: a RCT. J Hepatol. 2014;61(1):82–88. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.03.012
  • Lencioni R, de Baere T, Soulen MC, Rilling WS, Geschwind JF. Lipiodol transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review of efficacy and safety data. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):106–116. doi:10.1002/hep.28453
  • Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(20):1894–1905. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1915745
  • Finn RS, Ikeda M, Zhu AX, et al. Phase Ib study of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clinl Oncol. 2020;38(26):2960–2970. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.00808
  • Xu J, Shen J, Gu S, et al. Camrelizumab in combination with apatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (RESCUE): a Nonrandomized, open-label, phase II trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27(4):1003–1011. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-2571
  • Llovet J, De Baere T, Kulik L, et al. Locoregional therapies in the era of molecular and immune treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(5):293–313. doi:10.1038/s41575-020-00395-0
  • He MK, Liang RB, Zhao Y, et al. Lenvatinib, toripalimab, plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus lenvatinib alone for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2021;13:17588359211002720. doi:10.1177/17588359211002720
  • Zhang J, Zhang X, Mu H, et al. Surgical conversion for initially unresectable locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma using a triple combination of angiogenesis inhibitors, anti-PD-1 antibodies, and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy: a retrospective study. Front Oncol. 2021;11:729764. doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.729764
  • Chen S, Wu Z, Shi F, et al. Lenvatinib plus TACE with or without pembrolizumab for the treatment of initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma harbouring PD-L1 expression: a retrospective study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2022;148(8):2115–2125. doi:10.1007/s00432-021-03767-4
  • Xiang YJ, Wang K, Yu HM, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization plus a PD-1 inhibitor with or without lenvatinib for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res. 2022;52(8):721–729. doi:10.1111/hepr.13773
  • Rahbari NN, Garden OJ, Padbury R, et al. Posthepatectomy liver failure: a definition and grading by the International Study Group Of Liver Surgery (ISGLS). Surgery. 2011;149(5):713–724. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2010.10.001
  • Park JW, Chen M, Colombo M, et al. Global patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma management from diagnosis to death: the BRIDGE Study. Liver Int. 2015;35(9):2155–2166. doi:10.1111/liv.12818
  • Kloeckner R, Galle PR, Bruix J. Local and regional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2021;73(Suppl 1):137–149. doi:10.1002/hep.31424
  • Lau WY, Ho SK, Yu SC, Lai EC, Liew CT, Leung TW. Salvage surgery following downstaging of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg. 2004;240(2):299–305. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000133123.11932.19
  • Shen Y-H, Huang C, Zhu X-D, et al. The Safety profile of hepatectomy following preoperative systemic therapy with lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibodies versus hepatectomy alone in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Open. 2022;3(2):e163. doi:10.1097/AS9.0000000000000163
  • Zhang W, Hu B, Han J, et al. Surgery after conversion therapy with PD-1 Inhibitors plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective and safe for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study of ten patients. Front Oncol. 2021;11:747950. doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.747950
  • Terashima T, Yamashita T, Arai K, et al. Beneficial effect of maintaining hepatic reserve during chemotherapy on the outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer. 2017;6(3):236–249. doi:10.1159/000472262
  • D’Avola D, Granito A, de la Torre-Alaez M, Piscaglia F. The importance of liver functional reserve in the non-surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2021;76:1185–1198. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.013
  • Zhu XD, Huang C, Shen YH, et al. Downstaging and resection of initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with tyrosine kinase inhibitor and anti-PD-1 antibody combinations. Liver Cancer. 2021;10(4):320–329. doi:10.1159/000514313
  • Bertacco A, Vitale A, Mescoli C, Cillo U. Sorafenib treatment has the potential to downstage advanced hepatocellular carcinoma before liver resection. Per Med. 2020;17(2):83–87. doi:10.2217/pme-2018-0114
  • Aloia T, Sebagh M, Plasse M, et al. Liver histology and surgical outcomes after preoperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer liver metastases. J Clinl Oncol. 2006;24(31):4983–4990. doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.05.8156
  • Nordlinger B, Benoist S. Benefits and risks of neoadjuvant therapy for liver metastases. J Clinl Oncol. 2006;24(31):4954–4955. doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.07.9244
  • Rubbia-Brandt L, Audard V, Sartoretti P, et al. Severe hepatic sinusoidal obstruction associated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol. 2004;15(3):460–466. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdh095
  • Iacovelli R, Palazzo A, Procopio G, et al. Incidence and relative risk of hepatic toxicity in patients treated with anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors for malignancy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;77(6):929–938. doi:10.1111/bcp.12231
  • Miller ED, Abu-Sbeih H, Styskel B, et al. Clinical characteristics and adverse impact of hepatotoxicity due to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(2):251–261. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000398
  • Fathi F, Sanei B, Ganjalikhani Hakemi M, Saidi RF, Rezaei A. Liver resection promotes (regulates) proinflammatory cytokines in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;2021:5593655. doi:10.1155/2021/5593655
  • Michalopoulos GK, Bhushan B. Liver regeneration: biological and pathological mechanisms and implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(1):40–55. doi:10.1038/s41575-020-0342-4
  • Campana L, Esser H, Huch M, Forbes S. Liver regeneration and inflammation: from fundamental science to clinical applications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021;22(9):608–624. doi:10.1038/s41580-021-00373-7
  • Fang C, An J, Bruno A, et al. Consensus recommendations of three-dimensional visualization for diagnosis and management of liver diseases. Hepatol Int. 2020;14(4):437–453. doi:10.1007/s12072-020-10052-y
  • Zhang Y, Huang G, Wang Y, et al. Is salvage liver resection necessary for initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients downstaged by transarterial chemoembolization? Ten years of experience. Oncologist. 2016;21(12):1442–1449. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0094
  • Sun HC, Zhou J, Wang Z, et al. Chinese expert consensus on conversion therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (2021 edition). Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2022;11(2):227–252. doi:10.21037/hbsn-21-328