Nomogram Based on Platelet–Albumin–Bilirubin for Predicting Tumor Recurrence After Surgery in Alpha-Fetoprotein-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

References

• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hepatocellular carcinoma. % J Nature reviews. Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):7. doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00245-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang SL, Liu LP, Yang S, et al. Preoperative serum α-fetoprotein and prognosis after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg. 2016;103(6):716–724. doi:10.1002/bjs.10093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuda K, Kubo Y, Obata H. Serum alpha-fetoprotein in the relatively early stages of hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship to gross anatomical types. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1975;259:248–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• She S, Xiang Y, Yang M, et al. C-reactive protein is a biomarker of AFP-negative HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol. 2015;47(2):543–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taketa K. Alpha-fetoprotein: reevaluation in hepatology. Hepatology. 1990;12(6):1420–1432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agopian VG, Harlander-Locke MP, Markovic D, et al. Evaluation of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas that do not produce α-fetoprotein. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(1):55–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang XF, Qi X, Meng B, et al. Prognosis evaluation in alpha-fetoprotein negative hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: comparison of five staging systems. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2010;36(8):718–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurokawa T, Ohkohchi N. Platelets in liver disease, cancer and regeneration. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(18):3228–3239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang ZX, Jiang CP, Cao Y, Zhang G, Chen WB, Ding YT. Preoperative serum liver enzyme markers for predicting early recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2015;14(2):178–185. doi:10.1016/S1499-3872(15)60353-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagel T, Klaus F, Ibanez IG, Wege H, Lohse A, Meyer B. Fast and facile analysis of glycosylation and phosphorylation of fibrinogen from human plasma-correlation with liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018;410(30):7965–7977. doi:10.1007/s00216-018-1418-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldenhuis CN, Oosting SF, Gietema JA, de Vries EG. Prognostic versus predictive value of biomarkers in oncology. Eur J Cancer. 2008;44(7):946–953. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moldogazieva NT, Zavadskiy SP, Sologova SS, Mokhosoev IM, Terentiev AA. Predictive biomarkers for systemic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2021;21(11):1147–1164. doi:10.1080/14737159.2021.1987217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ang SF, Ng ES, Li H, et al. The Singapore Liver Cancer Recurrence (SLICER) Score for relapse prediction in patients with surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0118658. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan AWH, Zhong J, Berhane S, et al. Development of pre and post-operative models to predict early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection. J Hepatol. 2018;69(6):1284–1293. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.08.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson PJ, Berhane S, Kagebayashi C, et al. Assessment of liver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a new evidence-based approach-The ALBI grade. J clin Oncol. 2015;33(6):550–558. doi:10.1200/JCO.2014.57.9151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinato DJ, Sharma R, Allara E, et al. The ALBI grade provides objective hepatic reserve estimation across each BCLC stage of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2017;66(2):338–346. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elshaarawy O, Alkhatib A, Elhelbawy M, et al. Validation of modified albumin-bilirubin-TNM score as a prognostic model to evaluate patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol. 2019;11(6):542–552. doi:10.4254/wjh.v11.i6.542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansmann J, Evers MJ, Bui JT, et al. Albumin-bilirubin and platelet-albumin-bilirubin grades accurately predict overall survival in high-risk patients undergoing conventional transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2017;28(9):1224–1231.e1222. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2017.05.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu PH, Hsu CY, Hsia CY, et al. ALBI and PALBI grade predict survival for HCC across treatment modalities and BCLC stages in the MELD Era. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32(4):879–886. doi:10.1111/jgh.13608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu B, Hu X, Jin H, et al. Albumin-bilirubin and platelet-albumin-bilirubin grades for hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in Child-Pugh A patients treated with radical surgery: a retrospective observational study. Medicine. 2019;98(43):e17394. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000017394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang LX, Lv Y, Xu AM, Wang HZ. The prognostic significance of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels and AST/ALT in primary hepatic carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):841. doi:10.1186/s12885-019-6011-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sylman JL, Mitrugno A, Atallah M, et al. The predictive value of inflammation-related peripheral blood measurements in cancer staging and prognosis. Front Oncol. 2018;8:78. doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Medical Administration, National Health and Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. 中国原发性肝癌诊疗指南(2019版) [Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer in China (2019 edition)]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2020;28(2):112–128. Chinese. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2020.02.004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhir M, Melin AA, Douaiher J, et al. A review and update of treatment options and controversies in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg. 2016;263(6):1112–1125. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000001556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burucoa C, Axon A. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter. 2017;22(Suppl 1):e12403. doi:10.1111/hel.12403
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Cheng ZJ, Liu Y, et al. Serum thioredoxin is a diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2015;6(11):9551–9563. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.3314
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Toyoda H, Kumada T, Tada T, et al. Clinical utility of highly sensitive Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with alpha-fetoprotein <20 ng/mL. Cancer Sci. 2011;102(5):1025–1031. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01875.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toyoda H, Kumada T, Osaki Y, et al. Staging hepatocellular carcinoma by a novel scoring system (BALAD score) based on serum markers. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(12):1528–1536. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2006.09.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitai S, Kudo M, Minami Y, et al. Validation of a new prognostic staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma: a comparison of the biomarker-combined Japan integrated staging score, the conventional Japan integrated staging score and the BALAD score. Oncology. 2008;75(Suppl 1):83–90. doi:10.1159/000173428
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li S, Xu W, Liao M, et al. The significance of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to lymphocyte count ratio in the early postoperative recurrence monitoring and prognosis prediction of AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2021;8:23–33. doi:10.2147/JHC.S286213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chun YS, Pawlik TM, Vauthey JN. AJCC cancer staging manual: pancreas and hepatobiliary cancers. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018;25(4):845–847. doi:10.1245/s10434-017-6025-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galle PR, Forner A, Llovet JM, Mazzaferro V, Piscaglia F, Raoul JL. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69(1):182–236. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diakos CI, Charles KA, McMillan DC, Clarke SJ. Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(11):e493–503. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70263-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chechlinska M, Kowalewska M, Nowak R. Systemic inflammation as a confounding factor in cancer biomarker discovery and validation. Nat Rev Cancer. 2010;10(1):2–3. doi:10.1038/nrc2782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao R, Peng C, Li M, et al. Comparison and validation of the prognostic value of preoperative systemic immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy. Cancer Med. 2018;7(4):1170–1182. doi:10.1002/cam4.1424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao S, Yu X, Shan Y, Fan R, Wu S, Lu C. Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR)-based nomogram model to predict tumor recurrence of AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2021;8:1355–1365. doi:10.2147/JHC.S339707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haemmerle M, Stone RL, Menter DG, Afshar-Kharghan V, Sood AK. The platelet lifeline to cancer: challenges and opportunities. Cancer Cell. 2018;33(6):965–983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asghar S, Parvaiz F, Manzoor S. Multifaceted role of cancer educated platelets in survival of cancer cells. Thromb Res. 2019;177:42–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labelle M, Begum S, Hynes RO. Direct signaling between platelets and cancer cells induces an epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition and promotes metastasis. Cancer Cell. 2011;20(5):576–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bağırsakçı E, Şahin E, Atabey N, Erdal E, Guerra V, Carr BI. Role of albumin in growth inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology. 2017;93(2):136–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujiwara R, Haag M, Schaeffeler E, Nies AT, Zanger UM, Schwab M. Systemic regulation of bilirubin homeostasis: potential benefits of hyperbilirubinemia. Hepatology. 2018;67(4):1609–1619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao Q, Jiang X, Zhai YY, et al. Protective effects and mechanisms of bilirubin nanomedicine against acute pancreatitis. J Control Release. 2020;322:312–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SK, Song MJ, Kim SH, Park M. Comparing various scoring system for predicting overall survival according to treatment modalities in hepatocellular carcinoma focused on Platelet-albumin-bilirubin (PALBI) and albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade: a nationwide cohort study. PLoS One. 2019;14(5):e0216173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong J, Wang T, Shen S, Zhang Z, Yang X, Wang W. A genomic-clinical nomogram predicting recurrence-free survival for patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. PeerJ. 2019;7:e7942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong JH, Ke Y, Gong WF, et al. Hepatic resection associated with good survival for selected patients with intermediate and advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg. 2014;260(2):329–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moons KG, Kengne AP, Woodward M, et al. Risk prediction models: i. Development, internal validation, and assessing the incremental value of a new (bio)marker. Heart. 2012;98(9):683–690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JM, Joh JW, Yi NJ, et al. Predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence beyond Milan criteria after liver resection for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg. 2020;24(10):2219–2227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim M, Kim T, Lee HY, Hong SY, Wang HJ, Kim BW. Risk factors for beyond Milan recurrence after hepatic resection for single hepatocellular carcinoma no larger than 5 centimeters. Liver Transpl. 2021;27(8):1116–1129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Jin YX, Ji YZ, Mu Y, Zhang SC, Pan SY. Development and validation of a prediction model for microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(14):1647–1659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu G, Wu J, Wang B, Zhu X, Shi X, Ding Y. Importance of tumor size at diagnosis as a prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma survival: a population-based study. Cancer Manag Res. 2018;10:4401–4410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar