Machine Learning-Based Nomogram for Predicting Overall Survival in Elderly Patients with Cirrhotic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Ablation Therapy

References

• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi:10.3322/caac.21660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loy LM, Low HM, Choi JY, Rhee H, Wong CF, Tan CH. Variant hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes according to the 2019 WHO classification: an imaging-focused review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2022;219(2):212–223. doi:10.2214/ajr.21.26982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arora SP, Liposits G, Caird S, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in older adults: a comprehensive review by young international society of geriatric oncology. J Geriatr Oncol. 2020;11(4):557–565. doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2019.10.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abu-Freha N, Estis-Deaton A, Aasla M, et al. Liver cirrhosis in elderly patients: clinical characteristics, complications, and survival-analyses from a large retrospective study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022;34(9):2217–2223. doi:10.1007/s40520-022-02152-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minami Y, Aoki T, Hagiwara S, Kudo M. Tips for preparing and practicing thermal ablation therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers. 2023;15:19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhim H, Lim HK. Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: pros and cons. Gut Liver. 2010;4(Suppl 1):S113–8. doi:10.5009/gnl.2010.4.S1.S113
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim YS, Lim HK, Rhim H, Lee MW. Ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;28(5):897–908. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2014.08.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein JL, Ahmed M. Percutaneous ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2018;210(6):1368–1375. doi:10.2214/ajr.17.18695
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvat N, de Oliveira AI, Clemente de Oliveira B, et al. Local-regional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a primer for radiologists. Radiographics. 2022;42(6):1670–1689. doi:10.1148/rg.220022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang J, Cui W, Xie X, et al. A novel prognostic model based on AFP, tumor burden score and Albumin-Bilirubin grade for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing radiofrequency ablation. Int J Hyperthermia. 2023;40(1):2256498. doi:10.1080/02656736.2023.2256498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawaguchi Y, Hasegawa K, Hagiwara Y, et al. Effect of diameter and number of hepatocellular carcinomas on survival after resection, transarterial chemoembolization, and ablation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116(8):1698–1708. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang SW, Zhang NN, Zhu WW, et al. A novel nomogram model to predict the recurrence-free survival and overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol. 2022;12:946531. doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.946531
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• An C, Wu S, Huang Z, et al. A novel nomogram to predict the local tumor progression after microwave ablation in patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a tool in prediction of successful ablation. Cancer Med. 2020;9(1):104–115. doi:10.1002/cam4.2606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha DI, Ahn SH, Lee MW, et al. Risk group stratification for recurrence-free survival and early tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers. 2023;15:3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasquez MM, Hu C, Roe DJ, Chen Z, Halonen M, Guerra S. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator type methods for the identification of serum biomarkers of overweight and obesity: simulation and application. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2016;16(1):154. doi:10.1186/s12874-016-0254-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickett KL, Suresh K, Campbell KR, Davis S, Juarez-Colunga E. Random survival forests for dynamic predictions of a time-to-event outcome using a longitudinal biomarker. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2021;21(1):216. doi:10.1186/s12874-021-01375-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y, Luo L, Shan R, et al. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting postoperative early relapse and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2023;22(1d):e237069. doi:10.6004/jnccn.2023.7069
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu Q, Li J, Liu F, et al. A radiomics nomogram for the prediction of overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. Cancer Imaging. 2020;20(1):82. doi:10.1186/s40644-020-00360-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo YH, Huang TH, Yen YH, et al. Nomogram to predict the long-term overall survival of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation. Cancers. 2023;15:12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen S, Ma W, Cao F, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria: a novel inflammation-based nomogram system to assess the outcomes of ablation. Front Oncol. 2020;10:1764. doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.01764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Testino G, Leone S, Borro P. Alcohol and hepatocellular carcinoma: a review and a point of view. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(43):15943–15954. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.15943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho EJ, Chung GE, Yoo JJ, et al. The association between alcohol consumption and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma according to glycemic status in Korea: a nationwide population-based study. PLoS Med. 2023;20(6):e1004244. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li M, Sun J, Wang Y, et al. Construction of a hepatocellular carcinoma high-risk population rating scale and independent predictors’ assessment. Am J Med Sci. 2023. doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2023.11.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang HI, Sherman M, Su J, et al. Nomograms for risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(14):2437–2444. doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.4456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramacciato G, Mercantini P, Petrucciani N, et al. Does surgical resection have a role in the treatment of large or multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma? Am Surg. 2010;76(11):1189–1197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chianchiano P, Pezhouh MK, Kim A, et al. Distinction of intrahepatic metastasis from multicentric carcinogenesis in multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma using molecular alterations. Hum Pathol. 2018;72:127–134. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2017.11.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie DY, Fan HK, Ren ZG, Fan J, Gao Q. Identifying clonal origin of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical implications. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10(2):e00006. doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhanasekaran R. Deciphering Tumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)-multi-omic and singulomic approaches. Semin Liver Dis. 2021;41(1):9–18. doi:10.1055/s-0040-1722261
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dong LQ, Peng LH, Ma LJ, et al. Heterogeneous immunogenomic features and distinct escape mechanisms in multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2020;72(5):896–908. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2019.12.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang M, He M, Guo Y, et al. The influence of immune heterogeneity on the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in multifocal hepatocellular carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res. 2020;26(18):4947–4957. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-19-3840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W, Zhangyuan G, Wang F, et al. High preoperative serum globulin in hepatocellular carcinoma is a risk factor for poor survival. J Cancer. 2019;10(15):3494–3500. doi:10.7150/jca.29499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng Y, Pang Q, Miao RC, et al. Prognostic significance of pretreatment albumin/globulin ratio in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther. 2016;9:5317–5328. doi:10.2147/ott.S109736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Li Z, Hao S, et al. Inversed albumin-to-globulin ratio and underlying liver disease severity as a prognostic factor for survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2023;29(3):520–528. doi:10.5152/dir.2022.211166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez H, Hagerling C, Werb Z. Roles of the immune system in cancer: from tumor initiation to metastatic progression. Genes Dev. 2018;32(19–20):1267–1284. doi:10.1101/gad.314617.118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Geng Z, Shao W, et al. Cancer-derived sialylated IgG promotes tumor immune escape by binding to Siglecs on effector T cells. Cell Mol Immunol. 2020;17(11):1148–1162. doi:10.1038/s41423-019-0327-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui M, Huang J, Zhang S, Liu Q, Liao Q, Qiu X. Immunoglobulin expression in cancer cells and its critical roles in tumorigenesis. Front Immunol. 2021;12:613530. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.613530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Yang K, Wang Q, et al. Prealbumin as a predictor of short-term prognosis in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Infect Drug Resist. 2023;16:2611–2623. doi:10.2147/idr.S402585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao YY, Teng CL, Peng NF, et al. Serum prealbumin is negatively associated with survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatic resection. J Cancer. 2019;10(13):3006–3011. doi:10.7150/jca.30903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller U. Nutritional laboratory markers in malnutrition. J Clin Med. 2019;8:6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rostenberg I, Rico R, Peñaloza R. Gc globulin and prealbumin serum levels in patients with cancer and benign inflammatory diseases and in asymptomatic smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1979;62(2):299–300.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee JL, Oh ES, Lee RW, Finucane TE. Serum albumin and prealbumin in calorically restricted, nondiseased individuals: a systematic review. Am J Med. 2015;128(9):1023.e1–22. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.03.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar