Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers and Molecular Targets Among JAK Family in Breast Cancer

References

• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harbeck N, Penault-Llorca F, Cortes J, et al. Breast cancer. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2019;5(1):66. doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0111-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anastasiadi Z, Lianos GD, Ignatiadou E, Harissis HV, Mitsis M. Breast cancer in young women: an overview. Updates Surg. 2017;69(3):313–317. doi:10.1007/s13304-017-0424-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fragomeni SM, Sciallis A, Jeruss JS. Molecular subtypes and local-regional control of breast cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2018;27(1):95–120. doi:10.1016/j.soc.2017.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turashvili G, Brogi E. Tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer. Front Med. 2017;4:227. doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.00227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieto C, Vega MA, Martín Del Valle EM. Trastuzumab: more than a guide in her2-positive cancer nanomedicine. Nanomaterials. 2020;10(9). doi:10.3390/nano10091674
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Şahin S, Caglayan MO, Üstündağ Z. Recent advances in aptamer-based sensors for breast cancer diagnosis: special cases for nanomaterial-based VEGF, HER2, and MUC1 aptasensors. Mikrochim Acta. 2020;187(10):549. doi:10.1007/s00604-020-04526-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Melo Gagliato D, Buzaid AC, Perez-Garcia J, Cortes J. Immunotherapy in breast cancer: current practice and clinical challenges. BioDrugs. 2020. doi:10.1007/s40259-020-00436-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladyman SR, Fieldwick DM, Grattan DR. Suppression of leptin-induced hypothalamic JAK/STAT signalling and feeding response during pregnancy in the mouse. Reproduction. 2012;144(1):83–90. doi:10.1530/rep-12-0112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilks AF. Two putative protein-tyrosine kinases identified by application of the polymerase chain reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989;86(5):1603–1607. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.5.1603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz DM, Bonelli M, Gadina M, O’Shea JJ. Type I/II cytokines, JAKs, and new strategies for treating autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12(1):25–36. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2015.167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleppe M, Kwak M, Koppikar P, et al. JAK-STAT pathway activation in malignant and nonmalignant cells contributes to MPN pathogenesis and therapeutic response. Cancer Discov. 2015;5(3):316–331. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.Cd-14-0736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh YT, Ou-Yang F, Chen IF, et al. Altered p-JAK1 expression is associated with estrogen receptor status in breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2007;17(1):35–39. doi:10.3892/or.17.1.35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen W, Liang W, Wu J, et al. Targeting JAK1/STAT3 signaling suppresses tumor progression and metastasis in a peritoneal model of human ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2014;13(12):3037–3048. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.Mct-14-0077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SY, Lee CJ, Choi JH, et al. The JAK2/STAT3/CCND2 Axis promotes colorectal Cancer stem cell persistence and radioresistance. J Experimental Clin Cancer Res. 2019;38(1):399. doi:10.1186/s13046-019-1405-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li SD, Ma M, Li H, et al. Cancer gene profiling in non-small cell lung cancers reveals activating mutations in JAK2 and JAK3 with therapeutic implications. Genome Med. 2017;9(1):89. doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0478-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wöss K, Simonović N, Strobl B, Macho-Maschler S, Müller M. TYK2: an upstream kinase of STATs in cancer. Cancers. 2019;11(11). doi:10.3390/cancers11111728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prutsch N, Gurnhofer E, Suske T, et al. Dependency on the TYK2/STAT1/MCL1 axis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Leukemia. 2019;33(3):696–709. doi:10.1038/s41375-018-0239-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li T, Fan J, Wang B, et al. TIMER: a web server for comprehensive analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Cancer Res. 2017;77(21):e108–e110. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.Can-17-0307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrashekar DS, Bashel B, Balasubramanya SAH, et al. UALCAN: A portal for facilitating tumor subgroup gene expression and survival analyses. Neoplasia. 2017;19(8):649–658. doi:10.1016/j.neo.2017.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang Z, Li C, Kang B, Gao G, Li C, Zhang Z. GEPIA: a web server for cancer and normal gene expression profiling and interactive analyses. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45(W1):W98–W102. doi:10.1093/nar/gkx247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Györffy B, Lanczky A, Eklund AC, et al. An online survival analysis tool to rapidly assess the effect of 22,277 genes on breast cancer prognosis using microarray data of 1809 patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;123(3):725–731. doi:10.1007/s10549-009-0674-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jézéquel P, Campone M, Gouraud W, et al. bc-GenExMiner: an easy-to-use online platform for gene prognostic analyses in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;131(3):765–775. doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1457-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguirre-Gamboa R, Gomez-Rueda H, Martínez-Ledesma E, et al. SurvExpress: an online biomarker validation tool and database for cancer gene expression data using survival analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74250. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van ‘T Veer LJ, Dai H, van de Vijver MJ, et al. Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature. 2002;415(6871):530–536. doi:10.1038/415530a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borcherding N, Bormann NL, Voigt AP, Zhang W. TRGAted: a web tool for survival analysis using protein data in the cancer genome atlas. F1000Research. 2018;7:1235. doi:10.12688/f1000research.15789.2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Modhukur V, Iljasenko T, Metsalu T, Lokk K, Laisk-Podar T, Vilo J. MethSurv: a web tool to perform multivariable survival analysis using DNA methylation data. Epigenomics. 2018;10(3):277–288. doi:10.2217/epi-2017-0118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Zhao N, Zhang X, et al. SurvivalMeth: a web server to investigate the effect of DNA methylation-related functional elements on prognosis. Brief Bioinform. 2020. doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa162
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerami E, Gao J, Dogrusoz U, et al. The cBio cancer genomics portal: an open platform for exploring multidimensional cancer genomics data. Cancer Discov. 2012;2(5):401–404. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.Cd-12-0095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao J, Aksoy BA, Dogrusoz U, et al. Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal. Sci Signal. 2013;6(269):pl1. doi:10.1126/scisignal.2004088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szklarczyk D, Gable AL, Lyon D, et al. STRING v11: protein-protein association networks with increased coverage, supporting functional discovery in genome-wide experimental datasets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D607–d613. doi:10.1093/nar/gky1131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warde-Farley D, Donaldson SL, Comes O, et al. The GeneMANIA prediction server: biological network integration for gene prioritization and predicting gene function. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38(Web Server issue):W214–20. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou G, Soufan O, Ewald J, Hancock REW, Basu N, Xia J. NetworkAnalyst 3.0: a visual analytics platform for comprehensive gene expression profiling and meta-analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(W1):W234–w241. doi:10.1093/nar/gkz240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang da W, Sherman BT, Lempicki RA. Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nat Protoc. 2009;4(1):44–57. doi:10.1038/nprot.2008.211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang da W, Sherman BT, Lempicki RA. Bioinformatics enrichment tools: paths toward the comprehensive functional analysis of large gene lists. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(1):1–13. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Zhou B, Pache L, et al. Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1523. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09234-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasaikar SV, Straub P, Wang J, Zhang B. LinkedOmics: analyzing multi-omics data within and across 32 cancer types. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;46(D1):D956–D963. doi:10.1093/nar/gkx1090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song D, Wang Y, Zhu K, et al. DCK is a promising prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol. 2020;18(1):176. doi:10.1186/s12957-020-01953-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai D, Chen B, Feng Y, et al. Prognostic value of prostaglandin I2 synthase and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and gastric cancer. Aging. 2020;12(10):9658–9685. doi:10.18632/aging.103235
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu F, Wu H. Prognostic value of gastrokine-2 (gkn2) and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in lung cancer and gastric cancers. J Inflamm Res. 2020;13:933–944. doi:10.2147/JIR.S277353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Lan Y, Xu J, et al. CellMarker: a manually curated resource of cell markers in human and mouse. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;47(D1):D721–D728. doi:10.1093/nar/gky900
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilks AF. Cloning members of protein-tyrosine kinase family using polymerase chain reaction. Methods Enzymol. 1991;200:533–546. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(91)00169-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harpur AG, Andres AC, Ziemiecki A, Aston RR, Wilks AF. JAK2, a third member of the JAK family of protein tyrosine kinases. Oncogene. 1992;7(7):1347–1353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firmbach-Kraft I, Byers M, Shows T, Dalla-Favera R, Krolewski JJ. tyk2, prototype of a novel class of non-receptor tyrosine kinase genes. Oncogene. 1990;5(9):1329–1336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning G, Whyte DB, Martinez R, Hunter T, Sudarsanam S. The protein kinase complement of the human genome. Science. 2002;298(5600):1912–1934. doi:10.1126/science.1075762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pesu M, Laurence A, Kishore N, Zwillich SH, Chan G, O’Shea JJ. Therapeutic targeting of Janus kinases. Immunol Rev. 2008;223:132–142. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00644.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vainchenker W, Dusa A, Constantinescu SN. JAKs in pathology: role of Janus kinases in hematopoietic malignancies and immunodeficiencies. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2008;19(4):385–393. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cance WG, Liu ET. Protein kinases in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1995;35(1):105–114. doi:10.1007/bf00694751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciobanu DA, Poenariu IS, Crînguș LI, et al. JAK/STAT pathway in pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(4):3498–3503. doi:10.3892/etm.2020.8982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen B, Lai J, Dai D, Chen R, Li X, Liao N. JAK1 as a prognostic marker and its correlation with immune infiltrates in breast cancer. Aging. 2019;11(23):11124–11135. doi:10.18632/aging.102514
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Balko JM, Schwarz LJ, Luo N, et al. Triple-negative breast cancers with amplification of JAK2 at the 9p24 locus demonstrate JAK2-specific dependence. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(334):334ra53. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aad3001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naeem MA, Shah TH, Zafar N, Khan M, Bhutto AA, Rabbani S. Detection of JAK2 gene mutation in Pakistani women with triple-negative breast cancer. Breast J. 2020;26(4):829–830. doi:10.1111/tbj.13609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong EG, Kim MS, Nam HK, et al. Somatic mutations of JAK1 and JAK3 in acute leukemias and solid cancers. Clinical Cancer Res. 2008;14(12):3716–3721. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-07-4839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Q, Sturgill JL, Kmieciak M, et al. The role of Tyk2 in regulation of breast cancer growth. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2011;31(9):671–677. doi:10.1089/jir.2011.0023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sang QX, Man YG, Sung YM, et al. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase 2 reaches its lowest expression levels in human breast cancer during regional nodal metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2012;29(2):143–153. doi:10.1007/s10585-011-9437-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furumoto Y, Gadina M. The arrival of JAK inhibitors: advancing the treatment of immune and hematologic disorders. BioDrugs. 2013;27(5):431–438. doi:10.1007/s40259-013-0040-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington R, Al Nokhatha SA, Conway R. JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: an evidence-based review on the emerging clinical data. J Inflamm Res. 2020;13:519–531. doi:10.2147/jir.S219586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GA, Uchida K, Weiss A, Taunton J. Essential biphasic role for JAK3 catalytic activity in IL-2 receptor signaling. Nat Chem Biol. 2016;12(5):373–379. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodig SJ, Meraz MA, White JM, et al. Disruption of the Jak1 gene demonstrates obligatory and nonredundant roles of the Jaks in cytokine-induced biologic responses. Cell. 1998;93(3):373–383. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81166-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchert M, Burns CJ, Ernst M. Targeting JAK kinase in solid tumors: emerging opportunities and challenges. Oncogene. 2016;35(8):939–951. doi:10.1038/onc.2015.150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue W, Li W, Zhang T, et al. Anti-PD1 up-regulates PD-L1 expression and inhibits T-cell lymphoma progression: possible involvement of an IFN-γ-associated JAK-STAT pathway. Onco Targets Ther. 2019;12:2079–2088. doi:10.2147/ott.S187280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu D, Lu J. Breast cancer multistep development. In: Schwab M, editor. Encyclopedia of Cancer. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer; 2011:522–526.
   Google Scholar
• Beckmann MW, Niederacher D, Schnürch H-G, Gusterson BA, Bender HG. Multistep carcinogenesis of breast cancer and tumour heterogeneity. J Mol Med. 1997;75(6):429–439. doi:10.1007/s001090050128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner AJ, Aldaz CM. The genetics of sporadic breast cancer. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1997;396:63–82.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ingvarsson S. Molecular genetics of breast cancer progression. Semin Cancer Biol. 1999;9(4):277–288. doi:10.1006/scbi.1999.0124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan YY, Flavell RA. How diverse–CD4 effector T cells and their functions. J Mol Cell Biol. 2009;1(1):20–36. doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjp001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesmer LA, Lundy SK, Sarkar S, Fox DA. Th17 cells in human disease. Immunol Rev. 2008;223:87–113. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00628.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romagnani S. Lymphokine production by human T cells in disease states. Annu Rev Immunol. 1994;12:227–257. doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.001303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu J, Yamane H, Paul WE. Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations (*). Annu Rev Immunol. 2010;28:445–489. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy KM, Ouyang W, Farrar JD, et al. Signaling and transcription in T helper development. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:451–494. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luckheeram RV, Zhou R, Verma AD, Xia B. CD4⁺T cells: differentiation and functions. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:925135. doi:10.1155/2012/925135
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao X, Liu J, Ge S, et al. Saikosaponin A inhibits breast cancer by regulating th1/th2 balance. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:624. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonda K, Shibata M, Ohtake T, et al. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are increased and correlated with type 2 immune responses, malnutrition, inflammation, and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 2017;14(2):1766–1774. doi:10.3892/ol.2017.6305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alinejad V, Dolati S, Motallebnezhad M, Yousefi M. The role of IL17B-IL17RB signaling pathway in breast cancer. Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy. 2017;88:795–803. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Cai D, Ma B, Wu G, Wu J. Skewing the balance of regulatory T-cells and T-helper 17 cells in breast cancer patients. J Int Med Res. 2011;39(3):691–701. doi:10.1177/147323001103900301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabassum S, Abbasi R, Ahmad N, Farooqi AA. Targeting of JAK-STAT signaling in breast cancer: therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1152:271–281. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villarino AV, Kanno Y, O’Shea JJ. Mechanisms and consequences of Jak-STAT signaling in the immune system. Nat Immunol. 2017;18(4):374–384. doi:10.1038/ni.3691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee S, Biehl A, Gadina M, Hasni S, Schwartz DM. JAK-STAT signaling as a target for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: current and future prospects. Drugs. 2017;77(5):521–546. doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0701-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiu H, Nicholson SE. Biology and significance of the JAK/STAT signalling pathways. Growth Factors. 2012;30(2):88–106. doi:10.3109/08977194.2012.660936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stine RR, Matunis EL. JAK-STAT signaling in stem cells. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;786:247–267. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6621-1_14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnero A, Blanco-Aparicio C, Renner O, Link W, Leal JF. The PTEN/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in cancer, therapeutic implications. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2008;8(3):187–198. doi:10.2174/156800908784293659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hers I, Vincent EE, Tavaré JM. Akt signalling in health and disease. Cell Signal. 2011;23(10):1515–1527. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy D, Kumavath R, Tan TZ, Ampasala DR, Kumar AP. Peruvoside targets apoptosis and autophagy through MAPK Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in human cancers. Life Sci. 2020;241:117147. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qazi AK, Hussain A, Hamid A, et al. Recent development in targeting PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling for anticancer therapeutic strategies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2013;13(10):1552–1564. doi:10.2174/1871520613666131125123241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosford SR, Miller TW. Clinical potential of novel therapeutic targets in breast cancer: CDK4/6, Src, JAK/ STAT, PARP, HDAC, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2014;7:203–215. doi:10.2147/pgpm.S52762
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gu-Trantien C, Loi S, Garaud S, et al. CD4⁺ follicular helper T cell infiltration predicts breast cancer survival. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(7):2873–2892. doi:10.1172/jci67428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagtap SV. Evaluation of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells in triple-negative invasive breast cancer. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2018;61(4):477–478. doi:10.4103/ijpm.Ijpm_201_18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton SE, Disis ML. Clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer. J Immunotherapy Cancer. 2016;4:59. doi:10.1186/s40425-016-0165-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar