Antibiotic Combined with Epitope-Specific Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail Protects Mice Against Bacteremia and Acute Pneumonia from Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection

References

• Senobar Tahaei SA, Stájer A, Barrak I, et al. Correlation between biofilm-formation and the antibiotic resistant phenotype in staphylococcus aureus isolates: a Laboratory-Based Study in Hungary and a review of the literature. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:1155–1168. doi:10.2147/IDR.S303992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajdács M, Urbán E. Epidemiology and resistance trends of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from vaginal samples: a 10-year retrospective study in Hungary. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2019;28(4):143–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prina E, Ranzani OT, Torres A. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet. 2015;386(9998):1097–1108. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60733-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(3):e18–e55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis JS, Van Hal S, Tong SY. Combination antibiotic treatment of serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;36(1):3–16. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1396906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajdács M. The continuing threat of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics. 2019;8(2):52. doi:10.3390/antibiotics8020052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush K, Courvalin P, Dantas G, et al. Tackling antibiotic resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011;9(12):894–896. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beibei L, Yun C, Mengli C, et al. Linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010;35(1):3–12. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.09.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conaughty JM, Chen J, Martinez OV, et al. Efficacy of linezolid versus vancomycin in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus discitis: a controlled animal model. Spine. 2006;31(22):E830–E832. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000241065.19723.13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajdács M. The concept of an ideal antibiotic: implications for drug design. Molecules. 2019;24(5):892. doi:10.3390/molecules24050892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aslam A, Gajdács M, Zin CS, et al. Evidence of the practice of self-medication with antibiotics among the lay public in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Antibiotics. 2020;9(9):597. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9090597
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shopsin B, Kaveri S, Bayry J. Tackling difficult Staphylococcus aureus infections: antibodies show the way. Cell Host Microbe. 2016;20(5):555–557. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2016.10.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correia B, Bates JT, Loomis RJ, et al. Proof of principle for epitope-focused vaccine design. Nature. 2014;507(7491):201–206. doi:10.1038/nature12966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akram A, Inman R. Immunodominance: a pivotal principle in host response to viral infections. Clin Immunol. 2012;143(2):99–115. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2012.01.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilpatrick K, Wring SA, Walker DH, et al. Rapid development of affinity matured monoclonal antibodies using RIMMS. Hybridoma. 1997;16(4):381–389. doi:10.1089/hyb.1997.16.381
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao Z, Zhang J, Song X, et al. An immunodominant epitope-specific monoclonal antibody cocktail improves survival in a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J Infect Dis. 2021;223(10):1743–1752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Gou Q, Xiong Q, et al. Immunodominance of epitopes and protective efficacy of HI antigen are differentially altered using different adjuvants in a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Front Immunol. 2021;12:684823. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.684823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hua L, Hilliard JJ, Shi Y, et al. Assessment of an anti-alpha-toxin monoclonal antibody for prevention and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(2):1108–1117. doi:10.1128/AAC.02190-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Yang F, Zhang X, et al. Protective efficacy and mechanism of passive immunization with polyclonal antibodies in a sepsis model of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):15553. doi:10.1038/srep15553
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhakdi S, Jursch R, Bröker M, et al. Functionally inactive S. aureus alpha-toxin containing a single amino acid substitution: potential usefulness as a vaccine. Behring Inst Mitt. 1994;95:80–84.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao Z, Sun H-Q, Wei -S-S, et al. Multiple B-cell epitope vaccine induces a Staphylococcus enterotoxin B-specific IgG1 protective response against MRSA infection. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):12371. doi:10.1038/srep12371
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rieder S, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Bliska JB. CD1d-independent activation of invariant natural killer T cells by staphylococcal enterotoxin B through major histocompatibility complex class II/T cell receptor interaction results in acute lung injury. Infect Immun. 2011;79(8):3141–3148. doi:10.1128/IAI.00177-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krakauer T, Buckley M, Fisher D. Murine models of staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced toxic shock. Mil Med. 2010;175(11):917–922. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-10-00148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders ME, Taylor S, Tullos N, et al. Passive immunization with Pneumovax®23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2013;13(1):8. doi:10.1186/1471-2415-13-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salinas E, Boisvert M, Upadhyay AA, et al. Early T follicular helper cell activity accelerates hepatitis C virus-specific B cell expansion. J Clin Invest. 2021;131(2):e140590. doi:10.1172/JCI140590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenech M, Sempere J, de Miguel S, et al. Combination of antibodies and antibiotics as a promising strategy against multidrug-resistant pathogens of the respiratory tract. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2700. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos-Sevillano E, Rodríguez-Sosa C, Díez-Martínez R, et al. Macrolides and β-lactam antibiotics enhance C3b deposition on the surface of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains by a LytA autolysin-dependent mechanism. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56(11):5534–5540. doi:10.1128/AAC.01470-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cafini F, Yuste J, Giménez M-J, et al. Enhanced in vivo activity of cefditoren in pre-immunized mice against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (serotypes 6B, 19F and 23F) in a sepsis model. PLoS One. 2010;5(8):e12041. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krakauer T, Pradhan K, Stiles B. Staphylococcal superantigens spark host-mediated danger signals. Front Immunol. 2016;7:23. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varshney AK, Wang X, Scharff MD, et al. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B–specific monoclonal antibody 20b1 successfully treats diverse Staphylococcus aureus Infections. J Infect Dis. 2013;208(12):2058–2066. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Hoven G, Qin Q, Neukirch C, Husmann M, Hellmann N. Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin: small pore, large consequences. Biol Chem. 2019;400(10):1261–1276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francois B, Mercier E, Gonzalez C, et al. Safety and tolerability of a single administration of AR-301, a human monoclonal antibody, in ICU patients with severe pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus: first-in-human trial. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(11):1787–1796. doi:10.1007/s00134-018-5229-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazmanian SK, Skaar EP, Gaspar AH, et al. Passage of heme iron across the envelope of Staphylococcus aureus. Science. 2003;299:906–909. doi:10.1126/science.1081147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebert T, Smith S, Pancari G, et al. A fully human monoclonal antibody to Staphylococcus aureus iron regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) with functional activity in vitro and in vivo. Hum Antibodies. 2010;19(4):113–128. doi:10.3233/HAB-2010-0235
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller L, Fowler VG Jr, Shukla SK, Rose WE, Proctor RA. Development of a vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus invasive infections: evidence based on human immunity, genetics and bacterial evasion mechanisms. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2020;44(1):123–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden MT, Feil EJ, Lindsay JA, et al. Complete genomes of two clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains: evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(26):9786–9791. doi:10.1073/pnas.0402521101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rybak M, Lomaestro B, Rotschafer JC, et al. Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in adult patients: a consensus review of the American society of health-system pharmacists, the infectious diseases society of America, and the society of infectious diseases pharmacists. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(1):82–98. doi:10.2146/ajhp080434
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wunderink RG, Niederman MS, Kollef MH, et al. Linezolid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia: a randomized, controlled study. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(5):621–629. doi:10.1093/cid/cir895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose WE, Eickhoff JC, Shukla SK, et al. Elevated serum interleukin-10 at time of hospital admission is predictive of mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J Infect Dis. 2012;206(10):1604–1611. doi:10.1093/infdis/jis552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chantratita N, Tandhavanant S, Seal S, et al. TLR4 genetic variation is associated with inflammatory responses in gram-positive sepsis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(1):47.e1–47.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2016.08.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose WE, Shukla SK, Berti AD, et al. Increased endovascular Staphylococcus aureus inoculum is the link between elevated serum interleukin 10 concentrations and mortality in patients with bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(10):1406–1412. doi:10.1093/cid/cix157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014;6(10):a016295. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin L, Ibrahim AS, Xu X, et al. Th1-Th17 cells mediate protective adaptive immunity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans infection in mice. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5(12):e1000703. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minejima E, Bensman J, She RC, et al. A dysregulated balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory host cytokine response early during therapy predicts persistence and mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(4):671–679. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000001465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagnoli F. Staphylococcus aureus toxin antibodies: good companions of antibiotics and vaccines. Virulence. 2017;8(7):1037–1042. doi:10.1080/21505594.2017.1295205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proctor RA. Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus: implications for vaccine development. Microbiol Spectr. 2019;7(4):4–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaudin CFM, Grigg JC, Arrieta AL, Murphy ME. Unique heme-iron coordination by the hemoglobin receptor IsdB of Staphylococcus aureus. Biochemistry. 2011;50(24):5443–5452. doi:10.1021/bi200369p
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krakauer T, Stiles BG. The staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) family: SEB and siblings. Virulence. 2013;4(8):759–773. doi:10.4161/viru.23905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar