β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Administrated by Intraperitoneal Injection Mediates Protection Against UVB-Induced Skin Damage in Mice

References

• Bragazzi NL, Sellami M, Salem I, et al. Fasting and its impact on skin anatomy, physiology, and physiopathology: a comprehensive review of the literature. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):249. doi:10.3390/nu11020249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krutmann J, Bouloc A, Sore G, Bernard BA, Passeron T. The skin aging exposome. J Dermatol Scim. 2017;85(3):152–161. doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh M, Lee J, Kim YJ, Rhee WJ, Park JH. Exosomes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells ameliorate the aging of skin fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(6):1715. doi:10.3390/ijms19061715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battie C, Jitsukawa S, Bernerd F, Del Bino S, Marionnet C, Verschoore M. New insights in photoaging, UVA induced damage and skin types. Exp Dermatol. 2014;23(Suppl 1):7–12. doi:10.1111/exd.12388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho S, Kim HH, Lee MJ, et al. Phosphatidylserine prevents UV-induced decrease of type I procollagen and increase of MMP-1 in dermal fibroblasts and human skin in vivo. J Lipid Res. 2008;49(6):1235–1245. doi:10.1194/jlr.M700581-JLR200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann L. Skin ageing and its treatment. J Pathol. 2007;211(2):241–251. doi:10.1002/path.2098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akase T, Nagase T, Huang L, et al. Aging-like skin changes induced by ultraviolet irradiation in an animal model of metabolic syndrome. Biol Res Nurs. 2012;14(2):180–187. doi:10.1177/1099800411401013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poddar SK, Sifat AE, Haque S, Nahid NA, Chowdhury S, Mehedi I. Nicotinamide mononucleotide: exploration of diverse therapeutic applications of a potential molecule. Biomolecules. 2019;9(1):34. doi:10.3390/biom9010034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini L, Vafaee MS, Badalzadeh R. Melatonin and nicotinamide mononucleotide attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulation of mitochondrial function and hemodynamic parameters in aged rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2020;25(3):240–250. doi:10.1177/1074248419882002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Hu X, Yang Y, Takata T, Sakurai T. Nicotinamide mononucleotide protects against β-amyloid oligomer-induced cognitive impairment and neuronal death. Brain Res. 2016;1643:1–9. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshino J, Mills KF, Yoon MJ, Imai S. Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD (+) intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet- and age-induced diabetes in mice. Cell Metab. 2011;14(4):528–536. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.08.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grolla AA, Miggiano R, Di Marino D, et al. A nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-GAPDH interaction sustains the stress-induced NMN/NAD+ salvage pathway in the nucleus. J Biol Chem. 2020;295(11):3635–3651. doi:10.1074/jbc.RA119.010571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertoldo MJ, Listijono DR, Ho WJ, et al. NAD+ repletion rescues female fertility during reproductive aging. Cell Rep. 2020;30(6):1670–1681. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarantini S, Valcarcel-Ares MN, Toth P, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation rescues cerebromicrovascular endothelial function and neurovascular coupling responses and improves cognitive function in aged mice. Redox Biol. 2019;24:101192. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2019.101192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu J, Laybutt DR, Kim LJ, et al. Exercise-induced benefits on glucose handling in a model of diet-induced obesity are reduced by concurrent nicotinamide mononucleotide. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2021;321(1):E176–E189. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00446.2020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao C, Li W, Duan H, et al. NAD+ precursors protect corneal endothelial cells from UVB-induced apoptosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2020;318(4):C796–C805. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00445.2019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uddin GM, Youngson NA, Doyle BM, Sinclair DA, Morris MJ. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation ameliorates the impact of maternal obesity in mice: comparison with exercise. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):15063. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14866-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xie X, Yu C, Zhou J, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates the depression-like behaviors and is associated with attenuating the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics in depressed mice. J Affect Disord. 2020;263:166–174. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwaniec UT, Turner RT. Intraperitoneal injection of ethanol results in drastic changes in bone metabolism not observed when ethanol is administered by oral gavage. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013;37(8):1271–1277. doi:10.1111/acer.12105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugine SM, Brito P, Alba-Loureiro TC, Costa EJ, Curi R, De Melo MP. Effect of indole-3-acetic acid administration by gavage and by subcutaneous injection on rat leukocytes. Cell Biochem Funct. 2007;25(6):723–730. doi:10.1002/cbf.1383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou X, Du HH, Ni L, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide combined with lactobacillus fermentum TKSN041 reduces the photoaging damage in murine skin by activating AMPK signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:643089. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.643089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milton Prabu S, Shagirtha K, Renugadevi J. Quercetin in combination with vitamins (C and E) improves oxidative stress and renal injury in cadmium intoxicated rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2010;14:903–914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochiai Y, Kaburagi S, Obayashi K, et al. A new lipophilic pro-vitamin C, tetra-isopalmitoyl ascorbic acid (VC-IP), prevents UV-induced skin pigmentation through its anti-oxidative properties. J Dermatol Sci. 2006;44(1):37–44. doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sealey WM, Gatlin DM 3rd. Dietary vitamin C and vitamin E interact to influence growth and tissue composition of juvenile hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops (female) x M. saxatilis (male)) but have limited effects on immune responses. J Nutr. 2002;132(4):748–755. doi:10.1093/jn/132.4.748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleilevens C, Doorschodt BM, Fechter T, et al. Influence of vitamin C on antioxidant capacity of in vitro perfused porcine kidneys. Nutrients. 2019;11(8):1774. doi:10.3390/nu11081774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Che DN, Xie GH, Cho BO, Shin JY, Kang HJ, Jang SI. Protective effects of grape stem extract against UVB-induced damage in C57BL mice skin. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol. 2017;173:551–559. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi R, Zhang J, Sun P, Qian Y, Zhao X. Protective effects of kuding tea (Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng) polyphenols on UVB-induced skin aging in SKH1 hairless mice. Molecules. 2019;24(6):1016. doi:10.3390/molecules24061016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cejka C, Ardan T, Sirc J, et al. Hydration and transparency of the rabbit cornea irradiated with UVB-doses of 0.25 J/cm 2 and 0.5 J/cm 2 compared with equivalent UVB radiation exposure reaching the human cornea from sunlight. Curr Eye Res. 2011;36(7):607–613. doi:10.3109/02713683.2011.574332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irie J, Inagaki E, Fujita M, et al. Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men. Endocr J. 2020;67(2):153–160. doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ19-0313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chagas PM, Fulco B, Sari M, Roehrs JA, Nogueira CW. Bis(phenylimidazoselenazolyl) diselenide elicits antinociceptive effect by modulating myeloperoxidase activity, NOx and NFkB levels in the collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017;69(8):1022–1032. doi:10.1111/jphp.12738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong S, Lee B, Kim JH, et al. Solanum nigrum linne improves DNCB‑induced atopic dermatitis‑like skin disease in BALB/c mice. Mol Med Rep. 2020;22:2878–2886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Oliveira NF, Andia DC, Planello AC, et al. TLR2 and TLR4 gene promoter methylation status during chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(11):975–983. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01765.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Ni J, Li LJ, Leng RX, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Decreased UBASH3A mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Inflammation. 2015;38(5):1903–1910. doi:10.1007/s10753-015-0170-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian Y, Zhang J, Zhou X, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC11 isolated from Sichuan pickled cabbages antagonizes d-galactose-induced oxidation and aging in mice. Molecules. 2018;23(11):3026. doi:10.3390/molecules23113026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang R, Yang Z, Zhang J, Mu J, Zhou X, Zhao X. Liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice is prevented by the antioxidant capacity of anji white tea polyphenols. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019;8(3):64. doi:10.3390/antiox8030064
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilda JE, Gomes AV. Stain-free total protein staining is a superior loading control to β-actin for western blots. Anal Biochem. 2013;440(2):186–188. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2013.05.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey N, Giri S. Melatonin attenuates radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz)-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in germ cells of male Swiss albino mice. Toxicol Ind Health. 2018;34(5):315–327. doi:10.1177/0748233718758092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao X, Luo F, Zhao H, Franco JL. Cloves regulate Na+-K+-ATPase to exert antioxidant effect and inhibit UVB light-induced skin damage in mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:5197919. doi:10.1155/2021/5197919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park J, Halliday GM, Surjana D, Damian DL. Nicotinamide prevents ultraviolet radiation-induced cellular energy loss. Photochem Photobiol. 2010;86(4):942–948. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00746.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori Y, Aki K, Kuge K, et al. UV B-irradiation enhances the racemization and isomerizaiton of aspartyl residues and production of Nε-carboxymethyl lysine (CML) in keratin of skin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2011;879(29):3303–3309. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Her Y, Shin BN, Lee YL, et al. Oenanthe javanica extract protects mouse skin from UVB radiation via attenuating collagen disruption and inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(6):1435. doi:10.3390/ijms20061435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu CL, Qiang L, Han W, Ming M, Viollet B, He YY. Role of AMPK in UVB-induced DNA damage repair and growth control. Oncogene. 2013;32(21):2682–2689. doi:10.1038/onc.2012.279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauppinen A, Suuronen T, Ojala J, Kaarniranta K, Salminen A. Antagonistic crosstalk between NF-κB and SIRT1 in the regulation of inflammation and metabolic disorders. Cell Signal. 2013;25(10):1939–1948. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu KX, Wong CL, Ahmad R, Jantan I. Larvicidal activity, inhibition effect on development, histopathological alteration and morphological aberration induced by seaweed extracts in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2015;8(12):1006–1012. doi:10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.11.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kligman LH, Murphy GF. Ultraviolet B radiation increases hairless mouse mast cells in a dose-dependent manner and alters distribution of UV-induced mast cell growth factor. Photochem Photobiol. 1996;63(1):123–127. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb03002.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang JA, Yin Z, Ma LW, et al. The protective effect of baicalin against UVB irradiation induced photoaging: an in vitro and in vivo study. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e99703. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goerz G, Barnstorf W, Winnekendonk G, et al. Influence of UVA and UVB irradiation on hepatic and cutaneous P450 isoenzymes. Arch Dermatol Res. 1996;289(1):46–51. doi:10.1007/s004030050151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widel M, Krzywon A, Gajda K, Skonieczna M, Rzeszowska-Wolny J. Induction of bystander effects by UVA, UVB, and UVC radiation in human fibroblasts and the implication of reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014;68:278–287. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.12.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You Y, Gao Y, Wang H, et al. Subacute toxicity study of nicotinamide mononucleotide via oral administration. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:604404. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.604404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okatan DÖ, Kulaber A, Kerimoglu G, Odacı E. Altered morphology and biochemistry of the female rat liver following 900 megahertz electromagnetic field exposure during mid to late adolescence. Biotech Histochem. 2019;94(6):420–428.7. doi:10.1080/10520295.2019.1580767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terra VA, Souza-Neto FP, Pereira RC, et al. Time-dependent reactive species formation and oxidative stress damage in the skin after UVB irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2012;109:34–41. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Wei S, Xue X, You Y, Ma Q. Adipose stem cells’ antagonism in glycosylation of D-galactose-induced skin aging of nude mice and its skin recovery function. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2016;29(3):376–385. doi:10.1177/0394632016634348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J, Xu L, Yang L, Wang X. Epigallocatechin gallate is the most effective catechin against antioxidant stress via hydrogen peroxide and radical scavenging activity. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:8198–8206. doi:10.12659/MSM.911175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arsov S, Graaff R, van Oeveren W, et al. Advanced glycation end-products and skin autofluorescence in end-stage renal disease: a review. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2014;52(1):11–20. doi:10.1515/cclm-2012-0832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muramatsu S, Suga Y, Mizuno Y, et al. Differentiation-specific localization of catalase and hydrogen peroxide, and their alterations in rat skin exposed to ultraviolet B rays. J Dermatol Sci. 2005;37(3):151–158. doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.11.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farina M, Aschner M. Glutathione antioxidant system and methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity: an intriguing interplay. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2019;1863(12):129285. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.01.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman M, Kundu JK, Shin JW, Na HK, Surh YJ, Aggarwal BB. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits UVB-induced activation of NF-κB and expression of COX-2 and NOX-4 in HR-1 hairless mouse skin by blocking MSK1 signaling. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28065. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shats I, Williams JG, Liu J, et al. Bacteria boost mammalian host NAD metabolism by engaging the deamidated biosynthesis pathway. Cell Metab. 2020;31(3):564–579.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maurya PK, Prakash S. Decreased activity of Ca++-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase during aging in humans. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2013;170(1):131–137. doi:10.1007/s12010-013-0172-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf SJ, Estadt SN, Theros J, et al. Ultraviolet light induces increased T cell activation in lupus-prone mice via type I IFN-dependent inhibition of T regulatory cells. J Autoimmun. 2019;103:102291. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2019.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo G, Shi F, Zhu J, et al. Piperine, a functional food alkaloid, exhibits inhibitory potential against TNBS-induced colitis via the inhibition of IκB-α/NF-κB and induces tight junction protein (claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1) signaling pathway in experimental mice. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2020;39(4):477–491. doi:10.1177/0960327119892042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho BO, Yin HH, Park SH, Byun EB, Ha HY, Jang SI. Anti-inflammatory activity of myricetin from Diospyros lotus through suppression of NF-κB and STAT1 activation and Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2016;80(8):1520–1530. doi:10.1080/09168451.2016.1171697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pikarsky E, Porat RM, Stein I, et al. NF-kappaB functions as a tumour promoter in inflammation-associated cancer. Nature. 2004;431(7007):461–466. doi:10.1038/nature02924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Da Silva-ferrada E, Torres-Ramos M, Aillet F, et al. Role of monoubiquitylation on the control of IκBα degradation and NF-κB activity. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e25397. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Ngo H, Hwang E, et al. Conditioned medium from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell culture prevents UVB-induced skin aging in human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;21(1):49. doi:10.3390/ijms21010049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaiprasongsuk A, Janjetovic Z, Kim TK, et al. CYP11A1-derived vitamin D3 products protect against UVB-induced inflammation and promote keratinocytes differentiation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2020;155:87–98. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braidy N, Liu Y. NAD+ therapy in age-related degenerative disorders: a benefit/risk analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2020;132:110831. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.110831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karin M, Ben-Neriah Y. Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-[kappa]B activity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18(1):621–663. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoma A, Lightfoot AP. NF-kB and inflammatory cytokine signaling: role in skeletal muscle atrophy. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1088:267–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang M, Wang C, Wu J, et al. The effect and mechanism of KLF7 in the TLR4/NF-κB/IL-6 inflammatory signal pathway of adipocytes. Mediators Inflamm. 2018;2018:1756494. doi:10.1155/2018/1756494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zielinski CE, Mele F, Aschenbrenner D, et al. Pathogen-induced human TH17 cells produce IFN-γ or IL-10 and are regulated by IL-1β. Nature. 2012;484(7395):514–518. doi:10.1038/nature10957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu Q, Li L, Zou X, Xu L, Yi P. Berberine attenuated proliferation, invasion and migration by targeting the AMPK/HNF4α/WNT5A pathway in gastric carcinoma. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:1150. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits NF-κB signaling and inflammation: impact on healthspan and lifespan. J Mol Med (Berl). 2011;89(7):667–676. doi:10.1007/s00109-011-0748-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang P, Xu TY, Guan YF, et al. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase protects against ischemic stroke through SIRT1-dependent adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase pathway. Ann Neurol. 2011;69(2):360–374. doi:10.1002/ana.22236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He WY, Zhang B, Zhao WC, et al. mTOR activation due to APPL1 deficiency exacerbates hyperalgesia via Rab5/Akt and AMPK signaling pathway in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Pain. 2019;15:1744806919880643. doi:10.1177/1744806919880643
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang YL, Guo H, Zhang CS, et al. AMP as a low-energy charge signal autonomously initiates assembly of AXIN-AMPK-LKB1 complex for AMPK activation. Cell Metab. 2013;18(4):546–555. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia J, Abudu YP, Claude-Taupin A, et al. Galectins control MTOR and AMPK in response to lysosomal damage to induce autophagy. Autophagy. 2019;15:169–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao C, Lu S, Kivlin R, et al. AMP-activated protein kinase contributes to UV- and H2O2-induced apoptosis in human skin keratinocytes. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(43):28897–28908. doi:10.1074/jbc.M804144200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrasekaran K, Anjaneyulu M, Choi J, et al. Role of mitochondria in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: influencing the NAD+-dependent SIRT1-PGC-1α-TFAM pathway. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2019;145:177–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing R, Guo K, Zhong Y, et al. Protective effects of fucoidan purified from Undaria pinnatifida against UV-irradiated skin photoaging. Ann Transl Med. 2021;9(14):1185. doi:10.21037/atm-21-3668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim CJ, Lee YM, Kang SG, et al. Aquatide activation of SIRT1 reduces cellular senescence through a SIRT1-FOXO1-autophagy axis. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2017;25(5):511–518. doi:10.4062/biomolther.2017.119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar