Nursing and PharmD Undergraduate Students’ Attitude Toward the “Do Not Resuscitate” Order for Children with Terminally Ill Diseases

References

• World population data sheet. Washington DC: Population Reference Bureau; 2014. Available from: http://www.prb.org/pdf14/2014-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf. Accessed March 17, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Connor SR, Downing J, Marston J. Estimating the global need for palliative care for children: a cross-sectional analysis. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2017;53(2):171–177. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.08.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns JP, Truog RD. The DNR order after 40 years. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(6):504–506. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1605597
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettersson M, Hedstrom M, Hoglund AT. Striving for good nursing care: nurses’ experiences of do not resuscitate orders within oncology and hematology care. Nurs Ethics. 2014;21(8):902–915. doi:10.1177/0969733014533238
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silen M, Svantesson M, Ahlstrom G. Nurses’ conceptions of decision making concerning life-sustaining treatment. Nurs Ethics. 2008;15(2):160–173. doi:10.1177/0969733007086014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements M, Fuld J, Fritz Z. Documentation of resuscitation decision-making: a survey of practice in the United Kingdom. Resuscitation. 2014;85(5):606–611. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.02.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adhikari S, Rijal S. Attitude of doctors working in a tertiary hospital towards Do-not-resuscitate decisions. J Gen Pract Emerg Med Nepal. 2019;6(8):13–16.
   Google Scholar
• Naghshbandi S, Salmasi S, Parsian Z, Rahmani F. Attitude of nurses in intensive care units towards Do Not Resuscitate order. J Res Clin Med. 2019;7(4):122–128.
   Google Scholar
• Shayestefar S, Mardani-Hamooleh M, Kouhnavard M, Kadivar M. Ethical challenges in pediatrics from the viewpoints of Iranian pediatric residents. J Compr Ped. 2018;9(1).
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz JA. Innovation in pediatric surgery: the surgical innovation continuum and the ETHICAL model. J Pediatr Surg. 2014;49(4):639–645. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.12.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asemani O, Parsaei H. Decisionmaking on the prolongation of the life of severely diseased newborns: reinspection of criteria. Iranian J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2012;5(5):36–52.
   Google Scholar
• Salem A, Salem AF. Breaking bad news: current prospective and practical guideline for Muslim countries. J Cancer Educ. 2013;28(4):790–794. doi:10.1007/s13187-013-0523-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levin T, Li Y, Weiner J, Lewis F, Bartell A, Piercy J. How do-not-resuscitate orders are utilized in cancer patients: timing relative to death and communicating-training implications. Palliat Support Care. 2008;6(4):341–348. doi:10.1017/S1478951508000540
   Google Scholar
• Duplan KL, Pirret AM. Documentation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions in a New Zealand hospital: a prospective observational study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2016;37:75–81. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2016.06.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peimani M, Zahedi F, Larijani B. Do not resuscitate order across societies and the necessity of a national ethical guideline. Iranian J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2012;5(5):19–35.
   Google Scholar
• Izadikhah A, Changiz YN, Mirshahjafarey I. Developing codes of ethics for clinical medicine educators. Iranian J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2013;6(1):37–52.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen HI, Ammentorp J, Johannessen H, Ording H. Challenges in end-of-life decisions in the intensive care unit: an ethical perspective. J Bioeth Inq. 2013;10(1):93–101. doi:10.1007/s11673-012-9416-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mockford C, Fritz Z, George R, et al. Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) orders: a systematic review of the barriers and facilitators of decision-making and implementation. Resuscitation. 2015;88:99–113. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeil TA, Laryionava K, Reiter-Theil S, Hiddemann W, Winkler EC. What keeps oncologists from addressing palliative care early on with incurable cancer patients? An active stance seems key. Oncologist. 2015;20:56. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn MC. Attitudes of medical personnel toward do-not-resuscitate orders MS Dissertation. Long Beach: Department of Social Work, California State University; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Fallahi M, Banaderakhshan H, Abdi A, Borhani F, Kaviannezhad R, Karimpour HA. The Iranian physicians attitude toward the do not resuscitate order. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2016;9:279. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S105002
   Google Scholar
• Mahon MM, McAuley WJ. Oncology nurses’ personal understandings about palliative care. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2010;37(3):E141–E150. doi:10.1188/10.ONF.E141-E150
   Google Scholar
• Al-Mobeireek AF. Physicians’ attitudes towards ‘do-not-resuscitate’ orders for the elderly: a survey in Saudi Arabia. Arch Gerontol Geriat. 2000;30:151–160. doi:10.1016/S0167-4943(00)00047-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyilikci L, Erbayraktar S, Gökmen N, Ellidokuz H, Kara H, Günerli A. Practices of anaesthesiologists with regard to withholding and withdrawal of life support from the critically ill in Turkey. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2004;48:457–462. doi:10.1046/j.1399-6576.2003.00306.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varon J, Bisbal Z, Vargas B, Fromm RE, Tai DY. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation preferences among health professionals in Singapore. Crit Care Shock. 2004;7:219–225.
   Google Scholar
• Moghadas T, Momeni M, Baghaeei M, Ahmadi S. Intensive care unit of nurses’ attitudes toward euthanasia. Iranian J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2012;5:80–86.
   Google Scholar
• Rastegari-Najafabadi H, Sedaghat M, Saeedi Tehrani S, Aramesh K. Nurses’ attitudes Tehran of Medical University hospitals towards euthanasia. Iranian J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2010;3:37–44.
   Google Scholar
• Tavosian A, Sedaghat M, Aramesh K. Attitudes of interns Tehran University of medical sciences towards euthanasia. Iranian J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2009;3:43–51.
   Google Scholar
• Takrouri M, Halwani T. An Islamic medical and legal prospective of do not resuscitate order in critical care medicine. Internet J Health. 2008;7:12–16.
   Google Scholar
• Sarhill N, LeGrand S, Islambouli R, Davis MP, Walsh D. The terminally ill Muslim: death and dying from the Muslim perspective. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2001;18:251–255. doi:10.1177/104990910101800409
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zahedi F, Larijani B, Tavakoly Bazzaz J. End of life ethical Issues and Islamic views. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007;6:5–15.
   Google Scholar
• Zahedi F, Larijani B. Cancer ethics from the Islamic point of view. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007;6:17–24.
   Google Scholar
• Zarghami M, Valaie N, Sartakhti AA, Mehraban M, Mahmoudi R, Moonesi FS. Attitudes of Iranian interns and residents towards euthanasia. World Appl Sci J. 2010;8:486–489.
   Google Scholar
• Jung JY, Shin SY. Awareness and ethical attitudes about DNR of emergency department students: differences in recognition according to bioethics education. 한국산학기술학회 논문지. 2014;15(2):1074–1082. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Emami-Razavi S, Ghajarzadeh M, Oryani S, Askari F, Jalilian R, Azizi S. Perspectives of Iranian medical nurses about do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders. Acad J Surg. 2014;1(3–4):49–51.
   Google Scholar
• Hileli I, Weyl Ben Arush M, Hakim F, Postovsky S. Association between religious and socio‐economic background of parents of children with solid tumors and DNR orders. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014;61(2):265–268. doi:10.1002/pbc.24712
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Nurses Association. Nurses’ roles and responsibilities in providing care and support at the end of life. Revised Position Statement. 2016;3(2).
   Google Scholar
• Luce M, White B. The pressure to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining therapy from critically ill patients in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175(11):1104–1108. doi:10.1164/rccm.200609-1397CP
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. WHOQOL: measuring quality of life. Health statistics and information systems [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2018. [cited August 15, 2018]. Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/whoqol-qualityoflife/en/.
   Google Scholar