References
- Li G, Liu X, Dodge CT, et al. A noise power spectrum study of a new model-based iterative reconstruction system: veo 3.0. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2016;17(5):428–439. doi:10.1120/jacmp.v17i5.6225
- ACR. ACR–AAPM–SPR practice parameter for diagnostic reference levels and achievable doses in medical X-ray imaging. ACR: Hong Kong, China; 2018.
- Kanal KM, Butler PF, Sengupta D, et al. U.S. diagnostic reference levels and achievable doses for 10 adult CT examinations. Radiology. 2017;284(1):120–133. doi:10.1148/radiol.2017161911
- Maguire S, Gilligan P, McCoubrey B, et al. The use of siemens teamplay™ in establishing cardiac CT diagnostic reference levels. Poster presented at: European Congress of Radiology (ECR); 2019.
- Hu X, Gou J, Lin W, et al. Size-specific dose estimates of adult, chest computed tomography examinations: comparison of Chinese and updated 2017 American college of radiology diagnostic reference levels based on the water-equivalent diameter. PLoS One. 2021;16(9):e0257294. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257294
- Veen A. Teamplay – streamline clinical operations to unlock productivity gains. Erlangen, Germany: Siemens Healthineers; 2020. Available from: https://www.magnetomworld.siemens-healthineers.com/clinical-corner/case-studies/teamplay-streamline-clinical-operations.html. Accessed September 22, 2022.
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority: Medical Devices Sector. National Diagnostic Reference Levels (NDRL) Computed Tomography (CT) – adult; 2021. Available from: https://sfda.gov.sa/sites/default/files/2020-08/%28NDRL%29En.pdf. Accessed April 30, 2022.
- Commenges D, Moreau T. Comparative efficiency of a survival-based case-control design and a random selection cohort design. Stat Med. 1991;10(11):1775–1782. doi:10.1002/sim.4780101114
- Lazcano G, Papuzinski C, Madrid E, Arancibia M. General concepts in biostatistics and clinical epidemiology: observational studies with cohort design. Medwave. 2019;19(11):e7748. doi:10.5867/medwave.2019.11.7748
- Qurashi AA, Rainford LA, Foley SJ. Establishment of diagnostic reference levels for CT trunk examinations in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2015;167(4):569–575. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu343
- Foley SJ, McEntee MF, Rainford LA. Establishment of CT diagnostic reference levels in Ireland. Br J Radiol. 2012;85(1018):1390–1397. doi:10.1259/bjr/15839549
- Shrimpon P, Hiller M, Lewis M, et al. National survey of doses from CT in the UK. Br J Radiol. 2006;79:968–980. doi:10.1259/bjr/93277434
- European Commission. Radiation protection N° 180. diagnostic reference levels in thirty-six European countries. Luxembourg: European Union; 2014. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/RP180%20part2.pdf. Accessed May 21, 2022.
- Katsura M, Sato J, Akahane M, et al. Current and novel techniques for metal artifact reduction at CT: practical guide for radiologists. Radiographics. 2018;38(2):450–461. doi:10.1148/rg.2018170102
- World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19. Geneva: Switzerland; 2020.
- Sharperson C, Hanna TN, Herr KD, et al. The effect of COVID-19 on emergency department imaging: what can we learn? Emerg Radiol. 2021;28(2):339–347. doi:10.1007/s10140-020-01889-9
- Houshyar R, Tran-Harding K, Glavis-Bloom J, et al. Effect of shelter-in-place on emergency department radiology volumes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerg Radiol. 2020;27(6):781–784. doi:10.1007/s10140-020-01797-y
- Naidich JJ, Boltyenkov A, Wang JJ, et al. Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on imaging case volumes. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020;17:865–872. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.004
- Alelyani M, Alghamdi A, Shubayr N, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical imaging case volumes in Aseer region: a retrospective study. Medicines. 2021;8:70. doi:10.3390/medicines8110070
- essential requirements for medical radiation protection programs. Available from: https://sfda.gov.sa/sites/default/files/2021-01/Essential%20Requirements%20for%20Medical%20Radiation%20Protection%20Program%20%285%29%20En.pdf. Accessed April 30, 2022.
- Söderberg M. Overview, practical tips and potential pitfalls of using automatic exposure control in CT: siemens CARE dose 4D. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2016;169(1–4):84–91. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncv459
- Vorona G, Zuccoli G, Sutcavage T, et al. The use of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction in pediatric head CT: a feasibility study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;34(1):205–211. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3122
- American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). AAPM position statement on the use of bismuth shielding for the purpose of dose reduction in CT scanning. PP 26-A. AAPM; 2012. Available from: https://www.aapm.org/publicgeneral/BismuthShielding.pdf. Accessed May 21, 2022.
- Christianson O, Li X, Frush D, et al. Automated size-specific CT dose monitoring program: assessing variability in CT dose. Med Phys. 2012;39(11):7131–7139. doi:10.1118/1.4761871
- Medicine AAoPi. Size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in pediatric and adult body CT examinations. AAPM Rep. 2011;204:1–30.
- Anam C, Haryanto F, Widita R, et al. Volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) for tube current modulation (TCM) in CT scanning. Int J Radiat Res. 2018;16:289–297.
- Xu J, Wang X, Yang P, et al. Size-specific dose estimates of radiation based on body weight and body mass index for chest and abdomen-pelvic cts. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:6046501. doi:10.1155/2020/6046501