Cancer Immunotherapy and Medical Imaging Research Trends from 2003 to 2023: A Bibliometric Analysis

References

• Worldwide cancer incidence statistics. Cancer Research UK. Available from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/worldwide-cancer/incidence. Accessed October 18, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Hodi FS, O’Day SJ, McDermott DF, et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(8):711–723. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1003466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frelaut M, du Rusquec P, de Moura A, Le Tourneau C, Borcoman E. Pseudoprogression and hyperprogression as new forms of response to immunotherapy. BioDrugs Clin Immunother Biopharm Gene Ther. 2020;34(4):463–476. doi:10.1007/s40259-020-00425-y
   Google Scholar
• Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(20):1894–1905. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1915745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenfeld AJ, Rizvi HA, Memon D, et al. Systemic and Oligo-Acquired Resistance to PD-(L)1 blockade in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res off J Am Assoc Cancer Res. 2022;28(17):3797–3803. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-0657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenfeld AJ, Hellmann MD. Acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Cell. 2020;37(4):443–455. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donnell JS, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Teng MWL, Smyth MJ. Resistance to PD1/PDL1 checkpoint inhibition. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;52:71–81. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain S, Mubeen I, Ullah N, et al. Modern diagnostic imaging technique applications and risk factors in the medical field: a review. BioMed Res Int. 2022;2022:5164970. doi:10.1155/2022/5164970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berz AM, Boughdad S, Vietti-Violi N, et al. Imaging assessment of toxicity related to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1133207. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133207
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• García-Figueiras R, Baleato-González S, Luna A, et al. Assessing immunotherapy with functional and molecular imaging and radiomics. Radiogr Rev Publ Radiol Soc N Am Inc. 2020;40(7):1987–2010. doi:10.1148/rg.2020200070
   Google Scholar
• Hughes DJ, Subesinghe M, Taylor B, et al. 18F FDG PET/CT and novel molecular imaging for directing immunotherapy in cancer. Radiology. 2022;304(2):246–264. doi:10.1148/radiol.212481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Yang X, Wang J, et al. Metabolic tumor volume measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT is associated with the survival of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus molecular targeted agents. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2023;10:587–598. doi:10.2147/JHC.S401647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Zhao Y, Liu X, Huang J. Artificial intelligence for prediction of response to cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;87:137–147. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamet P, Tremblay J. Artificial intelligence in medicine. Metabolism. 2017;69S:S36–S40. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang R, Wang C, Cui K, et al. Prognostic role of computed tomography textural features in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving stereotactic body radiotherapy. Cancer Manag Res. 2019;11:9921–9930. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S220587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishino M, Giobbie-Hurder A, Gargano M, Suda M, Ramaiya NH, Hodi FS. Developing a common language for tumor response to immunotherapy: immune-related response criteria using unidimensional measurements. Clin Cancer Res off J Am Assoc Cancer Res. 2013;19(14):3936–3943. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson DJ, Eroglu Z, Brockstein B, et al. Pembrolizumab plus ipilimumab following anti-PD-1/L1 failure in melanoma. J Clin Oncol off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2021;39(24):2647–2655. doi:10.1200/JCO.21.00079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodi FS, Ballinger M, Lyons B, et al. Immune-Modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (imRECIST): refining guidelines to assess the clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy. J Clin Oncol off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2018;36(9):850–858. doi:10.1200/JCO.2017.75.1644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chhabra N, Kennedy J. A review of cancer immunotherapy toxicity: immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Med Toxicol off J Am Coll Med Toxicol. 2021;17(4):411–424. doi:10.1007/s13181-021-00833-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang DY, Salem JE, Cohen JV, et al. Fatal toxic effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(12):1721–1728. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.3923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer Oxf Engl 1990. 2009;45(2):228–247. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin J, Wan Y, Shu Q, Liu J, Lai D. Knowledge mapping and research trends of IL-33 from 2004 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1158323. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu S, Sun YP, Gao XL, Sui Y. Knowledge domain and emerging trends in Alzheimer’s disease: a scientometric review based on CiteSpace analysis. Neural Regen Res. 2019;14(9):1643–1650. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.255995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai P, Xu S, Xue JH, Zhang HZ, Zhong YM, Liao YL. Current hotspot and study trend of innate immunity in COVID-19: a bibliometric analysis from 2020 to 2022. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1135334. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao J, Yu X, Chen J, et al. Knowledge mapping of autophagy in osteoarthritis from 2004 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1063018. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1063018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen H, Wang L, Zhang Y, Huang G, Liu B. Knowledge mapping of image-guided tumor ablation and immunity: a bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1073681. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1073681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen C, Hu Z, Liu S, Tseng H. Emerging trends in regenerative medicine: a scientometric analysis in CiteSpace. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(5):593–608. doi:10.1517/14712598.2012.674507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geschwind MD, Tan KM, Lennon VA, et al. Voltage-gated potassium channel autoimmunity mimicking creutzfeldt-jakob disease. Arch Neurol. 2008;65(10):1341–1346. doi:10.1001/archneur.65.10.1341
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tian Y, Abu-Sbeih H, Wang Y. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Induced Hepatitis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;995:159–164. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02505-2_8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanagan EP, Keegan BM. Paraneoplastic myelopathy. Neurol Clin. 2013;31(1):307–318. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2012.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Nuallain B, Hrncic R, Wall JS, Weiss DT, Solomon A. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of amyloid-reactive IgG antibodies contained in human sera. J Immunol Baltim Md 1950. 2006;176(11):7071–7078. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.7071
   Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Zhao H, Huang Y, Sun G, Zhang Y. Microenvironment-activatable cascaded responsive carbonized polymer dots as a theranostic platform for precise rapamycin delivery to potentiate the synergy of chemotherapy and γδ T cells-mediated immunotherapy against tumor. Appl Mater Today. 2022;26:101364. doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101364
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigurdsson EM. Tau immunotherapy and imaging. Neurodegener Dis. 2014;13(2–3):103–106. doi:10.1159/000354491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Js W, Sj K, P M, et al. 2006; Radioimaging of light chain amyloid with a fibril-reactive monoclonal antibody. J Nucl Med off Publ Soc Nucl Med. 47(12):2016–2024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan Y, Volkmer JP, Mach KE, et al. Endoscopic molecular imaging of human bladder cancer using a CD47 antibody. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6(260):260ra148. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3009457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McArthur GA, Mohr P, Ascierto PA, et al. Health care resource utilization and associated costs among metastatic cutaneous melanoma patients treated with Ipilimumab (INTUITION Study). oncologist. 2017;22(8):951–962. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng R, Sun W, Huang X, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient MRI shows association with early progression of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with combined targeted-immunotherapy. J Magn Reson Imaging JMRI. 2023;57(1):275–284. doi:10.1002/jmri.28214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G C, R A, Dp C, et al. Non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primer. 2015:1. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Puma D, Llufriu S, Sepúlveda M, et al. Long-term follow-up of immunotherapy-unresponsive recurrent tumefactive demyelination. J Neurol Sci. 2015;352(1–2). doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.03.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalmau J. The case for autoimmune neurology. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation. 2017;4(4):e373. doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamal R, Goodwin RA, Tu D, Walsh W, Lacombe D, Eisenhauer EA. Performance of multinomial designs in comparison with response-based designs in non-randomized Phase II trials of targeted cancer agents. Ann Oncol off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2013;24(7):1936–1942. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauci ML, Lanoy E, Champiat S, et al. Long-term survival in patients responding to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and disease outcome upon treatment discontinuation. Clin Cancer Res off J Am Assoc Cancer Res. 2019;25(3):946–956. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N J, W X, Km W, et al. Pneumonitis in patients treated with anti-programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 therapy. J Clin Oncol off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2017;35(7). doi:10.1200/JCO.2016.68.2005
   Google Scholar
• Krajewski KM, Nishino M, Ramaiya NH, Choueiri TK. RECIST 1.1 compared with RECIST 1.0 in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;204(3):W282–W288. doi:10.2214/AJR.14.13236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang LS, Barroso-Sousa R, Tolaney SM, Hodi FS, Kaiser UB, Min L. Endocrine toxicity of cancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(1):17–65. doi:10.1210/er.2018-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ds S, R A. The evolution of checkpoint blockade as a cancer therapy: what’s here, what’s next? Curr Opin Immunol. 2015;33. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidoo J, Zhang J, Lipson EJ, et al. A multidisciplinary toxicity team for cancer immunotherapy-related adverse events. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw JNCCN. 2019;17(6):712–720. doi:10.6004/jnccn.2018.7268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klunk WE, Engler H, Nordberg A, et al. Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease with Pittsburgh Compound-B. Ann Neurol. 2004;55(3):306–319. doi:10.1002/ana.20009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicoll JAR, Wilkinson D, Holmes C, Steart P, Markham H, Weller RO. Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-β peptide: a case report. Nat Med. 2003;9(4):448–452. doi:10.1038/nm840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mintun MA, LaRossa GN, Sheline YI, et al. [11C]PIB in a nondemented population. Neurology. 2006;67(3):446–452. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000228230.26044.a4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber JS, D’Angelo SP, Minor D, et al. Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, Phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(4):375–384. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70076-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topalian SL, Sznol M, McDermott DF, et al. Survival, durable tumor remission, and long-term safety in patients with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(10):1020–1030. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.53.0105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun R, Limkin EJ, Vakalopoulou M, et al. A radiomics approach to assess tumour-infiltrating CD8 cells and response to anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy: an imaging biomarker, retrospective multicohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(9):1180–1191. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30413-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haanen JB, Carbonnel F, Robert C, et al. Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up†. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:iv119–iv142. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdx225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brahmer JR, Lacchetti C, Schneider BJ, et al. Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(17):1714–1768. doi:10.1200/JCO.2017.77.6385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensch F, van der Veen EL, Lub-de Hooge MN, et al. 89Zr-atezolizumab imaging as a non-invasive approach to assess clinical response to PD-L1 blockade in cancer. Nat Med. 2018;24(12):1852–1858. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0255-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour L, Bogaerts J, Perrone A, et al. iRECIST: guidelines for response criteria for use in trials testing immunotherapeutics. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(3):e143–e152. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30074-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho SY, Lipson EJ, Im HJ, et al. Prediction of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy using early-time-point 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in patients with advanced melanoma. J Nucl Med. 2017;58(9):1421–1428. doi:10.2967/jnumed.116.188839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambin P, Leijenaar RTH, Deist TM, et al. Radiomics: the bridge between medical imaging and personalized medicine. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2017;14(12):749–762. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidoo J, Wang X, Woo KM, et al. Pneumonitis in patients treated with anti–programmed death-1/programmed death Ligand 1 therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2016. doi:10.1200/JCO.2016.68.2005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reck M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG, et al. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1–positive non–small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1823–1833. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1606774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi L, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Gadgeel S, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(22):2078–2092. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1801005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saltz J, Gupta R, Hou L, et al. Spatial organization and molecular correlation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes using deep learning on pathology images. Cell Rep. 2018;23(1):181–193.e7. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandit-Taskar N, Postow MA, Hellmann MD, et al. First-in-humans imaging with 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C anti-CD8 minibody in patients with solid malignancies: preliminary pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and lesion targeting. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(4):512–519. doi:10.2967/jnumed.119.229781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito K, Teng R, Schöder H, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT for monitoring of ipilimumab therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Nucl Med. 2019;60(3):335–341. doi:10.2967/jnumed.118.213652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos-Casals M, Brahmer JR, Callahan MK, et al. Immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Rev Dis Primer. 2020;6(1):1–21. doi:10.1038/s41572-020-0160-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribas A, Wolchok JD. Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade. Science. 2018;359(6382):1350–1355. doi:10.1126/science.aar4060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Y, Luo J, Wang X, et al. Emerging trends on the correlation between neurotransmitters and tumor progression in the last 20 years: a bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace. Front Oncol. 2022;12:800499. doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.800499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicentin I, Mosconi C, Garanzini E, et al. Inter-center agreement of mRECIST in transplanted patients for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(12):8903–8912. doi:10.1007/s00330-021-08088-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoki T, Nishida N, Ueshima K, et al. Higher enhancement intrahepatic nodules on the hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI as a poor responsive marker of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer. 2021;10(6):615–628. doi:10.1159/000518048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki R, Nagata K, Fukushima M, et al. Evaluating the role of hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in predicting treatment impact of lenvatinib and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab on unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers. 2022;14(3):827. doi:10.3390/cancers14030827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Hulst HJ, Vos JL, Tissier R, et al. Quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging analyses to predict response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck carcinoma. Cancers. 2022;14(24):6235. doi:10.3390/cancers14246235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue K, Liu L, Liu Y, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Zhang M. Radiomics model based on multi-sequence MR images for predicting preoperative immunoscore in rectal cancer. Radiol Med. 2022;127(7):702–713. doi:10.1007/s11547-022-01507-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong XQ, Liu N, Tao YY, et al. Radiomics models based on multisequence MRI for predicting PD-1/PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):7710. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34763-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tremblay ML, O’Brien-Moran Z, Rioux JA, et al. Quantitative MRI cell tracking of immune cell recruitment to tumors and draining lymph nodes in response to anti-PD-1 and a DPX-based immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology. 2020;9(1):1851539. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2020.1851539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekaban GA, Hamilton AM, Fink CA, et al. Tracking and evaluation of dendritic cell migration by cellular magnetic resonance imaging. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2013;5(5):469–483. doi:10.1002/wnan.1227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu C, Zhu W, Jin R, Ai H, Xu Y. The MRI-Visible nanocomposite facilitates the delivery and tracking of siRNA loaded DC vaccine in the breast cancer model. Front Oncol. 2020;10:621642. doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.621642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dercle L, Sun S, Seban RD, et al. Emerging and evolving concepts in cancer immunotherapy imaging. Radiology. 2023;306(1):32–46. doi:10.1148/radiol.210518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nensa F, Demircioglu A, Rischpler C. Artificial intelligence in nuclear medicine. J Nucl Med off Publ Soc Nucl Med. 2019;60(Suppl 2):29S–37S. doi:10.2967/jnumed.118.220590
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• D’Angelo T, Caudo D, Blandino A, et al. Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning in musculoskeletal imaging: current applications. J Clin Ultrasound. 2022;50(9):1414–1431. doi:10.1002/jcu.23321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra K, Leng T. Artificial intelligence and ophthalmic surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2021;32(5):425–430. doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambin P, Rios-Velazquez E, Leijenaar R, et al. Radiomics: extracting more information from medical images using advanced feature analysis. Eur J Cancer Oxf Engl 1990. 2012;48(4):441–446. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2011.11.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trebeschi S, Drago SG, Birkbak NJ, et al. Predicting response to cancer immunotherapy using noninvasive radiomic biomarkers. Ann Oncol off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2019;30(6):998–1004. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdz108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granata V, Fusco R, Costa M, et al. Preliminary report on computed tomography radiomics features as biomarkers to immunotherapy selection in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Cancers. 2021;13(16):3992. doi:10.3390/cancers13163992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hectors SJ, Lewis S, Besa C, et al. MRI radiomics features predict immuno-oncological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(7):3759–3769. doi:10.1007/s00330-020-06675-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou LQ, Wang JY, Yu SY, et al. Artificial intelligence in medical imaging of the liver. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(6):672–682. doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i6.672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian P, He B, Mu W, et al. Assessing PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer and predicting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors using deep learning on computed tomography images. Theranostics. 2021;11(5):2098–2107. doi:10.7150/thno.48027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He B, Dong D, She Y, et al. Predicting response to immunotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer using tumor mutational burden radiomic biomarker. J Immunother Cancer. 2020;8(2):e000550. doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-000550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilotta MT, Antignani A, Fitzgerald DJ. Managing the TME to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. Front Immunol. 2022;13:954992. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.954992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Zhang Z. The history and advances in cancer immunotherapy: understanding the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their therapeutic implications. Cell Mol Immunol. 2020;17(8):807–821. doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0488-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Y, Zhou K, Sun Z, et al. Non-invasive tumor microenvironment evaluation and treatment response prediction in gastric cancer using deep learning radiomics. Cell Rep Med. 2023;4(8):101146. doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101146
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sun Z, Zhang T, Ahmad MU, et al. Comprehensive assessment of immune context and immunotherapy response via noninvasive imaging in gastric cancer. J Clin Invest. 2024;134(6):e175834. doi:10.1172/JCI175834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen Q, Yang Z, Zhu J, et al. Pretreatment CT-based radiomics signature as a potential imaging biomarker for predicting the expression of PD-L1 and CD8+TILs in ESCC. Oncol Targets Ther. 2020;13:12003–12013. doi:10.2147/OTT.S261068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iravani A, Osman MM, Weppler AM, et al. FDG PET/CT for tumoral and systemic immune response monitoring of advanced melanoma during first-line combination ipilimumab and nivolumab treatment. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020;47(12):2776–2786. doi:10.1007/s00259-020-04815-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billan S, Kaidar-Person O, Gil Z. Treatment after progression in the era of immunotherapy. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(10):e463–e476. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30328-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang Y, Tang W, Wang J, Wang Z, Bi N. Pseudoprogression of thoracic tumor after radiotherapy in the era of immunotherapy: a case series. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1021253. doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1021253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akhoundova D, Hiltbrunner S, Mader C, et al. 18F-FET PET for diagnosis of pseudoprogression of brain metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Nucl Med. 2020;45(2):113–117. doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000002890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemeijer AN, Leung D, Huisman MC, et al. Whole body PD-1 and PD-L1 positron emission tomography in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):4664. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07131-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natarajan A, Mayer AT, Xu L, Reeves RE, Gano J, Gambhir SS. Novel radiotracer for ImmunoPET imaging of PD-1 checkpoint expression on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Bioconjug Chem. 2015;26(10):2062–2069. doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung K-H, Lee JH, Kim M, Cho YS, Lee K-H, Azhdarinia A. 89 Zr immuno-PET imaging of tumor PD-1 reveals that PMA upregulates lymphoma PD-1 through NFκB and JNK signaling. Mol Imaging. 2022;2022:5916692. doi:10.1155/2022/5916692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterjee S, Lesniak WG, Nimmagadda S. Noninvasive imaging of immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1 in tumors and metastases for guiding immunotherapy. Mol Imaging. 2017;16:1536012117718459. doi:10.1177/1536012117718459
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai R, Chen N, Li L, et al. Mechanisms of Cancer Resistance to Immunotherapy. Front Oncol. 2020;10:1290. doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.01290
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheng J, Pan Y, Huang W, et al. Differentiation between immune checkpoint inhibitor-related and radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer by CT radiomics and machine learning. Med Phys. 2022;49(3):1547–1558. doi:10.1002/mp.15451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurokawa R, Ota Y, Gonoi W, et al. MRI findings of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis: possible association with fibrosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020;41(9):1683–1689. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schierz JH, Sarikaya I, Wollina U, Unger L, Sarikaya A. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse effects and 18F-FDG PET/CT findings. J Nucl Med Technol. 2021;49(4):324–329. doi:10.2967/jnmt.121.262151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang M, Herbst RS, Boshoff C. Toward personalized treatment approaches for non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat Med. 2021;27(8):1345–1356. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01450-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almansour H, Afat S, Serna-Higuita LM, et al. Early tumor size reduction of at least 10% at the first follow-up computed tomography can predict survival in the setting of advanced melanoma and immunotherapy. Acad Radiol. 2022;29(4):514–522. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2021.04.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mei J, Li SH, Li QJ, et al. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy improves the efficacy of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2021;8:167–176. doi:10.2147/JHC.S298538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid P, Rugo HS, Adams S, et al. Atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment for unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (IMpassion130): updated efficacy results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(1):44–59. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30689-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baraibar I, Mirallas O, Saoudi N, et al. Combined treatment with immunotherapy-based strategies for MSS metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancers. 2021;13(24):6311. doi:10.3390/cancers13246311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar