Disparities in Healthcare-Seeking Behavior and Decision Preference Among Hispanics: A Comparative Study Across Races/Ethnicities, SES, and Provider Types

References

• Hispanic/Latino - The Office of Minority Health. Available from: https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=64. Accessed August 6, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Campos CL, Rodriguez CJ. High blood pressure in Hispanics in the United States: a review. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2019;34(4):350. doi:10.1097/HCO.0000000000000636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fei K, Rodriguez-Lopez JS, Ramos M. Racial and Ethnic Subgroup Disparities in Hypertension Prevalence, New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2014. Prev Chronic Dis. 2017;14. 10.5888/pcd14.160478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein R, Klein BEK. The Prevalence of Age-Related Eye Diseases and Visual Impairment in Aging: current Estimates. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(14):ORSF5–ORSF13. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overweight. Obesity Statistics - NIDDK. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Accessed March. 2024;10:1.
   Google Scholar
• Branch B, Conway D Health Insurance Coverage by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2021; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Findling MG, Bleich SN, Casey LS, et al. Discrimination in the United States: experiences of Latinos. Health Serv Res. 2019:54(S2):1409–1418. 10.1111/1475-6773.13216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Academies of Sciences E, Division H and M, Practice B on PH and PH. The State of Health Disparities in the United States. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity. National Academies Press (US). 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/.
   Google Scholar
• Yearby R. Racial Disparities in Health Status and Access to Healthcare: the Continuation of Inequality in the United States Due to Structural Racism. Am J Econ Sociol. 2018;77(3–4):1113–1152. doi:10.1111/ajes.12230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMaughan DJ, Oloruntoba O, Smith ML. Socioeconomic Status and Access to Healthcare: interrelated Drivers for Healthy Aging. Front Public Health. 2020;8:231. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezeonwu MC. Specialty-care access for community health clinic patients: processes and barriers. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2018;11:109–119. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S152594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulliford M, Figueroa-Munoz J, Morgan M, et al. What does “access to health care” mean? J Health Serv Res Policy. 2002;7(3):186–188. doi:10.1258/135581902760082517
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ellis RJ, Yuce TK, Hewitt DB, et al. National Evaluation of Patient Preferences in Selecting Hospitals and Healthcare Providers. Med Care. 2020;58(10):867–873. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000001374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein BH, Marcus D, Cassidy W. Choosing a doctor: an exploratory study of factors influencing patients’ choice of a primary care doctor. J Eval Clin Pract. 2000;6(3):255–262. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2753.2000.00256.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu N, Finkelstein S, Kruk M, Rosenthal D. When Waiting to See a Doctor Is Less Irritating: understanding Patient Preferences and Choice Behavior in Appointment Scheduling. Manage Sci. 2017;64. doi:10.1287/mnsc.2016.2704
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozikowski A, Morton-Rias D, Mauldin S, Jeffery C, Kavanaugh K, Barnhill G. Choosing a Provider: what Factors Matter Most to Consumers and Patients? J Patient Exp. 2022;9:237437352210741. doi:10.1177/23743735221074175
   Google Scholar
• Lin C, Tu P, Parker T, Mella-Velazquez A, Bier B, Braund WE. The Influences of SES on Patient Choice of Doctor: a Systematic Review. Am J Prev Med. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2024.06.012
   Google Scholar
• Romaire MA. Use of Primary Care and Specialty Providers: findings from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35(7):2003–2009. doi:10.1007/s11606-020-05773-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franks P, Fiscella K. Primary care physicians and specialists as personal physicians: health care expenditures and mortality experience. J Fam Pract. 1998;47(2):105–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fradgley EA, Paul CL, Bryant J. A systematic review of barriers to optimal outpatient specialist services for individuals with prevalent chronic diseases: what are the unique and common barriers experienced by patients in high income countries? Int J Equity Health. 2015;14(1):52. doi:10.1186/s12939-015-0179-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kouyoumdjian H, Zamboanga BL, Hansen DJ. Barriers to community mental health services for Latinos: treatment considerations. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10(4):394–422. doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sripa P, Hayhoe B, Garg P, Majeed A, Greenfield G. Impact of GP gatekeeping on quality of care, and health outcomes, use, and expenditure: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. 2019;69(682):e294–e303. doi:10.3399/bjgp19X702209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai C, Gaffney A, McGregor A, et al. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Outpatient Visit Rates Across 29 Specialties. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(11):1525–1527. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.3771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorkin DH, Ngo-Metzger Q, De Alba I. Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in Health Care: impact on Perceived Quality of Care. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(5):390–396. doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1257-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWalt DA, Berkman ND, Sheridan S, Lohr KN, Pignone MP. Literacy and Health Outcomes. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19(12):1228–1239. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.40153.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sentell T, Braun KL. Low Health Literacy, Limited English Proficiency, and Health Status in Asians, Latinos, and Other Racial/Ethnic Groups in California. J Health Commun. 2012;17(sup3):82–99. doi:10.1080/10810730.2012.712621
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs RJ, Ownby RL, Acevedo A, Waldrop-Valverde D. A qualitative study examining health literacy and chronic illness self-management in Hispanic and non-Hispanic older adults. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2017;10:167–177. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S135370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misra S, Jackson VW, Chong J, et al. Systematic Review of Cultural Aspects of Stigma and Mental Illness among Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in the United States: implications for Interventions. Am J Community Psychol. 2021;68(3–4):486–512. doi:10.1002/ajcp.12516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mascayano F, Tapia T, Schilling S, et al. Stigma toward mental illness in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review. Braz J Psychiatry. 2016;38(1):73–85. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson K, Fullerton A. Residential Segregation, Health, and Health Care: answering the Latino Question. Race Soc Probl. 2014;6(3):262–279. doi:10.1007/s12552-014-9125-2
   Google Scholar
• Cabral J, Cuevas AG. Health Inequities Among Latinos/Hispanics: documentation Status as a Determinant of Health. J Racial Ethn Health Disp. 2020;7(5):874–879. doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00710-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyson A, Lopez MH 5 facts about Hispanic Americans and health care. Pew Research Center. Available from: https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/10/30/5-facts-about-hispanic-americans-and-health-care/. Accessed January 16, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Gaskin DJ, Dinwiddie GY, Chan KS, McCleary RR. Residential Segregation and the Availability of Primary Care Physicians. Health Serv Res. 2012;47(6):2353–2376. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01417.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu J, Clancy C.Racial disparity, primary care, and specialty referral. Health Serv Res. 2001;36(6):64–77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kristjansson E, Hogg W, Dahrouge S, Tuna M, Mayo-Bruinsma L, Gebremichael G. Predictors of relational continuity in primary care: patient, provider and practice factors. BMC Fam Pract. 2013;14(1):72. doi:10.1186/1471-2296-14-72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beal A, Hernandez S. Patient Reports of the Quality of Care in Community Health Centers: the Importance of Having a Regular Provider. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2010;21(2):591–605. doi:10.1353/hpu.0.0305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn RA. What is a social determinant of health? Back to basics. J Public Health Res. 2021;10(4):2324. doi:10.4081/jphr.2021.2324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Social Determinants of Health - Healthy People 2030 | health.gov. Available from: https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health. Accessed August 7, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Coffman MJ, Norton CK, Beene L. Diabetes symptoms, health literacy, and health care use in adult Latinos with diabetes risk factors. J Cult Divers. 2012;19(1):4–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Becerra BJ, Arias D, Becerra MB. Low Health Literacy among Immigrant Hispanics. J Racial Ethn Health Disp. 2017;4(3):480–483. doi:10.1007/s40615-016-0249-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvo R. Health Literacy and Quality of Care among Latino Immigrants in the United States. Health Soc Work. 2016;41(1):e44–e51. doi:10.1093/hsw/hlv076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theory of Reasoned Action - an overview | scienceDirect Topics. Available from: https://www-sciencedirect-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/theory-of-reasoned-action. Accessed September 22, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Smith AK, Sudore RL, Pérez-Stable EJ. Palliative Care for Latino Patients and Their Families: “Whenever We Prayed, She Wept. JAMA J Am Med Assoc. 2009;301(10):1047–E1. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo Marin B, Oliva R, Anandarajah G. Exploring the Beliefs, Values, and Understanding of Quality End-of-Life Care in the Latino Community: a Spanish-Language Qualitative Study. Am J Hosp Palliat Med. 2023;10499091231188693. doi:10.1177/10499091231188693
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz BI, Shields KM, Clauson KA, Clay PG. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Hispanics in the United States. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41(6):994–1004. doi:10.1345/aph.1H600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler AL, Mann ME, Martinez FJ, Yeh HW, Cowden JD. Cultural Health Beliefs and Practices Among Hispanic Parents. Clin Pediatr. 2022;61(1):56–65. doi:10.1177/00099228211059666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikhail N, Wali S, Ziment I. Use of Alternative Medicine Among Hispanics. J Altern Complement Med. 2004;10(5):851–859. doi:10.1089/acm.2004.10.851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewins-Maroney B, Schumaker A, Williams E. Health Seeking Behaviors of African Americans: implications for Health Administration. J Health Hum Serv Adm. 2005;28(1):68–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang AY, Snowden LR, Sue S. Differences between Asian and White Americans’ help seeking and utilization patterns in the Los Angeles area. J Community Psychol. 1998;26(4):317–326. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199807)26:4<317::AID-JCOP2>3.0.CO;2-Q
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanijahani A, Iezadi S, Gholipour K, Azami-Aghdash S, Naghibi D. A systematic review of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19. Int J Equity Health. 2021;20(1):248. doi:10.1186/s12939-021-01582-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murayama K, Usami S, Sakaki M. Summary-statistics-based power analysis: a new and practical method to determine sample size for mixed-effects modeling. Psychol Methods. 2022;27(6):1014–1038. doi:10.1037/met0000330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenth RV. Some Practical Guidelines for Effective Sample Size Determination. Am Stat. 2001;55(3):187–193. doi:10.1198/000313001317098149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States. Available from: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/RHI225222. Accessed December 6, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Musa D, Schulz R, Harris R, Silverman M, Thomas SB. Trust in the Health Care System and the Use of Preventive Health Services by Older Black and White Adults. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(7):1293–1299. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.123927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong K, Putt M, Halbert CH, et al. Prior Experiences of Racial Discrimination and Racial Differences in Health Care System Distrust. Med Care. 2013;51(2):144. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e31827310a1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becerra D, Androff D, Messing JT, Castillo J, Cimino A. Linguistic Acculturation and Perceptions of Quality, Access, and Discrimination in Health Care Among Latinos in the United States. Soc Work Health Care. 2015;54(2):134–157. doi:10.1080/00981389.2014.982267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg EM, Valenzuela-Araujo D, Zickafoose JS, Kieffer E, DeCamp LR. The “Battle” of Managing Language Barriers in Health Care. Clin Pediatr. 2016;55(14):1318–1327. doi:10.1177/0009922816629760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercado F, Mercado M, Myers N, Hewit M, Haller NA. Patient preferences in choosing a primary care physician. J Prim Care Community Health. 2012;3(2):125–131. doi:10.1177/2150131911421802
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freedman RA, Kouri EM, West DW, Keating NL. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Patients’ Selection of Surgeons and Hospitals for Breast Cancer Surgery. JAMA Oncol. 2015;1(2):222. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braveman P, Gottlieb L. The Social Determinants of Health: it’s Time to Consider the Causes of the Causes. Public Health Rep. 2014;129(Suppl 2):19–31. doi:10.1177/00333549141291S206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zajacova A, Lawrence EM. The relationship between education and health: reducing disparities through a contextual approach. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018;39(1):273–289. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044628
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lipton BJ, Decker SL. The effect of health insurance coverage on medical care utilization and health outcomes: evidence from Medicaid adult vision benefits. J Health Econ. 2015;44:320–332. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elam AR, Tseng VL, Rodriguez TM, Mike EV, Warren AK, Coleman AL. DISPARITIES IN VISION HEALTH AND EYE CARE. Ophthalmology. 2022;129(10):e89–e113. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.07.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace NT, Carlson MJ, Mosen DM, Snyder JJ, Wright BJ. The Individual and Program Impacts of Eliminating Medicaid Dental Benefits in the Oregon Health Plan. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(11):2144–2150. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley WJ. Health Disparities: gaps in Access, Quality and Affordability of Medical Care. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2012;123:167–174.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vanderbilt AA, Dail MD, Jaberi P. Reducing health disparities in underserved communities via interprofessional collaboration across health care professions. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2015;8:205–208. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S74129
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaguru G, Ayah R, Mutave R, Mugambi C. Integrating Oral Health into Primary Health Care: a Systematic Review of Oral Health Training in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2022;15:1361–1367. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S357863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boen C. The Role of Socioeconomic Factors in Black-White Health Inequities Across the Life Course: point-in-time Measures, Long-term Exposures, and Differential Health Returns. Soc Sci Med 1982. 2016;170:63–76. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.10.008
   Google Scholar
• Assari S, Nikahd A, Malekahmadi MR, Lankarani MM, Zamanian H. Race by Gender Group Differences in the Protective Effects of Socioeconomic Factors Against Sustained Health Problems Across Five Domains. J Racial Ethn Health Disp. 10.1007/s40615-016-0291-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assari S. The Benefits of Higher Income in Protecting against Chronic Medical Conditions Are Smaller for African Americans than Whites. Healthcare. 2018;6(1):2. doi:10.3390/healthcare6010002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yearby R, Clark B, Figueroa JF. Structural Racism In Historical And Modern US Health Care Policy. Health Aff. 2022;41(2):187–194. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar