432
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Current pain management strategies for patients with erythromelalgia: a critical review

&
Pages 1689-1698 | Published online: 30 Aug 2018

References

  • MørkCKverneboKErythromelalgia—A Mysterious Condition?Arch Dermatol2000136340640910724206
  • TangZChenZTangBJiangHPrimary erythromelalgia: a reviewOrphanet J Rare Dis201510112726419464
  • AlhadadAWollmerPSvenssonAErikssonKFErythromelalgia: Incidence and clinical experience in a single centre in SwedenVasa2012411434822247059
  • ReedKBDavisMDPIncidence of erythromelalgia: a population-based study in Olmsted County, MinnesotaJournal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology2009231131518713229
  • KalgaardOMSeemEKverneboKErythromelalgia: a clinical study of 87 casesJ Intern Med199724231911979350163
  • HeidrichHFunctional vascular diseases: Raynaud’s syndrome, acrocyanosis and erythromelalgiaVasa2010391334120186674
  • ParkerLKPonteCHowellKJOngVHDentonCPSchreiberBEClinical features and management of erythromelalgia: long-term follow-up of 46 casesClinical and Experimental Rheumatology201735808427494156
  • JohnsonEIyerPEanesAZolnounDErythema and Burning Pain in the Vulva: A Possible Phenotype of ErythromelalgiaCase Rep Med201120113 Article ID 374167
  • MesseguerFAgusti-MejiasAVilata CorellJJRequenaCAuricular erythromelalgia: report of a rare caseDermatol Online J20131916
  • KhanSAffleckAPeriodic facial erythema in a patient with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndromeClin Exp Dermatol201843110010228976015
  • Dib-HajjSDRushAMCumminsTRGain-of-function mutation in Nav1.7 in familial erythromelalgia induces bursting of sensory neuronsBrain200512881847185415958509
  • DavisMDPImmersion foot associated with the overuse of ice, cold water, and fans: a distinctive clinical presentation complicating the syndrome of erythromelalgiaJ Am Acad Dermatol201369116917123768296
  • KirbyRLErythromelalgia-not so benignArch Phys Med Rehabil198768389
  • Cook-NorrisRHTollefsonMMCruz-InigoAESandroniPDavisMDDavisDMPediatric erythromelalgia: a retrospective review of 32 cases evaluated at Mayo Clinic over a 37-year periodJ Am Acad Dermatol201266341642321798623
  • DavisMDPO’FallonWMRogersRSRookeTWNatural history of erythromelalgia - Presentation and outcome in 168 patientsArchives of Dermatology200013633033610724194
  • FribergDChenTTarrGvan RijAErythromelalgia? A clinical study of people who experience red, hot, painful feet in the communityInt J Vasc Med201320132 Article ID 864961
  • Dib-HajjSDYangYWaxmanSGGenetics and molecular pathophysiology of Na(v)1.7-related pain syndromesAdv Genet2008638511019185186
  • McdonnellASchulmanBAliZInherited erythromelalgia due to mutations in SCN9A: natural history, clinical phenotype and somatosensory profileBrain201613941052106526920677
  • DabbyRPain disorders and erythromelalgia caused by voltage-gated sodium channel mutationsCurr Neurol Neurosci Rep2012121768321984269
  • TanakaBSNguyenPTZhouEYGain-of-function mutation of a voltage-gated sodium channel Na V 1.7 associated with peripheral pain and impaired limb developmentJournal of Biological Chemistry2017292229262927228381558
  • ØrstavikKMørkCKverneboKJørumEPain in primary erythromelalgia—a neuropathic component?Pain2004110353153815288393
  • GenebrieraJMichaelsJDSandroniPDavisMDPResults of computer-assisted sensory evaluation in 41 patients with erythromelalgiaClin Exp Dermatol201237435035422369570
  • DavisMDPWeenigRHGenebrieraJWendelschafer-CrabbGKennedyWRSandroniPHistopathologic findings in primary erythromelalgia are nonspecific: Special studies show a decrease in small nerve fiber densityJ Am Acad Dermatol200655351952216908366
  • OaklanderAErythromelalgia: Small-Fiber Neuropathy by Any Other Name?Pediatrics20051161293294
  • DavisMDSandroniPRookeTWLowPAErythromelalgia: vasculopathy, neuropathy, or both? A prospective study of vascular and neurophysiologic studies in erythromelalgiaArch Dermatol20031391337134314568838
  • DavisMDPSandroniPHarperCMNeurophysiologic and vascular studies in erythromelalgia: A retrospective analysisJournal of Investigative Dermatology1998110590
  • ThamSWLiLEffraimPWaxmanSBetween fire and ice: refractory hypothermia and warmth-induced pain in inherited erythromelalgiaBMJ Case Rep20172017 bcr-2017-219486
  • MichielsJJAspirin responsive erythromelalgia in JAK2-thrombocythemia and incurable inherited erythrothermalgia in neuropathic Nav1.7 sodium channelopathy: from Mitchell 1878 to Michiels 2017Expert Opin Orphan Drugs201752111129
  • WilloughbySPearsonTCThe use of aspirin in polycythaemia vera and primary thrombocythaemiaBlood Rev199812112229597194
  • RuggeriMCastamanGRodeghieroFIs ticlopidine a safe alternative to aspirin for management of myeloproliferative disorders?Haematologica1993781821
  • CalderoneDCFinziETreatment of primary erythromelalgia with piroxicamJ Am Acad Dermatol19912411451461999514
  • ChanTLHBeckerWJJogMIndomethacin-Responsive Idiopathic Red Ear Syndrome: Case Report and PathophysiologyHeadache201858230630829193054
  • KalgaardOMClausenOPMellbyeOJHovigTKverneboKNonspecific Capillary Proliferation and Vasculopathy Indicate Skin Hypoxia in ErythromelalgiaArch Dermatol2011147330931421079053
  • KalgaardOMørkCKverneboKProstacyclin Reduces Symptoms and Sympathetic Dysfunction in Erythromelalgia in a Double-blind Randomized Pilot StudyActa Derm Venereol200383644244414690340
  • MørkCGöran SalerudEAskerCLKverneboKThe Prostaglandin E1 Analog Misoprostol Reduces Symptoms and Microvascular Arteriovenous Shunting in Erythromelalgia—A Double-Blind, Crossover, Placebo-Compared StudyJ Invest Dermatol2004122358759315086539
  • GoldbergYPPriceNNamdariRTreatment of Nav1.7-mediated pain in inherited erythromelalgia using a novel sodium channel blockerPain20121531808522035805
  • CaoLMcdonnellANitzscheAPharmacological reversal of a pain phenotype in iPSC-derived sensory neurons and patients with inherited erythromelalgiaSci Transl Med20168335ra356
  • ElguetaFde La Cuadra-FontaineJCCledeLFierroCValderramaAErythromelagia: A Rare and Hard-to-Treat Condition: A 9-Year-Old Boy Responsive to Intravenous Lidocaine and Oral MexilitenePain Medicine201314231131223368881
  • KuhnertSMPhillipsWJDavisMDLidocaine and mexiletine therapy for erythromelalgiaArch Dermatol1999135121447144910606048
  • JakobACreutzfeldtRStaszewskiOWinterpachtABernerRHufnagelMPrimary Erythromelalgia in a 12-Year-Old Boy: Positive Response to Sodium Channel Blockers Despite Negative SCN9A MutationsKlinische Pädiatrie20122240530931222170168
  • SheetsPLJacksonJOWaxmanSGDib-HajjSDCumminsTRA Na v 1.7 channel mutation associated with hereditary erythromelalgia contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability and displays reduced lidocaine sensitivityJ Physiol2007581Pt 31019103117430993
  • HelåsTSagafosDKleggetveitIPPain thresholds, supra -threshold pain and lidocaine sensitivity in patients with erythromelalgia, including the I848Tmutation in Na V 1.7European Journal of Pain20172181316132528418213
  • PaticoffJValovskaANedeljkovicSSOaklanderALDefining a Treatable Cause of Erythromelalgia: Acute Adolescent Autoimmune Small-Fiber AxonopathyAnesthesia & Analgesia2007104243844117242106
  • IqbalJBhatMCharooBSyedWSheikhMBhatIExperience with oral mexiletine in primary erythromelalgia in childrenAnn Saudi Med200929431631819584578
  • KuhnertSMPhillipsWJDavisMDPLidocaine and mexiletine therapy for erythromelalgiaArch Dermatol1999135121447144910606048
  • NathanARoseJBGuiteJWHehirDMilovcichKPrimary Erythromelalgia in a Child Responding to Intravenous Lidocaine and Oral Mexiletine TreatmentPediatrics20051154e504e50715741349
  • JangH-SJungDKimSA case of primary erythromelalgia improved by mexiletineBr J Dermatol2004151370871015377366
  • VivasACEscandonJKirsnerRSRefractory erythromelalgia of the ears: response to mexiletineAm J Otolaryngol201132216817020392536
  • NatkunarajahJAthertonDElmslieFMansourSMortimerPTreatment with carbamazepine and gabapentin of a patient with primary erythermalgia (erythromelalgia) identified to have a mutation in the SCN9A gene, encoding a voltage-gated sodium channelClin Exp Dermatol2009348e640e64219549232
  • FischerTZGilmoreESEstacionMA novel Na v 1.7 mutation producing carbamazepine-responsive erythromelalgiaAnn Neurol200965673374119557861
  • GehaPYangYEstacionMPharmacotherapy for pain in a family with inherited erythromelalgia guided by genomic analysis and functional profilingJAMA Neurol201673665966727088781
  • CohenJSHigh-dose oral magnesium treatment of chronic, intractable erythromelalgiaAnn Pharmacother200236225526011847944
  • RudikoffDJaffeIAErythromelalgia: Response to serotonin reuptake inhibitorsJ Am Acad Dermatol19973722812839270523
  • FirminDRoguedasAMGrecoMTreatment of familial erythromelalgia with venlafaxineJournal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology200721683683717567325
  • CohenJSErythromelalgia: New theories and new therapiesJ Am Acad Dermatol200043584184711050591
  • McgrawTKosekPErythromelalgia pain managed with gabapentinAnesthesiology19978649889909105243
  • KakizakiAFujimuraTKambayashiYWatabeAAibaSSuccessful treatment of adult-onset erythromelalgia with steroid pulse and pregabalinCase Rep Dermatol20124324224623275767
  • KalavaKRobertsCAdairJDRamanVResponse of primary erythromelalgia to pregabalin therapyJournal of Clinical Rheumatology201319528428523872544
  • SakakibaraRFukutakeTKitaKHattoriTTreatment of primary erythromelalgia with cyproheptadineJ Auton Nerv Syst1996581-21211228740669
  • Al-MinshawySMEl-MazaryA-AMAn Egyptian child with erythromelalgia responding to a new line of treatment: a case report and review of the literatureJ Med Case Rep2014816924568362
  • ChanMKHTuckerATMaddenSGoldingCEAthertonDJDillonMJErythromelalgia: an endothelial disorder responsive to sodium nitroprussideArch Dis Child200287322923012193436
  • ZsoyluSCoskunTSodium nitroprusside treatment in erythromelalgiaEur J Pediatr198414131851876698066
  • PoteruchaTJMurphySLDavisMDPTopical amitriptyline combined with ketamine for the treatment of erythromelalgia: a retrospective study of 36 patients at mayo clinicJournal of Drugs in Dermatology20131230831023545913
  • DavisMDPSandroniPLidocaine Patch for Pain of ErythromelalgiaArch Dermatol20021381171911790162
  • DavisMDSandroniPLidocaine patch for pain of erythromelalgia: follow-up of 34 patientsArch Dermatol20051411320132116230578
  • DavisMDPMorrCSWarndahlRASandroniPTopically Applied Midodrine, 0.2%, an α1 -Agonist, for the Treatment of ErythromelalgiaJAMA Dermatol201515191025102625946117
  • MuhiddinKAGallenIWHarriesSPearceVRThe use of capsaicin cream in a case of erythromelalgiaPostgrad Med J1994708298418437824425
  • Pagani-EstévezGLSandroniPDavisMDWatsonJCErythromelalgia: identification of a corticosteroid-responsive subsetJ Am Acad Dermatol201776350651128413058
  • PfundZStankovicsJDecsiTIllesZChildhood steroid-responsive acute erythromelalgia with axonal neuropathy of large myelinated fibers: A dysimmune neuropathy?Neuromuscular Disorders2009191495219056270
  • JacksonALOatesJAA Patient With Adult Erythermalgia: Evidence Suggesting an Autoimmune EtiologyAm J Med Sci2008335432032218414074
  • MoodySPachecoSButlerIJKoenigMKSecondary Erythromelalgia Successfully Treated With Intravenous ImmunoglobulinJ Child Neurol201227792292322156790
  • NakajimaNUedaMNicotinic acid treatment for Paralepistopsis acromelalga intoxication: assessment using magnetic resonance imagingClin Toxicol2016547597600
  • ParkerLKPonteCHowellKJOngVHDentonCPSchreiberBEClinical features and management of erythromelalgia: long term follow-up of 46 casesClin Exp Rheumatol201735808427494156
  • CostaAMeirelesJFestasMJGomesAAbreuPTherapeutic success with local botulinum toxin in erythromelalgiaPain Physician201417E658E66025247918
  • D’AngeloRCohenITBrandomBWContinuous epidural infusion of bupivacaine and fentanyl for erythromelalgia in an adolescentAnesth Analg1992741421441734777
  • StrickerLJGreenCRResolution of Refractory Symptoms of Secondary Erythermalgia With Intermittent Epidural BupivacaineReg Anesth Pain Med200126548849011561273
  • KunduARafiqMWarrenPTobiasJErythromelalgia in the pediatric patient: role of computed-tomography-guided lumbar sympathetic blockadeJournal of Pain Research2016983784527799815
  • CerciFBKapuralLYosipovitchGIntractable erythromelalgia of the lower extremities successfully treated with lumbar sympathetic blockJ Am Acad Dermatol2013695e270e27224124862
  • BangYJYeoJSKimSOParkYHSympathetic Block for Treating Primary ErythromelalgiaKorean J Pain2010231555920552075
  • ShigaTSakamotoAKoizumiKOgawaREndoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy for Primary Erythromelalgia in the Upper ExtremitiesAnesthesia & Analgesia199988486586610195539
  • MatzkeLLLamerTJGazelkaHMSpinal cord stimulation for treatment of neuropathic pain associated with erythromelalgiaReg Anesth Pain Med201641561962027512936
  • GraziottiPJGouckeCRControl of intractable pain in erythromelalgia by using spinal cord stimulationJ Pain Symptom Manage1993875025047963776
  • PatelNChenECucchiaroGThe complexity of pain management in patients with erythromelalgiaA A Case Rep20155915115326528699
  • MoselDDRoslerDErythromelalgia presenting after neurosurgical intervention in a patient with multiple malformations of the spinal cordJ Am Acad Dermatol2011654e120e12221920230
  • DurosaroODavisMDHootenWMKerkvlietJLIntervention for erythromelalgia, a chronic pain syndrome: comprehensive pain rehabilitation center, Mayo ClinicArch Dermatol20081441578158319075140
  • PuttAMErythromelalgia-a case for biofeedbackNurs Clin North Am197813625630252715
  • DicksKRizekPMassage therapy techniques as pain management for erythromelalgia: a case reportInt J Ther Massage Bodywork2010359
  • ChakravartyKPharoahPDScottDGBarkerSErythromelalgia–the role of hypnotherapyPostgrad Med J19926879544461561190
  • ChenZYeWJiaoSJDiagnosis of a pedigree with Fabry disease mimicking erythromelalgia: the utility of next-generation sequencing in a precision medicine perspectiveInternational Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine201691692316926
  • FarrarMALeeMJHowellsJAndrewsPILinCSBurning pain: axonal dysfunction in erythromelalgiaPain201715890091128134657
  • Dib-HajjSDGehaPWaxmanSGSodium channels in pain disorders: pathophysiology and prospects for treatmentPain2017158S97S10728240647
  • EatonMMurphySErythromelalgia misdiagnosed as cellulitisCutis200575374015732433
  • ClaytonCFadenHErythromelalgia in a twenty-year-old with infectious mononucleosisPediatr Infect Dis J1993121011028417413
  • GuYChenFLiuTEarly detection of an epidemic erythromelalgia outbreak using Baidu search dataSci Rep2015511264926218589
  • ZhengZMZhangJHHuJMLiuSFZhuWPPoxviruses isolated from epidemic erythromelalgia In chinaThe Lancet19883318580296
  • RajaballyYAMortimerNJAcute neuropathy and erythromelalgia following topical exposure to isopropanolVet Hum Toxicol200446242514748412
  • CimolaiNCimolaiTLErythromelalgia accompanying rosuvastatin-associated myopathyJ Dermatol Case Rep2009311321886718
  • DrenthJPErythromelalgia induced by nicardipineBMJ1989298668715821582
  • ThamiGPBhallaMDrug points: erythromelalgia induced by possible calcium channel blockade by ciclosporinBMJ2003326739591012714471
  • AliARothnerAErythromelalgia secondary to verapamilHeadache201757168169
  • DulonMRomiplostim-induced erythromelalgia in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuraBritish Journal of Dermatology200916148248219486002
  • NanayakkaraPWvan der VeldtAASimsekSSmuldersYMRauwerdaJAVerapamil-induced erythermalgiaNeth J Med200765934935117954955
  • DrenthJPMichielsJJvan JoostTVuzevskiVDVerapamil-induced secondary erythermalgiaBr J Dermatol199212732922941390176
  • ConfinoIPasswellJHPadehSErythromelalgia following influenza vaccine in a child
  • RabaudCBarbaudATrechotPFirst case of erythermalgia related to hepatitis B vaccinationJ Rheumatol19992612332349918272
  • SaviucPDanelVNew syndromes in mushroom poisoningToxicol Rev200625319920917192123
  • KurzrockRCohenPRParaneoplastic erythromelalgiaClin Dermatol199311173828339204
  • HanJHLeeJBKimSJLeeSCWonYHYunSJParaneoplastic erythromelalgia associated with breast carcinomaInt J Dermatol201251787888022715841
  • ProtopsaltisIDrossouAKatsantonisIBreast cancer presenting as paraneoplastic erythroderma: an extremely rare caseCase Rep Med20142014 Article ID 351065
  • PepperHPrimary erythermalgia: report of a patient treated with methysergide maleateJAMA196820312106610675694372
  • CohenJSErythromelalgia: new theories and new therapiesJ Am Acad Dermatol2000435 Pt 184184711050591
  • KandelEIStereotactic surgery of erythromelalgiaStereotact Funct Neurosurg199054–5596100