77
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Ketogenic dietary therapy for epilepsy and other disorders: current perspectives

Pages 25-33 | Published online: 03 Apr 2014

References

  • Guelpa G, Marie A. La lutte contre l’epilepsie par la desintoxication et par la reeducation alimentaire. Revue de Therapie Medico-Chirurgicale. 1911;78:8–13.
  • Geyelin HR. Fasting as a method for treating epilepsy. Medical Recordings. 1921;99:1037–1039.
  • Wilder RM. The effect of ketonemia on the course of epilepsy. Mayo Clinic Bulletin. 1921;2:307.
  • Peterman MG. The ketogenic diet in the treatment of epilepsy: a preliminary report. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 1924;28(1):28–33.
  • Helmholz HF. The treatment of epilepsy in childhood: five years’ experience with the ketogenic diet. JAMA. 1927;88(26):2028–2032.
  • Talbot FB, Metcalf KM, Moriarty ME. A clinical study of epileptic children treated by the ketogenic diet. The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. 1927;196(3):89–96.
  • McQuarrie I, Keith HM. Epilepsy in children: relationship of variations in the degree of ketonuria to occurrence of convulsions in epileptic children on ketogenic diets. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 1927;34:1013–1029.
  • Lennox WG. Ketogenic diet in the treatment of epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 1928;199(2):74–75.
  • Barborka CJ. Epilepsy in adults: results of treatment by ketogenic diet in one hundred cases. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry. 1930;23(5):904–914.
  • Huttenlocher PR, Wilbourn AJ, Signore JM. Medium-chain triglycerides as a therapy for intractable childhood epilepsy. Neurology. 1971;21(11):1097–1103.
  • Kossoff EH, Krauss GL, McGrogan JR, Freeman JM. Efficacy of the Atkins diet as therapy for intractable epilepsy. Neurology. 2003;61(12):1789–1791.
  • Pfeifer HH, Thiele EA. Low-glycemic-index treatment: a liberalized ketogenic diet for treatment of intractable epilepsy. Neurology. 2005;65(11):1810–1812.
  • Lefevre F, Aronson N. Ketogenic diet for the treatment of refractory epilepsy in children: A systematic review of efficacy. Pediatrics. 2000;105(4):E46.
  • Keene DL. A systematic review of the use of the ketogenic diet in childhood epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol. 2006;35(1):1–5.
  • Henderson CB, Filloux FM, Alder SC, Lyon JL, Caplin DA. Efficacy of the ketogenic diet as a treatment option for epilepsy: meta-analysis. J Child Neurol. 2006;21(3):193–198.
  • Neal EG, Chaffe H, Schwartz RH, et al. The ketogenic diet in the treatment of childhood epilepsy: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(6):500–506.
  • Neal EG, Chaffe H, Schwartz RH, et al. A randomized trial of classical and medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diets in the treatment of childhood epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2009;50(5):1109–1117.
  • Auvin S. Should we routinely use modified Atkins diet instead of regular ketogenic diet to treat children with epilepsy? Seizure. 2012;21(4):237–240.
  • Muzykewicz DA, Lyczkowski DA, Memon N, Conant KD, Pfeifer HH, Thiele EA. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the low glycemic index treatment in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2009;50(5):1118–1126.
  • Levy RG, Cooper PN, Giri P. Ketogenic diet and other dietary treatments for epilepsy [review]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;3:CD001903.
  • Sharma S, Sankhyan N, Gulati S, Agarwala A. Use of the modified Atkins diet for treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial. Epilepsia. 2013;54(3):481–486.
  • El-Rashidy OF, Nassar MF, Abdel-Hamid IA, et al. Modified Atkins diet vs classic ketogenic formula in intractable epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand. 2013;128(6):402–408.
  • Nangia S, Caraballo RH, Kang HC, Nordli DR, Scheffer IE. Is the ketogenic diet effective in specific epilepsy syndromes? Epilepsy Res. 2012;100(3):252–257.
  • Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Amark PE, et al. Charlie Foundation, Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society; Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society; International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Optimal clinical management of children receiving the ketogenic diet: recommendations of the international ketogenic diet study group. Epilepsia. 2009;50(2):304–317.
  • Payne NE, Cross JH, Sander JW, Sisodiya SM. The ketogenic and related diets in adolescents and adults – a review. Epilepsia. 2011;52(11):1941–1948.
  • Bough KJ, Rho JM. Anticonvulsant mechanisms of the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia. 2007;48(1):43–58.
  • Hartman AL, Rho JM. . The biochemical basis of dietary therapies for neurological disorders. In: Neal EG, editor. Dietary Treatment of Epilepsy: Practical Implementation of Ketogenic Therapy. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012:34–44.
  • Lutas A, Yellen G. The ketogenic diet: metabolic influences on brain excitability and epilepsy. Trends Neurosci. 2013;36(1):32–40.
  • Danial NN, Hartman AL, Stafstrom CE, Thio LL. How does the ketogenic diet work? Four potential mechanisms. J Child Neurol. 2013;28(8):1027–1033.
  • Chang P, Terbach N, Plant N, Chen PE, Walker MC, Williams RS. Seizure control by ketogenic diet-associated medium chain fatty acids. Neuropharmacology. 2013;69:105–114.
  • Bergqvist AG, Schall JI, Gallagher PR, Cnaan A, Stallings VA. Fasting versus gradual initiation of the ketogenic diet: a prospective, randomized clinical trial of efficacy. Epilepsia. 2005;46(11):1810–1819.
  • Vaisleib II, Buchhalter JR, Zupanc ML. Ketogenic diet: outpatient initiation, without fluid, or caloric restrictions. Pediatr Neurol. 2004;31(3):198–202.
  • Rizzutti S, Ramos AM, Muszkat M, Gabbai AA. Is hospitalization really necessary during the introduction of the ketogenic diet? J Child Neurol. 2007;22(2):33–37.
  • Kang HC, Chung DE, Kim DW, Kim HD. Early- and late-onset complications of the ketogenic diet for intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2004;45(9):1116–1123.
  • Kwiterovich PO Jr, Vining EP, Pyzik P, Skolasky R Jr, Freeman JM. Effect of a high-fat ketogenic diet on plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in children. JAMA. 2003;290(7):912–919.
  • Vining EPG, Pyzik P, McGrogan J, et al. Growth of children on the ketogenic diet. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002;44(12):796–802.
  • Sampath A, Kossoff EH, Furth SL, Pyzik PL, Vining EP. Kidney stones and the ketogenic diet: risk factors and prevention. J Child Neurol. 2007;22(4):375–378.
  • Bergqvist AG, Schall JI, Stallings VA. Vitamin D status in children with intractable epilepsy, and impact of the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia. 2007;48(1):66–71.
  • Bergqvist AG, Schall JI, Stallings VA, Zemel BS. Progressive bone mineral content loss in children with intractable epilepsy treated with the ketogenic diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(6):1678–1684.
  • Bergqvist AG, Chee CM, Lutchka L, Rychik J, Stallings VA. Selenium deficiency associated with cardiomyopathy: a complication of the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia. 2003;44(4):618–620.
  • Bank IM, Shemie SD, Rosenblatt B, Bernard C, Mackie AS. Sudden cardiac death in association with the ketogenic diet. Pediatr Neurol. 2008;39(6):429–431.
  • Christodoulides SS, Neal EG, Fitzsimmons G, et al. The effect of the classical and medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet on vitamin and mineral levels. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2012;25(1):16–26.
  • Willmott NS, Bryan RA. Case report: scurvy in an epileptic child on a ketogenic diet with oral complications. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2008;9(3):148–152.
  • Anil M, Helvaci M, Ozbal E, Kalenderer O, Anil AB, Dilek M. Serum and muscle carnitine levels in children receiving sodium valproate. J Child Neurol. 2009;24(1):80–86.
  • Hamed SA, Abdella MM. The risk of asymptomatic hyperammonemia in children with idiopathic epilepsy treated with valproate: relationship to blood carnitine status. Epilepsy Res. 2009;86(1):32–41.
  • Berry-Kravis E, Booth G, Sanchez AC, Woodbury-Kolb J. Carnitine levels and the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia. 2001;42(11):1445–1451.
  • Dahlin M, Hjelte L, Nilsson S, Amark P. Plasma phospholipid fatty acids are influenced by a ketogenic diet enriched with n-3 fatty acids in children with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2007;73(2):199–207.
  • Liu YM, Lowe H, Zak MM, Kobayashi J, Chan VW, Donner EJ. Can children with hyperlipidemia receive ketogenic diet for medication-resistant epilepsy? J Child Neurol. 2013;28(4):479–483.
  • Leen WG, Klepper J, Verbeek MM, et al. Glucose transporter-1 deficiency syndrome: the expanding clinical and genetic spectrum of a treatable disorder. Brain. 2010;133(Pt 3):655–670.
  • Klepper J. Impaired glucose transport into the brain: the expanding spectrum of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004;17(2):193–196.
  • Klepper J, Scheffer H, Leiendecker B, et al. Seizure control and acceptance of the ketogenic diet in GLUT1 deficiency syndrome: a 2- to 5-year follow-up of 15 children enrolled prospectively. Neuropediatrics. 2005;36(5):302–308.
  • Klepper J, Diefenbach S, Kohlschütter A, Voit T. Effects of the ketogenic diet in the glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2004;70(3):321–327.
  • Brockmann K. The expanding phenotype of GLUT1-deficiency syndrome. Brain Dev. 2009;31(7):545–552.
  • Ito S, Oguni H, Ito Y, Ishigaki K, Ohinata J, Osawa M. Modified Atkins diet therapy for a case with glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome. Brain Dev. 2008;30(3):226–228.
  • Slaughter L, Vartzelis G, Arthur T. New GLUT-1 mutation in a child with treatment-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2009;84(2–3):254–256.
  • Prasad C, Rupar T, Prasad AN. Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency and epilepsy. Brain Dev. 2011;33(10):856–865.
  • Wexler ID, Hemalatha SG, McConnell J, et al. Outcome of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency treated with ketogenic diets. Studies in patients with identical mutations. Neurology. 1997;49(6):1655–1661.
  • El-Gharbawy AH, Boney A, Young SP, Kishnani PS. Follow-up of a child with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency on a less restrictive ketogenic diet. Mol Genet Metab. 2011;102(2):214–215.
  • Stafstrom CE, Rho JM. The ketogenic diet as a treatment paradigm for diverse neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol. 2012;3:59.
  • Paoli A, Rubini A, Volek JS, Grimaldi KA. Beyond weight loss: a review of the therapeutic uses of very-low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67(8):789–796.
  • Warburg O, Posener K, Negelein E. Über den Stoffwechsel der Carcinomzelle. Biochem Zeitschr. 1924:309–344.
  • Klement RJ, Kämmerer U. Is there a role for carbohydrate restriction in the treatment and prevention of cancer? Nutr Metab (Lond). 2011; 8:75.
  • Seyfried TN, Mukherjee P. Targeting energy metabolism in brain cancer: review and hypothesis. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2005;2:30.
  • Tisdale MJ, Brennan RA, Fearon KC. Reduction of weight loss and tumour size in a cachexia model by a high fat diet. Br J Cancer. 1987;56(1):39–43.
  • Tisdale MJ, Brennan RA. A comparison of long-chain triglycerides and medium-chain triglycerides on weight loss and tumour size in a cachexia model. Br J Cancer. 1988;58(5):580–583.
  • Freedland SJ, Mavropoulos J, Wang A, et al. Carbohydrate restriction, prostate cancer growth, and the insulin-like growth factor axis. Prostate. 2008;68(1):11–19.
  • Otto C, Kaemmerer U, Illert B, et al. Growth of human gastric cancer cells in nude mice is delayed by a ketogenic diet supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids and medium-chain triglycerides. BMC Cancer. 2008;8:122.
  • Zhou W, Mukherjee P, Kiebish MA, Markis WT, Mantis JG, Seyfried TN. The calorically restricted ketogenic diet, an effective alternative therapy for malignant brain cancer. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2007;4:5.
  • Stafford P, Abdelwahab MG, Kim do Y, Preul MC, Rho JM, Scheck AC. The ketogenic diet reverses gene expression patterns and reduces reactive oxygen species levels when used as an adjuvant therapy for glioma. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2010;7:74.
  • Nebeling LC, Miraldi F, Shurin SB, Lerner E. Effects of a ketogenic diet on tumor metabolism and nutritional status in pediatric oncology patients: two case reports. J Am Coll Nutr. 1995;14(2):202–208.
  • Schmidt M, Pfetzer N, Schwab M, Strauss I, Kämmerer U. Effects of a ketogenic diet on the quality of life in 16 patients with advanced cancer: A pilot trial. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2011;8(1):54.
  • Barañano KW, Hartman AL. The ketogenic diet: uses in epilepsy and other neurologic illnesses. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2008;10(6):410–419.
  • Tieu K, Perier C, Caspersen C, et al. D-beta-hydroxybutyrate rescues mitochondrial respiration and mitigates features of Parkinson disease. J Clin Invest. 2003;112(6):892–901.
  • Vanitallie TB, Nonas C, Di Rocco A, Boyar K, Hyams K, Heymsfield SB. Treatment of Parkinson disease with diet-induced hyperketonemia: a feasibility study. Neurology. 2005;64(4):728–730.
  • Henderson ST, Vogel JL, Barr LJ, Garvin F, Jones JJ, Costantini LC. Study of the ketogenic agent AC-1202 in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2009;6:31.
  • Zhao Z, Lange DJ, Voustianiouk A, et al. A ketogenic diet as a potential novel therapeutic intervention in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. BMC Neurosci. 2006;7:29.