131
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Betalain-rich red beet concentrate improves reduced knee discomfort and joint function: a double blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical study

, , , , &
Pages 9-13 | Published online: 10 Mar 2014

Refrences

  • Steinbeck MJ, Nesti LJ, Sharkey PF, Parvizi J. Myeloperoxidase and chlorinated peptides in osteoarthritis: potential biomarkers of the disease. J Orthop Res. 2007;25(9):1128–1135.
  • Katrantzis M, Baker MS, Handley CJ, Lowther DA. The oxidant hypochlorite (OCl-), a product of the myeloperoxidase system, degrades articular cartilage proteoglycan aggregate. Free Radic Biol Med. 1991;10(2):101–109.
  • Bush TM, Shlotzhauer TL, Imai K. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Proposed guidelines for monitoring toxicity. The Western journal of medicine. 1991;155(1):39–42.
  • Allegra M, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA. Betanin inhibits the myeloperoxidase/nitrite-induced oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins. Free Radic Res. 2007;41(3):335–341.
  • Zielinska-Przyjemska M, Olejnik A, Dobrowolska-Zachwieja A, Grajek W. In vitro effects of beetroot juice and chips on oxidative metabolism and apoptosis in neutrophils from obese individuals. Phytotherapy research: PTR. 2009;23(1):49–55.
  • Gentile C, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Livrea MA, D’Alessio P. Antioxidant betalains from cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) inhibit endothelial ICAM-1 expression. Ann N Y Acad S. 2004;1028:481–486.
  • Wybraniec S, Starzak K, Skopinska A, Nemzer B, Pietrzkowski Z, Michalowski T. Studies on nonenzymatic oxidation mechanisms in neobetanin, betanin, and decarboxylated betanins. J Agric Food Chem. 2013;61(26):6465–6476.
  • Nemzer B, Pietrzkowski Z, Spórna A, Stalica P, Thresher W, Michałowski T, et al. Betalainic and nutritional profiles of pigment-enriched red beet root (Beta vulgaris L.) dried extracts. Food chemistry. 2011;127(1):42–53.
  • Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, Campbell J, Stitt LW. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol. 1988;15(12):1833–1840.
  • Lee S, Inglett GE, Carriere CJ. Effect of Nutrim Oat Bran and Flaxseed on Rheological Properties of Cakes. Cereal Chemistry. 2004;81(5):637–642.
  • Mohamed AA, Rayas-Duarte P, Xu J, Palmquist DE, Inglett G. Hard Red Winter Wheat/Nutrim-OB Alkaline Fresh Noodles: Processing and Texture Analysis. Journal of Food Science. 2005;70(1):S1–S7.
  • Melzack R. The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods. Pain. 1975;1(3):277–299.
  • Melzack R. The McGill pain questionnaire: from description to measurement. Anesthesiology. 2005;103(1):199–202.
  • Chalder T, Berelowitz G, Pawlikowska T, Watts L, Wessely S, Wright D, et al. Development of a fatigue scale. J Psychosom Res. 1993;37(2):147–153.
  • Gift AG. Visual analogue scales: measurement of subjective phenomena. Nurs Res. 1989;38(5):286–268.
  • Lee KA, Hicks G, Nino-Murcia G. Validity and reliability of a scale to assess fatigue. Psychiatry Res. 1991;36(3):291–298.
  • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149–1160.
  • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–191.
  • Erdfelder E, Faul F. [A class of information integration models for the Oppel-Kundt illusion]. Z Psychol Z Angew Psychol. 1994;202(2):133–160. German.
  • Pietrzkowski Z, Nemzer B, Michałowski T, Wybraniec S. Influence of betalain-rich extract on reduction of discomfort associated with osteoarthritis. 2010. Available from: http://www.betalainsources.com/Betalain_Study.pdf. Accessed February 18,2014.
  • Gandhi R, Tsvetkov D, Dhottar H, Davey JR, Mahomed NN. Quantifying the pain experience in hip and knee osteoarthritis. Pain Res Manag. 2010;15(4):224–228.
  • Creamer P, Lethbridge-Cejku M, Hochberg MC. Determinants of pain severity in knee osteoarthritis: effect of demographic and psychosocial variables using 3 pain measures. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(8):1785–1792.
  • Creamer P, Lethbridge-Cejku M, Hochberg MC. Factors associated with functional impairment in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000;39(5):490–496.
  • Sharma L, Cahue S, Song J, Hayes K, Pai YC, Dunlop D. Physical functioning over three years in knee osteoarthritis: role of psychosocial, local mechanical, and neuromuscular factors. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(12):3359–3370.
  • Netzel M, Stintzing F, Quaas D, Strass G, Carle R, Bitsch R, et al. Renal excretion of antioxidative constituents from red beet in humans. Food Res Int. 2005;38(8):1051–1058.
  • Stintzing FC, Herbach KM, Mosshammer MR, Carle R, Yi W, Sellappan S, et al. Color, betalain pattern, and antioxidant properties of cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) clones. J Agric Food Chem. 2005;53(2):442–451.
  • Allegra M, Furtmuller PG, Jantschko W, Zederbauer M, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA, et al. Mechanism of interaction of betanin and indicaxanthin with human myeloperoxidase and hypochlorous acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;332(3):837–844.