References
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [homepage on the Internet]NINDS Multiple Sclerosis Information Page2015 Available from: www.ninds.nih.govAccessed March 6, 2016
- LearySGiovannoniGHowardRMultiple sclerosis and demyelinating diseasesClarkeCHowardRRossorMShorvonSNeurology: A Queen Square TextbookOxfordWiley-Blackwell2009411448
- MS SocietyMS in the UK January 2016 (PDF) Available from: www.mssociety.org.uk/ms-resources/ms-ukAccessed October 11, 2016
- MackenzieISMorantSVBloomfieldGAMacDonaldTMO’RiordanJIncidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the UK 1990–2010: a descriptive study in the General Practice Research DatabaseJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2014851768424052635
- World Health OrganizationAtlas: Multiple Sclerosis Resources in the World 2008 (PDF)GenevaWorld Health Organization2008516Accessed October 11, 2016
- SibleyWDiagnosis and course in multiple sclerosisRaoSNeurobehavioural Aspects of Multiple SclerosisNew YorkOxford University Press1990514
- FeinsteinAThe neuropsychiatry of multiple sclerosisCan J Psychiatry20044935763
- GhaffarOFeinsteinAThe neuropsychiatry of multiple sclerosis: a review of recent developmentsCurr Opin Psychiatry200720327828517415083
- PaparrigopoulosTFerentinosPKouzoupisAKoutsisGPapadimitriouGNThe neuropsychiatry of multiple sclerosis: focus on disorders of mood, affect and behaviourInt Rev Psychiatry2010221142120233111
- Diaz-OlavarrietaCCummingsJLVelazquezJGarcia de la CadenaCNeuropsychiatric manifestations of multiple sclerosisJ Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci199911151579990556
- RaoSMLeoGJBernardinLUnverzagtFCognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and predictionNeurology19914156856912027484
- BorghiMCavalloMCarlettoSPresence and significant determinants of cognitive impairment in a large sample of patients with multiple sclerosisPLoS One201387e6982023922813
- BorghiMCarlettoSOstacoliLDecline of neuropsychological abilities in a large sample of patients with multiple sclerosis: a two-year longitudinal studyFront Hum Neurosci20161028227375468
- FeinsteinADu BourlayGRonMPsychotic illness in multiple sclerosis. A clinical and magnetic resonance imaging studyBr J Psychiatry19921616806851422619
- ChwastiakLEhdeDMGibbonsLESullivanMBowenJDKraftGHDepressive symptoms and severity of illness in multiple sclerosis: epidemiologic study of a large community sampleAm J Psychiatry2002159111862186812411220
- MohrDCGoodkinDELikoskyWGattoNBaumannKARudickRATreatment of depression improves adherence to interferon beta-1b therapy for multiple sclerosisArch Neurol19975455315339152109
- TsivgoulisGTriantafyllouNPapageorgiouCAssociations of the Expanded Disability Status Scale with anxiety and depression in multiple sclerosis outpatientsActa Neruol Scand200711516772
- AmatoMPPonzianiGRossiFLiedlCLStefanileCRossiLQuality of life in multiple sclerosis: the impact of depression, fatigue and disabilityMult Scler20017534034411724451
- BerriganLIFiskJDPattenSBCIHR Team in the Epidemiology and Impact of Comorbidity on Multiple Sclerosis (ECoMS)Health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: direct and indirect effects of comorbidityNeurology Epub201639
- OstacoliLCarlettoSBorghiMPrevalence and significant determinants of post-traumatic stress disorder in a large sample of patients with multiple sclerosisJ Clin Psychol Med Settings201320224024623053829
- KosmidisMHGiannakouMMessinisLPapathanasopoulosPPsychotic features associated with multiple sclerosisInt Rev Psychiatry2010221556620233114
- PattenSBSvensonLWMetzLMPsychotic disorders in MS: population-based evidence of an associationNeurology20056571123112516217073
- PineDSDouglasCJCharlesEDaviesMKahnDPatients with multiple sclerosis presenting to psychiatric hospitalsJ Clin Psychiatry19955672973067615483
- LyooIKSeolHYByunHSRenshawPFUnsuspected multiple sclerosis in patients with psychiatric disorders: a magnetic resonance imaging studyJ Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci19968154598845702
- AssouadRLouapreCTourbahAClinical and MRI characterization of MS patients with a pure and severe cognitive onsetClin Neurol Neurosurg2014126556325215443
- KohlerJHeilmeyerHVolkBMultiple sclerosis presenting as chronic atypical psychosisJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry19885122812843346695
- ClarkeTWadhwaULeroiIPsychotic depression. An atypical initial presentation of multiple sclerosisPsychosomatics199839172759538679
- YadavRZigmondASTemporal lobe lesions and psychosis in multiple sclerosisBMJ Case Rep20102010bcr0120102651
- EnglerFVetterPAffektive und schizophrene syndromen bei multipler sklerose. Überprüfung der literatur und fallberichte. [Affective and schizophrenic syndromes in multiple sclerosis. Review of the literature and case reports]Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr19911424367378 German
- DrakeMEJrAcute paranoid psychosis in multiple sclerosisPsychosomatics19842516061656701280
- DieterleLStaudacherTSchizophreniform psychosis with polydipsia and electrolyte imbalance in multiple sclerosisNervenarzt1998698698701 German9757422
- ReissJPSamDSareenJPsychosis in multiple sclerosis associated with left temporal lobe lesions on serial MRI scansJ Clin Neurosci200613228228416503492
- LewisDASmithRESteroid-induced psychiatric syndromes. A report of 14 cases and a review of the literatureJ Affect Disord1983543193326319464
- SiroisFSteroid psychosis: a reviewGen Hosp Psychiatry2003251273312583925
- SechiGPPirasMRDemurtasATancaSRosatiGDexamethasone-induced schizoaffective-like state in multiple sclerosis: prophylaxis and treatment with carbamazepineClin Neuropharmacol19871054534573503684
- GoebJLEvenCNicolasGGohierBDubasFGarréJBPsychiatric side effects of interferon-beta in multiple sclerosisEur Psychiatry200621318619316386408
- McDonaldWICompstonAEdanGRecommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosisAnn Neurol200150112112711456302
- PolmanCHReingoldSCBanwellBDiagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteriaAnn Neurol201169229230221387374
- SaffermanAZKaneJMAronowitzJSGordonMFPollackSLiebermanJAThe use of clozapine in neurologic disordersJ Clin Psychiatry199455suppl B98101
- ChongSAKoSMClozapine treatment of psychosis associated with multiple sclerosisCan J Psychiatry19974219091
- Electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC) [webpage on the Internet]Sativex Oromucosal Spray – Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) – (eMC) Available from: www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/23262Accessed October 11, 2016
- NittaMKishimotoTMüllerNAdjunctive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for schizophrenia: a meta-analytic investigation of randomized controlled trialsSchizophr Bull20133961230124123720576
- MooreFOkudaDTIncidental MRI anomalies suggestive of multiple sclerosis: the radiologically isolated syndromeNeurology20097320171419918002
- GranbergTMartolaJKristoffersen-WibergMAspelinPFredriksonSRadiologically isolated syndrome – incidental magnetic resonance imaging findings suggestive of multiple sclerosis, a systematic reviewMult Scler201319327128022760099
- OkudaDTSivaAKantarciORadiologically isolated syndrome: 5-year risk for an initial clinical eventPLoS One201493e9050924598783
- LubmanDIVelakoulisDMcGorryPDIncidental radiological findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging in first-episode psychosis and chronic schizophreniaActa Psychiatr Scand2002106533133612366466
- JonesPRodgersBMurrayRMarmotMChild development risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohortLancet19943448934139814027968076
- LauronenEMiettunenJVeijolaJKarhuMJonesPBIsohanniMOutcome and its predictors in schizophrenia within the Northern Finland 1966 Birth CohortEur Psychiatry200722212913617129711
- DavisonKBagleyCRSchizophrenia-like psychoses associated with organic disorders of the central nervous system: a review of the literature. Current Problems in Neuropsychiatry: Schizophrenia, Epilepsy, the Temporal Lobe (ed. R. N. Herrington)1969113184
- AbelKMDrakeRGoldsteinJMSex differences in schizophreniaInt Rev Psychiatry201022541742821047156
- FatemiHSFolsomTDThe neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, revisitedSchizophr Bull200935352854819223657
- DevKKO’ConnellKEThe immune and metabolic factors of schizophreniaJ J Psych Behav Sci201411004
- BoringaJBLazeronRHReulingIEThe brief repeatable battery of neuropsychological tests: normative values allow application in multiple sclerosis clinical practiceMult Scler20017426326711548987