References
- UstunTBAyuso-MateosJLChatterjiSMathersCMurrayCJGlobal burden of depressive disorders in the year 2000Br J Psychiatry200418438639215123501
- RushAJTrivediMHWisniewskiSRAcute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D reportAm J Psychiatry2006163111905191717074942
- HowrenMBLamkinDMSulsJAssociations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysisPsychosom Med2009711217118619188531
- KimYKNaKSShinKHJungHYChoiSHKimJBCytokine imbalance in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorderProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry20073151044105317433516
- MaesMBosmansEMeltzerHYImmunoendocrine aspects of major depression. Relationships between plasma interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor, prolactin and cortisolEur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci199524531721787669825
- EisenbergerNIInagakiTKMashalNMIrwinMRInflammation and social experience: an inflammatory challenge induces feelings of social disconnection in addition to depressed moodBrain Behav Immun201024455856320043983
- ReichenbergAYirmiyaRSchuldACytokine-associated emotional and cognitive disturbances in humansArch Gen Psychiatry2001585544545211343523
- OwenBMEcclestonDFerrierINYoungAHRaised levels of plasma interleukin-1beta in major and postviral depressionActa Psychiatr Scand2001103322622811240580
- LevineJBarakYChengappaKNRapoportARebeyMBarakVCerebrospinal cytokine levels in patients with acute depressionNeuropsychobiology199940417117610559698
- MaesMMeltzerHYBosmansEIncreased plasma concentrations of interleukin-6, soluble interleukin-6, soluble interleukin-2 and transferrin receptor in major depressionJ Affect Disord19953443013098550956
- ZorrillaEPLuborskyLMcKayJRThe relationship of depression and stressors to immunological assays: a meta-analytic reviewBrain Behav Immun200115319922611566046
- HestadKATonsethSStoenCDUelandTAukrustPRaised plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with depression: normalization during electroconvulsive therapyJ ECT200319418318814657769
- MaesMScharpeSMeltzerHYIncreased neopterin and interferon-gamma secretion and lower availability of L-tryptophan in major depression: further evidence for an immune responsePsychiatry Res19945421431607761549
- BrambillaFMaggioniMBlood levels of cytokines in elderly patients with major depressive disorderActa Psychiatr Scand19989743093139570493
- CarpenterLLHeningerGRMalisonRTTyrkaARPriceLHCerebrospinal fluid interleukin (IL)-6 in unipolar major depressionJ Affect Disord2004791328528915023475
- MossnerRMikovaOKoutsilieriEConsensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers: biological markers in depressionWorld J Biol Psychiatry20078314117417654407
- MaesMYirmyiaRNorabergJThe inflammatory and neurodegenerative (I&ND) hypothesis of depression: leads for future research and new drug developments in depressionMetab Brain Dis2009241275319085093
- SluzewskaARybakowskiJKLaciakMMackiewiczASobieskaMWiktorowiczKInterleukin-6 serum levels in depressed patients before and after treatment with fluoxetineAnn N Y Acad Sci19957624744767668562
- LinASongCKenisGThe in vitro immunosuppressive effects of moclobemide in healthy volunteersJ Affect Disord2000581697410760560
- MaesMSongCLinAHNegative immunoregulatory effects of antidepressants: inhibition of interferon-gamma and stimulation of interleukin-10 secretionNeuropsychopharmacology199920437037910088138
- KuberaMLinAHKenisGBosmansEvanBDMaesMAnti- Inflammatory effects of antidepressants through suppression of the interferon-gamma/interleukin-10 production ratioJ Clin Psychopharmacol200121219920611270917
- O’BrienSMScullyPFitzgeraldPScottLVDinanTGPlasma cytokine profiles in depressed patients who fail to respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapyJ Psychiatr Res2007413432633116434055
- SzubaMPGuzeBHBaxterLRJrElectroconvulsive therapy increases circadian amplitude and lowers core body temperature in depressed subjectsBiol Psychiatry19974212113011379426883
- BerkMKapczinskiFAndreazzaACPathways underlying neuroprogression in bipolar disorder: focus on inflammation, oxidative stress and neurotrophic factorsNeurosci Biobehav Rev201135380481720934453
- PotvinSStipESepehryAAGendronABahRKouassiEInflammatory cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: a systematic quantitative reviewBiol Psychiatry200863880180818005941
- HartBLBiological basis of the behavior of sick animalsNeurosci Biobehav Rev19881221231373050629
- DantzerRCytokine-induced sickness behavior: mechanisms and implicationsAnn N Y Acad Sci200193322223412000023
- KentSBlutheRMKelleyKWDantzerRSickness behavior as a new target for drug developmentTrends Pharmacol Sci199213124281542935
- SmithRSThe macrophage theory of depressionMed Hypotheses19913542983061943879
- YirmiyaREndotoxin produces a depressive-like episode in ratsBrain Res1996711121631748680850
- KentSRodriguezFKelleyKWDantzerRReduction in food and water intake induced by microinjection of interleukin-1 beta in the ventromedial hypothalamus of the ratPhysiol Behav1994565103110367824567
- FaheyBHickeyBKelleherDO’DwyerAMO’MaraSMThe widely-used anti-viral drug interferon-alpha induces depressive- and anxiogenic-like effects in healthy ratsBehav Brain Res20071821808717588681
- FrenoisFMoreauMO’ConnorJLipopolysaccharide induces delayed FosB/DeltaFosB immunostaining within the mouse extended amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus, that parallel the expression of depressive-like behaviorPsychoneuroendocrinology200732551653117482371
- AnismanHPoulterMOGandhiRMeraliZHayleySInterferon-alpha effects are exaggerated when administered on a psychosocial stressor backdrop: cytokine, corticosterone and brain monoamine variationsJ Neuroimmunol2007186124553
- Righetti-VeltemaMConne-PerreardEBousquetAManzanoJRisk factors and predictive signs of postpartum depressionJ Affect Disord19984931671809629946
- Spath-SchwalbeEHansenKSchmidtFAcute effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 on endocrine and central nervous sleep functions in healthy menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab1998835157315799589658
- BrydonLHarrisonNAWalkerCSteptoeACritchleyHDPeripheral inflammation is associated with altered substantia nigra activity and psychomotor slowing in humansBiol Psychiatry200863111022102918242584
- EisenbergerNIInagakiTKRamesonLTMashalNMIrwinMRAn fMRI study of cytokine-induced depressed mood and social pain: the role of sex differencesNeuroimage200947388189019376240
- SchwarczRPellicciariRManipulation of brain kynurenines: glial targets, neuronal effects, and clinical opportunitiesJ Pharmacol Exp Ther2002303111012235226
- BenderDABiochemistry of tryptophan in health and diseaseMol Aspects Med1983621011976371429
- WernerERFuchsDHausenATryptophan degradation in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virusBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler198836953373403166737
- FuchsDForsmanAHagbergLImmune activation and decreased tryptophan in patients with HIV-1 infectionJ Interferon Res19901065996032128302
- FuchsDMollerAAReibneggerGStockleEWernerERWachterHDecreased serum tryptophan in patients with HIV-1 infection correlates with increased serum neopterin and with neurologic/psychiatric symptomsJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr19903998738762166783
- DaleWEDangYBrownORTryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway in rat brain and liver slicesFree Radic Biol Med200029219119810980407
- KonanKVTaylorMWImportance of the two interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) sequences in the regulation of the human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase geneJ Biol Chem19962713219140191458702590
- ChonSYHassanainHHPineRGuptaSLInvolvement of two regulatory elements in interferon-gamma-regulated expression of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase geneJ Interferon Cytokine Res19951565175267553221
- HeyesMPSaitoKMarkeySPHuman macrophages convert L-tryptophan into the neurotoxin quinolinic acidBiochem J1992283Pt 36336351534219
- Aberati-GianiDCesuraAMExpression of the kynurenine enzymes in macrophages and microglial cells: regulation by immune modulatorsAmino Acids19981413251255
- FujigakiHSaitoKFujigakiSThe signal transducer and activator of transcription 1alpha and interferon regulatory factor 1 are not essential for the induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by lipopolysaccharide: involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways, and synergistic effect of several proinflammatory cytokinesJ Biochem2006139465566216672265
- SchrocksnadelKWirleitnerBWinklerCFuchsDMonitoring tryptophan metabolism in chronic immune activationClin Chim Acta200636412829016153626
- O’ConnorJCLawsonMAAndreCInduction of IDO by bacille Calmette-Guerin is responsible for development of murine depressive-like behaviorJ Immunol200918253202321219234218
- O’ConnorJCAndreCWangYInterferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediate the upregulation of indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase and the induction of depressive-like behavior in mice in response to bacillus Calmette-GuerinJ Neurosci200929134200420919339614
- O’ConnorJCLawsonMAAndreCLipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior is mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation in miceMol Psychiatry200914551152218195714
- AlterMJEpidemiology of hepatitis CHepatology1997263 Suppl 162S65S9305666
- ShepardCWFinelliLAlterMJGlobal epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infectionLancet Infect Dis20055955856716122679
- LauerGMWalkerBDHepatitis C virus infectionN Engl J Med20013451415211439948
- DieperinkEHoSBThurasPWillenbringMLA prospective study of neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with interferon-alpha-2b and ribavirin therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis CPsychosomatics200344210411212618532
- HorikawaNYamazakiTIzumiNUchiharaMIncidence and clinical course of major depression in patients with chronic hepatitis type C undergoing interferon-alpha therapy: a prospective studyGen Hosp Psychiatry2003251343812583926
- HauserPKhoslaJAuroraHA prospective study of the incidence and open-label treatment of interferon-induced major depressive disorder in patients with hepatitis CMol Psychiatry20027994294712399946
- KrausMRSchaferAFallerHCsefHScheurlenMPsychiatric symptoms in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving interferon alfa-2b therapyJ Clin Psychiatry200364670871412823087
- SchaferAWittchenHUSeufertJKrausMRMethodological approaches in the assessment of interferon-alfa-induced depression in patients with chronic hepatitis C – a critical reviewInt J Methods Psychiatr Res200716418620118188838
- BonaccorsoSPuzellaAMarinoVImmunotherapy with interferon-alpha in patients affected by chronic hepatitis C induces an intercorrelated stimulation of the cytokine network and an increase in depressive and anxiety symptomsPsychiatry Res200110512455511740970
- WichersMCKenisGKoekGHRobaeysGNicolsonNAMaesMInterferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms are related to changes in the cytokine network but not to cortisolJ Psychosom Res200762220721417270579
- WichersMCKoekGHRobaeysGVerkerkRScharpeSMaesMIDO and interferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms: a shift in hypothesis from tryptophan depletion to neurotoxicityMol Psychiatry200510653854415494706
- RaisonCLDantzerRKelleyKWCSF concentrations of brain tryptophan and kynurenines during immune stimulation with IFN-alpha: relationship to CNS immune responses and depressionMol Psychiatry201015439340319918244
- RoseWCHainesWJWarnerDTThe amino acid requirement of man. V. The role of lysine, arginine and tryptophanJournal of Biological Chemistry1950206142143013130563
- SchaechterJDWurtmanRJSerotonin release varies with brain tryptophan levelsBrain Res1990532122032102178030
- AndersonIMFerrierINBaldwinRCEvidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: a revision of the 2000 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelinesJ Psychopharmacol200822434339618413657
- DelgadoPLCharneyDSPriceLHAghajanianGKLandisHHeningerGRSerotonin function and the mechanism of antidepressant action. Reversal of antidepressant-induced remission by rapid depletion of plasma tryptophanArch Gen Psychiatry19904754114182184795
- HoodSDBellCJNuttDJAcute tryptophan depletion. Part I: rationale and methodologyAust N Z J Psychiatry200539755856415996136
- MaesMMeltzerHYScharpeSRelationships between lower plasma L-tryptophan levels and immune-inflammatory variables in depressionPsychiatry Res19934921511657908745
- ReimoldMBatraAKnobelAAnxiety is associated with reduced central serotonin transporter availability in unmedicated patients with unipolar major depression: a [11C]DASB PET studyMol Psychiatry200813660661355718268503
- JoensuuMTolmunenTSaarinenPIReduced midbrain serotonin transporter availability in drug-naive patients with depression measured by SERT-specific [(123)I] nor-beta-CIT SPECT imagingPsychiatry Res2007154212513117289353
- SargentPAKjaerKHBenchCJBrain serotonin1 A receptor binding measured by positron emission tomography with [11C] WAY–100635: effects of depression and antidepressant treatmentArch Gen Psychiatry200057217418010665620
- DrevetsWCThaseMEMoses-KolkoELSerotonin-1 A receptor imaging in recurrent depression: replication and literature reviewNucl Med Biol200734786587717921037
- YathamLNLiddlePFShiahISBrain serotonin2 receptors in major depression: a positron emission tomography studyArch Gen Psychiatry200057985085810986548
- DoggrellSAThe role of 5-HT on the cardiovascular and renal systems and the clinical potential of 5-HT modulationExpert Opin Investig Drugs2003125805823
- BonaccorsoSMarinoVPuzellaAIncreased depressive ratings in patients with hepatitis C receiving interferon-alpha-based immunotherapy are related to interferon-alpha-induced changes in the serotonergic systemJ Clin Psychopharmacol2002221869011799348
- KrausMRSchaferAFallerHCsefHScheurlenMParoxetine for the treatment of interferon-alpha-induced depression in chronic hepatitis CAliment Pharmacol Ther20021661091109912030950
- MusselmanDLLawsonDHGumnickJFParoxetine for the prevention of depression induced by high-dose interferon alfaN Engl J Med20013441396196611274622
- McMenamyRHBinding of indole analogues to human serum albumin. Effects of fatty acidsJ Biol Chem196524011423542435845825
- OldendorfWHSzaboJAmino acid assignment to one of three blood-brain barrier amino acid carriersAm J Physiol1976230194981251917
- SalomonRMKennedyJSJohnsonBWAssociation of a critical CSF tryptophan threshold level with depressive relapseNeuropsychopharmacology200328595696012736634
- FernstromJDDiet-induced changes in plasma amino acid pattern: effects on the brain uptake of large neutral amino acids, and on brain serotonin synthesisJ Neural Transm Suppl1979155567290763
- RaisonCLBorisovASMajerMActivation of central nervous system inflammatory pathways by interferon-alpha: relationship to monoamines and depressionBiol Psychiatry200965429630318801471
- JouvetMSleep and serotonin: an unfinished storyNeuropsychopharmacology1999212 Suppl24S27S10432485
- CapuronLMillerAHCytokines and psychopathology: lessons from interferon-alphaBiol Psychiatry2004561181982415576057
- BhattiTGillinJCSeifritzEEffects of a tryptophan-free amino acid drink challenge on normal human sleep electroencephalogram and moodBiol Psychiatry199843152599442344
- MoorePGillinCBhattiTRapid tryptophan depletion, sleep electroencephalogram, and mood in men with remitted depression on serotonin reuptake inhibitorsArch Gen Psychiatry19985565345399633672
- Carhart-HarrisRLNuttDJMunafoMRChristmasDMWilsonSJEquivalent effects of acute tryptophan depletion on REM sleep in ecstasy users and controlsPsychopharmacology (Berl)2009206218719619585107
- WilsonSJBaileyJERichASAdroverMPotokarJNuttDJUsing sleep to evaluate comparative serotonergic effects of paroxetine and citalopramEur Neuropsychopharmacol2004141536737215336297
- RaisonCLRyeDBWoolwineBJChronic interferon-alpha administration disrupts sleep continuity and depth in patients with hepatitis c: association with fatigue, motor slowing, and increased evening cortisolBiol Psychiatry2010681094294920537611
- BoissardRGervasoniDSchmidtMHBarbagliBFortPLuppiPHThe rat ponto-medullary network responsible for paradoxical sleep onset and maintenance: a combined microinjection and functional neuroanatomical studyEur J Neurosci200216101959197312453060
- FullerPMSaperCBLuJThe pontine REM switch: past and presentJ Physiol2007584Pt 373574117884926
- KnoxWEMehlerAHThe conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine in liver. I. The coupled tryptophan peroxidase-oxidase system forming formylkynurenineJ Biol Chem1950187141943014794727
- SilvaNMRodriguesCVSantoroMMReisLFAlvarez-LeiteJIGazzinelliRTExpression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, tryptophan degradation, and kynurenine formation during in vivo infection with Toxoplasma gondii: induction by endogenous gamma interferon and requirement of interferon regulatory factor 1Infect Immun200270285986811796621
- OkudaSNishiyamaNSaitoHKatsukiH3-Hydroxykynurenine, an endogenous oxidative stress generator, causes neuronal cell death with apoptotic features and region selectivityJ Neurochem19987012993079422375
- StoneTWEndogenous neurotoxins from tryptophanToxicon2001391617310936623
- SantamariaAGalvan-ArzateSLisyVQuinolinic acid induces oxidative stress in rat brain synaptosomesNeuroreport200112487187411277599
- BehanWMMcDonaldMDarlingtonLGStoneTWOxidative stress as a mechanism for quinolinic acid-induced hippocampal damage: protection by melatonin and deprenylBr J Pharmacol199912881754176010588931
- StoneTWAddaeJIThe pharmacological manipulation of glutamate receptors and neuroprotectionEur J Pharmacol200244723285296
- SaitoKCrowleyJSMarkeySPHeyesMPA mechanism for increased quinolinic acid formation following acute systemic immune stimulationJ Biol Chem19932682115496155038340378
- WuHQGuidettiPGoodmanJHKynurenergic manipulations influence excitatory synaptic function and excitotoxic vulnerability in the rat hippocampus in vivoNeuroscience200097224325110799756
- MyintAMKimYKVerkerkRScharpeSSteinbuschHLeonardBKynurenine pathway in major depression: evidence of impaired neuroprotectionJ Affect Disord2007981214315116963126
- MullerNSchwarzMJDehningSThe cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib has therapeutic effects in major depression: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, add-on pilot study to reboxetineMol Psychiatry200611768068416491133
- MendlewiczJKriwinPOswaldPSoueryDAlboniSBrunelloNShortened onset of action of antidepressants in major depression using acetylsalicylic acid augmentation: a pilot open-label studyInt Clin Psychopharmacol200621422723116687994
- LokeYKTrivediANSinghSMeta-analysis: gastrointestinal bleeding due to interaction between selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsAliment Pharmacol Ther2008271314017919277
- KerrSJSayerGPWhickerSDRowettDSSaltmanDCMantAAll-cause mortality of elderly Australian veterans using COX-2 selective or non-selective NSAIDs: a longitudinal studyBr J Clin Pharmacol201171693694221276041
- AbrahamNSEl-SeragHBHartmanCRichardsonPDeswalACyclooxygenase-2 selectivity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidentAliment Pharmacol Ther200725891392417402995
- LobSKonigsrainerARammenseeHGOpelzGTernessPInhibitors of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase for cancer therapy: can we see the wood for the trees?Nat Rev Cancer20099644545219461669
- BerginkVvan MegenHJWestenbergHGGlutamate and anxietyEur Neuropsychopharmacol200414317518315056476
- SwansonCJBuresMJohnsonMPLindenAMMonnJASchoeppDDMetabotropic glutamate receptors as novel targets for anxiety and stress disordersNat Rev Drug Discov20054213114415665858
- Aan het RotMCollinsKAMurroughJWSafety and efficacy of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine for treatment-resistant depressionBiol Psychiatry201067213914519897179
- BermanRMCappielloAAnandAAntidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patientsBiol Psychiatry200047435135410686270
- MathewSJMurroughJWaan het RotMCollinsKAReichDLCharneyDSRiluzole for relapse prevention following intravenous ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: a pilot randomized, placeb-controlled continuation trialInt J Neuropsychopharmacol2010131718219288975
- Machado-VieiraRYuanPBrutscheNBrain-derived neurotrophic factor and initial antidepressant response to an N-methyl- D-aspartate antagonistJ Clin Psychiatry200970121662166619744406
- ZarateCAJrSinghJBCarlsonPJA randomized trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major depressionArch Gen Psychiatry200663885686416894061