Optimal treatment of social phobia: systematic review and meta-analysis

References

• American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders4th edWashington DCAmerican Psychiatric Association2000
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders3rd edWashington, DCAmerican Psychiatric Association1980
   Google Scholar
• MageeWJEatonWWWittchenH-UMcGonagleKAKesslerRCAgoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the National Comorbidity SurveyArch Gen Psychiatry19965321591688629891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RuscioABrownTChiuWSareenJSteinMKesslerRSocial fears and social phobia in the USA: results from the National Comorbidity Survey ReplicationPsychol Med2008381152817976249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinMBKeanYMDisability and quality of life in social phobia: epidemiologic findingsAm J Psychiatry2000157101606161311007714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KatzelnickDJKobakKADeLeireTImpact of generalized social anxiety disorder in managed careAm J Psychiatry2001158121999200711729016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DavidsonJRHughesDGeorgeLKBlazerDGThe epidemiology of social phobia: findings from the Duke Epidemiological Catchment Area StudyPsychol Med19932337097188234577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWitDJOgborneAOffordDMacDonaldKAntecedents of the risk of recovery from DSM-III-R social phobiaPsychol Med199929356958210405078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChartierMJHazenALSteinMBLifetime patterns of social phobia: a retrospective study of the course of social phobia in a nonclinical populationDepress Anxiety1998731131219656091
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SchneierFRJohnsonJHornigCDLiebowitzMRWeissmanMMSocial phobia: comorbidity and morbidity in an epidemiologic sampleArch Gen Psychiatry19924942822881558462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchneierFRFooseTEHasinDSSocial anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorder co-morbidity in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related ConditionsPsychol Med201040697798820441690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KesslerRCUstunTBThe WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental DisordersNew York, NYCambridge University Press2008
   Google Scholar
• SchneierFRPharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorderExpert Opin Pharmacother201112461562521241211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RavindranLNSteinMBThe pharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorders: a review of progressJ Clin Psychiatry201071783985420667290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AcarturkCCuijpersPvan StratenAde GraafRPsychological treatment of social anxiety disorder: a meta-analysisPsychol Med200939224125418507874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PowersMBSigmarssonSEmmelkampPMGA meta-analytic review of psychological treatments for social anxiety disorderInt J Cogn Ther20081294113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GanasenKIpserJSteinDAugmentation of cognitive behavioral therapy with pharmacotherapyPsychiatr Clin North Am201033368769920599140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinDJBaldwinDSBandelowBA 2010 evidence-based algorithm for the pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorderCurr Psychiatry Rep201012547147720686872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuyWECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology – RevisedRockville, MDNational Institute of Mental Health1976
   Google Scholar
• BandelowBSeidler-BrandlerUBeckerAWedekindDRütherEMeta-analysis of randomized controlled comparisons of psychopharmacological and psychological treatments for anxiety disordersWorld J Biol Psychiatry20078317518717654408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinDJIpserJvan BalkomAJPharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorderCochrane Database Syst Rev20004
   Google Scholar
• SteinMBLiebowitzMRLydiardRBPittsCDBushnellWGergelIParoxetine treatment of generalized social phobia (social anxiety disorder): a randomized controlled trialJAMA199828087087139728642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiebowitzMRGelenbergAJMunjackDVenlafaxine extended release vs placebo and paroxetine in social anxiety disorderArch Gen Psychiatry2005a62219019815699296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiebowitzMRSteinMBTancerMCarpenterDOakesRPittsCDA randomized, double-blind, fixed-dose comparison of paroxetine and placebo in treatment of generalized social anxiety disorderJ Clin Psychiatry2002631667411838629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LepolaUBergtholdtBSt LambertJDavyKLRuggieroLControlled-release paroxetine in the treatment of patients with social anxiety disorderJ Clin Psychiatry200465222222915003077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaderMStenderKBürgerVNilREfficacy and tolerability of escitalopram in 12- and 24-week treatment of social anxiety disorder: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose studyDepress Anxiety200419424124815274173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BaldwinDBobesJSteinDJScharwachterIFaureMParoxetine in social phobia/social anxiety disorder. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Paroxetine Study GroupBr J Psychiatry1999175212012610627793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AllgulanderCManganoRZhangJEfficacy of venlafaxine ER in patients with social anxiety disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison with paroxetineHum Psychopharmacol200419638739615303242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AllgulanderCParoxetine in social anxiety disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled studyActa Psychiatr Scand1999100319319810493085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KasperSSteinDJLoftHNilREscitalopram in the treatment of social anxiety disorderBr J Psychiatry2005186322222615738503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhangWConnorKMDavidsonJRTLevetiracetam in social phobia: a placebo controlled pilot studyJ Psychopharmacol200519555155316166192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KobakKAGreistJHJeffersonJWKatzelnickDJFluoxetine in social phobia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot studyJ Clin Psychopharmacol200222325726212006895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DavidsonJRTFoaEBHuppertJDFluoxetine, comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy, and placebo in generalized social phobiaArch Gen Psychiatry2004a61101005101315466674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van VlietIBoerJWestenbergHPsychopharmacological treatment of social phobia; a double blind placebo controlled study with fluvoxaminePsychopharmacology199411511281347862884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinMBFyerAJDavidsonJRPollackMHWiitaBFluvoxamine treatment of social phobia (social anxiety disorder): a double-blind, placebo-controlled studyAm J Psychiatry1999156575676010327910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DavidsonJYaryura-TobiasJDuPontRFluvoxamine-controlled release formulation for the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorderJ Clin Psychopharmacol2004b24211812515206657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van AmeringenMALaneRMWalkerJRSertraline treatment of generalized social phobia: a 20-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyAm J Psychiatry2001158227528111156811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiebowitzMRDeMartinisNAWeihsKEfficacy of sertraline in severe generalized social anxiety disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled studyJ Clin Psychiatry200364778579212934979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlomhoffSHaugTTHellstromKRandomised controlled general practice trial of sertraline, exposure therapy and combined treatment in generalised social phobiaBr J Psychiatry20011791233011435264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MontgomerySANilRDurr-PalNLoftHBoulengerJPA 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of escitalopram for the prevention of generalized social anxiety disorderJ Clin Psychiatry200566101270127816259540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinMBChartierMJHazenALParoxetine in the treatment of generalized social phobia: open-label treatment and double-blind placebo-controlled discontinuationJ Clin Psychopharmacol19961632182228784653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinDJVersianiMHairTKumarREfficacy of paroxetine for relapse prevention in social anxiety disorder: a 24-week studyArch Gen Psychiatry200259121111111812470127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalkerJRVan AmeringenMASwinsonRPrevention of relapse in generalized social phobia: results of a 24-week study in responders to 20 weeks of sertraline treatmentJ Clin Psychopharmacol200020663664411106135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DonovanMRGluePKolluriSEmirBComparative efficacy of antidepressants in preventing relapse in anxiety disorders – a meta-analysisJ Affective Dis20101231916
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SimonNMWorthingtonJJMoshierSJGeneralized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized trial of increased dose to optimize responseCNS Spectr2010157436443
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinMBPollackMHBystritskyAKelseyJEManganoRMEfficacy of low and higher dose extended-release venlafaxine in generalized social anxiety disorder: a 6-month randomized controlled trialPsychopharmacology2005177328028815258718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RickelsKManganoRKhanAA double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a flexible dose of venlafaxine ER in adult outpatients with generalized social anxiety disorderJ Clin Psychopharmacol200424548849615349004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiebowitzMRManganoRMBradwejnJAsnisGSAD Study GroupA randomized controlled trial of venlafaxine extended release in generalized social anxiety disorderJ Clin Psychiatry2005b66223824715705011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QuitkinFMStewartJWMcGrathPJTricamoEColumbia atypical depression: a subgroup of depressives with better response to MAOI than to tricyclic antidepressants or placeboBr J Psychiatry1993163Suppl 213034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VersianiMNardiAMundimFAlvesALiebowitzMAmreinRPharmacotherapy of social phobia. A controlled study with moclobemide and phenelzineBr J Psychiatry199216133533601393304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiebowitzMRSchneierFCampeasRPhenelzine vs atenolol in social phobia: A placebo-controlled comparisonArch Gen Psychiatry19924942903001558463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HeimbergRGLiebowitzMRHopeDACognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcomeArch Gen Psychiatry19985512113311419862558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GelernterCSUhdeTWCimbolicPCognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments of social phobia: a controlled studyArch Gen Psychiatry199148109389451929764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VersianiMMundimFDNardiAELiebowitzMRTranylcypromine in social phobiaJ Clin Psychopharmacol1988842792833209719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NuttDJGluePMonoamine oxidase inhibitors: rehabilitation from recent research?Br J Psychiatry19891542872912688773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van VlietIMden BoerJAWestenburgHGPsychopharmacological treatment of social phobia: clinical and biochemical effects of brofaromine, a selective MAO-A inhibitorEur Neuropsychopharmacol19922121291638170
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LottMGreistJHJeffersonJWBrofaromine for social phobia: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind studyJ Clin Psychopharmacol19971742552609241003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FahlénTNilssonHLBorgKHumbleMPauliUSocial phobia: the clinical efficacy and tolerability of the monoamine oxidase A and serotonin uptake inhibitor brofaromine: a double-blind placebo-controlled studyActa Psychiatr Scand19959253513588619339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinDJCameronAAmreinRMoclobemide is effective and well tolerated in the long-term pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder with or without comorbid anxiety disorderInt Clin Psychopharmacol200217416117012131599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchneierFRGoetzDCampeasRFallonBMarshallRLiebowitzMRPlacebo-controlled trial of moclobemide in social phobiaBr J Psychiatry1998172170779534836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OosterbaanDBvan BalkomAJLMSpinhovenPvan OppenPvan DyckRCognitive therapy versus moclobemide in social phobia: a controlled studyClin Psychol Psychother200184263273
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NoyesRJMorozGDavidsonJRTMoclobemide in social phobia: a controlled dose-response trialJ Clin Psychopharmacol19971742472549241002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KatschnigHMoclobemide in social phobiaEur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci1997247271809177952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SimpsonHBSchneierFRCampeasRBImipramine in the treatment of social phobiaJ Clin Psychopharmacol19981821321359555598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeaumontGA large open multicentre trial of clomipramine (Anafranil) in the management of phobic disordersJ Int Med Res1977Suppl 5116123598600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RavindranLNKimDSLetamendiAMSteinMBA randomized controlled trial of atomoxetine in generalized social anxiety disorderJ Clin Psychopharmacol200929656156419910721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MuehlbacherMNickelMKNickelCMirtazapine treatment of social phobia in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyJ Clin Psychopharmacol200525658058316282842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchuttersSIJVan MegenHJGMVan VeenJFDenysDAJPWestenbergHGMMirtazapine in generalized social anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyInt Clin Psychopharmacol201025530230420715300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van AmeringenMManciniCOakmanJNefazodone in the treatment of generalized social phobia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trialJ Clin Psychiatry200768228829517335328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MulaMPiniSCassanoGBThe role of anticonvulsant drugs in anxiety disorders: a critical review of the evidenceJ Clin Psychopharmacol200727326327217502773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DooleyDJTaylorCPDonevanSFeltnerDCa2+ channel [alpha] 2 [delta] ligands: novel modulators of neurotransmissionTrends Pharmacol Sci2007282758217222465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PandeACDavidsonJRTJeffersonJWTreatment of social phobia with gabapentin: a placebo-controlled studyJ Clin Psychopharmacol199919434134810440462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PandeACFeltnerDEJeffersonJWEfficacy of the novel anxiolytic pregabalin in social anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled, multicenter studyJ Clin Psychopharmacol200424214114915206660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FeltnerDELiu-DumawMSchweizerEBielskiREfficacy of pregabalin in generalized social anxiety disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose studyInt Clin Psychopharmacol201126421322021368587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GluePLoanAGaleCNew prospects for the drug treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic reviewCurr Drug Ther2010528694
   Google Scholar
• SteinMRavindranLSimonNLevetiracetam in generalized social anxiety disorder: a double-blind, randomized controlled trialJ Clin Psychiatry201071562763120021997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KinrysGPollackMHSimonNMWorthingtonJJNardiAEVersianiMValproic acid for the treatment of social anxiety disorderInt Clin Psychopharmacol200318316917212702897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van AmeringenMManciniCPipeBOakmanJBennettMAn open trial of topiramate in the treatment of generalized social phobiaJ Clin Psychiatry200465121674167815641873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DunlopBWPappLGarlowSJWeissPSKnightBTNinanPTTiagabine for social anxiety disorderHum Psychopharmacol200722424124417476705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BenítezCIPSmithKVasileRGRendeREdelenMOKellerMBUse of benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in middle-aged and older adults with anxiety disorders: a longitudinal and prospective studyAm J Geriatric Psych2008161513
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VasileRGBruceSEGoismanRMPaganoMKellerMBResults of a naturalistic longitudinal study of benzodiazepine and SSRI use in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and social phobiaDepress Anxiety2005222596716094662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DavidsonJRPottsNRichichiEKrishnanKRTreatment of social phobia with clonazepam and placeboJ Clin Psychopharmacol19931364234288120156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VersianiMNardiAEFigueiraIMendlowiczMMarquesCDouble-blind placebo controlled trial with bromazepam in social phobiaJ Bras Psiquiatr1997463167171 Portuguese
   Google Scholar
• ConnorKMDavidsonJRTPottsNLSDiscontinuation of clonazepam in the treatment of social phobiaJ Clin Psychopharmacol19981853733789790154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SeedatSSteinMBDouble-blind, placebo-controlled assessment of combined clonazepam with paroxetine compared with paroxetine monotherapy for generalized social anxiety disorderJ Clin Psychiatry200465224424815003080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ComerJSMojtabaiROlfsonMNational trends in the antipsychotic treatment of psychiatric outpatients with anxiety disordersAm J Psychiatry2011168101057106521799067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarnettSDKramerMLCasatCDConnorKMDavidsonJRTEfficacy of olanzapine in social anxiety disorder: a pilot studyJ Psychopharmacol200216436536812503837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VaishnaviSAlamySZhangWConnorKMDavidsonJRTQuetiapine as monotherapy for social anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled studyProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry20073171464146917698275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DavidsonJPharmacotherapy of social phobiaActa Psychiatr Scand Suppl2003417657112950437
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KoszyckiDBengerMShlikJBradwejnJRandomized trial of a meditation-based stress reduction program and cognitive behavior therapy in generalized social anxiety disorderBehav Res Ther200745102518252617572382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BorgeF-MHoffartASextonHClarkDMMarkowitzJCMcManusFResidential cognitive therapy versus residential interpersonal therapy for social phobia: a randomized clinical trialJ Anxiety Disord2008226991101018035519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StangierUSchrammEHeidenreichTBergerMClarkDMCognitive therapy vs interpersonal psychotherapy in social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trialArch Gen Psychiatry201168769270021727253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HedmanEAnderssonGLjótssonBInternet-based cognitive behavior therapy vs cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trialPloS One201163e1800121483704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndrewsGDaviesMTitovNEffectiveness randomized controlled trial of face to face versus Internet cognitive behaviour therapy for social phobiaAust N Z J Psychiatry201145433734021323490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClarkDMEhlersAMcManusFCognitive therapy versus fluoxetine in generalized social phobia: a randomized placebo-controlled trialJ Consult Clin Psychol20037161058106714622081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiebowitzMRHeimbergRGSchneierFRCognitive-behavioral group therapy versus phenelzine in social phobia: Long term outcomeDepress Anxiety1999103899810604081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HaugTTBlomhoffSHellstromKExposure therapy and sertraline in social phobia: I-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trialBr J Psychiatry2003182431231812668406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlancoCHeimbergRGSchneierFRA placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorderArch Gen Psychiatry201067328629520194829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PraskoJDockeryCHorácekJMoclobemide and cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of social phobia. A six-month controlled study and 24 months follow upNeuroendocrinol Lett200627447348116891998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KnijnikDZBlancoCSalumGAA pilot study of clonazepam versus psychodynamic group therapy plus clonazepam in the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorderEur Psychiatry200823856757418774274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ScottKMcGeeMOakley BrowneMWellsJEMental disorder comorbidity in Te Rau Hinengaro: the New Zealand Mental Health Survey (NZMHS)Aust N Z J Psychiatry2006401087588116959013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HindmarchICognitive toxicity of pharmacotherapeutic agents used in social anxiety disorderInt J Clin Pract20096371085109419570125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CurranVHBenzodiazepines, memory and mood: a reviewPsychopharmacology19911051181684055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GluePGaleCOff-label use of quetiapine in New Zealand – a cause for concern?N Z Med J20111241336101321946739
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PhilipNSMelloKCarpenterLLTyrkaARPriceLHPatterns of quetiapine use in psychiatric inpatients: an examination of off-label useAnn Clin Psychiatry2008201152018297582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RushATrivediMWisniewskiSAcute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR* D reportAm J Psychiatry2006163111905191717074942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiebowitzMRSocial phobiaMod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry1987221411732885745
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MarksIMMathewsAMBrief standard self-rating for phobic patientsBehav Res Ther1979173263267526242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HamiltonMThe assessment of anxiety states by ratingBr J Med Psychol1959321505513638508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar