References
- SchoneckerMParoxysmal dyskinesia as the effect of megaphenNervenarzt19572812550553 German13517450
- KenneyCHunterCDavidsonAJankovicJMetoclopramide, an increasingly recognized cause of tardive dyskinesiaJ Clin Pharmacol200848337938418223146
- RaoASCamilleriMReview article: metoclopramide and tardive dyskinesiaAliment Pharmacol Ther2010311111919886950
- WoernerMGKaneJMLiebermanJThe prevalence of tardive dyskinesiaJ Clin Psychopharmacol199111134421674949
- KaneJMSmithJMTardive dyskinesia: prevalence and risk factors, 1959 to 1979Arch Gen Psychiatry19823944734816121548
- EberhardJLindströmELevanderSTardive dyskinesia and antipsychotics: a 5-year longitudinal study of frequency, correlates and courseInt Clin Psychopharmacol2006211354216317315
- JesteDVCaligiuriMPPaulsenJSRisk of tardive dyskinesia in older patients. A prospective longitudinal study of 266 outpatientsArch Gen Psychiatry19955297567657654127
- HeimerLA new anatomical framework for neuropsychiatric disorders and drug abuseAm J Psychiatry2003160101726173914514480
- CummingsJLFrontal-subcortical circuits and human behaviorArch Neurol19935088738808352676
- MinkJWThe basal ganglia: focused selection and inhibition of competing motor programsProg Neurobiol19965043814259004351
- MarchandWRDildaVNew models of frontal-subcortical skeletomotor circuit pathology in tardive dyskinesiaNeuroscientist200612318619816684965
- MargoleseHCChouinardGKolivakisTTBeauclairLMillerRAnnableLTardive dyskinesia in the era of typical and atypical antipsychotics. Part 2: Incidence and management strategies in patients with schizophreniaCan J Psychiatry2005501170371416363464
- ShedlackKJSoldat-CoutureCSwansonCLJrRapidly progressive tardive dyskinesia in AIDSBiol Psychiatry19943521471488167213
- OhmoriOShinkaiTHoriHMatsumotoCNakamuraJA perspective on molecular genetic studies of tardive dyskinesia: one clue for individualized antipsychotic drug therapyProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry200327458158612787842
- Van HartenPNTenbackDETardive dyskinesia: clinical presentation and treatmentInt Rev Neurobiol20119818721021907088
- KhotVWyattRJNot all that moves is tardive dyskinesiaAm J Psychiatry199114856616661673323
- ArthurHDahlMLSiwersBSjöqvistFPolymorphic drug metabolism in schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesiaJ Clin Psychopharmacol19951532112167635999
- AndreassenOAMacEwanTGulbrandsenAKMcCreadieRGSteenVMNon-functional CYP2D6 alleles and risk for neuroleptic-induced movement disorders in schizophrenic patientsPsychopharmacology (Berl)199713121741799201806
- ArmstrongMDalyAKBlennerhassettRFerrierNIdleJRAntipsychotic drug-induced movement disorders in schizophrenics in relation to CYP2D6 genotypeBr J Psychiatry199717023269068770
- SachseCBrockmöllerJBauerSRootsICytochrome P450 2D6 variants in a Caucasian population: allele frequencies and phenotypic consequencesAm J Hum Genet19976022842959012401
- OhmoriOKojimoHShinkaiTTeraoTSuzukiTAbeKGenetic association analysis between CYP2D6*2 allele and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patientsPsychiatry Res1999872–323924410579557
- LamLCGarcia-BarceloMMUngvariGSCytochrome P450 2D6 genotyping and association with tardive dyskinesia in Chinese schizophrenic patientsPharmopsychiatry2001346238241
- BasileVSOzdemirVMasellisMA functional polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) gene: association with tardive dyskinesia in schizophreniaMol Psychiatry20005441041710889552
- SchulzeTGSchumacherJMüllerDLack of association between a functional polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) gene and tardive dyskinesia in schizophreniaAm J Med Genet2001105649850111496364
- PatsopoulosNANtzaniEEZintzarasEIoannidisJPCYP2D6 polymorphisms and the risk of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: a meta-analysisPharmacogenet Genomics200515315115815861039
- MillerRChouinardGLoss of striatal cholinergic neurons as a basis for tardive and L-dopa-induced dyskinesias, neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity psychosis and refractory schizophreniaBiol Psychiatry199334107137387904833
- SachdevPSThe current status of tardive dyskinesiaAust N Z J Psychiatry200034335536910881961
- RosengartenHSchweitzerJWFriedhoffAJInduction of oral dyskinesias in naive rats by D1stimulationLife Sci19833325247924826227782
- MarsdenCDJennerPThe pathophysiology of extrapyramidal side-effects of neuroleptic drugsPsychol Med198010155726104342
- CalabresiPDe MurtasMMercuriNBBernardiGChronic neuroleptic treatment: D2 dopamine receptor supersensitivity and striatal glutamatergic transmissionAnn Neurol19923143663731350190
- TurronePRemingtonGKapurSNobregaJNThe relationship between dopamine D2 receptor occupancy and the vacuous chewing movement syndrome in ratsPsychopharmacology (Berl)2003165216617112417967
- CrowTJCrossAJJohnstoneECOwenFOwensDGWaddingtonJLAbnormal involuntary movements in schizophrenia: are they related to the disease process or its treatment? Are they associated with changes in dopamine receptors?J Clin Psychopharmacol1982253363407130435
- SibleyDRMonsmaFJJrShenYMolecular biology of dopaminergic receptorsInt Rev Neurobiol1993353914158463063
- MalikPAndersenMBPeacockLThe effects of dopamine D3 agonists and antagonists in a nonhuman primate model of tardive dyskinesiaPharmacol Biochem Behav200478480581015301939
- UtsunomiyaKShinkaiTSakataSGenetic association between the dopamine D3 receptor gene polymorphism (Ser9Gly) and tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia: a reevaluation in East Asian populationsNeurosci Lett20125071525622172931
- BasileVSOzdemirVMasellisMLack of association between serotonin-2A receptor gene (HTR2A) polymorphisms and tardive dyskinesia in schizophreniaMol Psychiatry20016223023411317228
- SegmanRHHeresco-LevyUFinkelBAssociation between the serotonin 2A receptor gene and tardive dyskinesia in chronic schizophreniaMol Psychiatry20016222522911317227
- OhmoriOShinkaiTHoriHNakamuraJGenetic association analysis of 5-HT(6) receptor gene polymorphism (267C/T) with tardive dyskinesiaPsychiatry Res200211029710212057822
- SyuAIshiguroHInadaTAssociation of the HSPG2 gene with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesiaNeuropsychopharmacology20103551155116420072119
- GreenbaumLAlkelaiAZozulinskyPKohnYLererBSupport for association of HSPG2 with tardive dyskinesia in Caucasian populationsPharmacogenomics J201212651352021808285
- MüllerDJChowdhuryNIZaiCCThe pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic-induced adverse eventsCurr Opin Psychiatry201326214415023370274
- NitscheMAMüller-DahlhausFPaulusWZiemannUThe pharmacology of neuroplasticity induced by non-invasive brain stimulation: building models for the clinical use of CNS active drugsJ Physiol2012590Pt 194641466222869014
- TeoJTTerranovaCSwayneOGreenwoodRJRothwellJCDiffering effects of intracortical circuits on plasticityExp Brain Res2009193455556319048237
- KorchounovAZiemannUNeuromodulatory neurotransmitters influence LTP-like plasticity in human cortex: a pharmaco-TMS studyNeuropsychopharmacology20113691894190221544070
- HasanAMisewitschKNitscheMAImpaired motor cortex responses in non-psychotic first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients: a cathodal tDCS pilot studyBrain Stimul Epub3222013
- TeoJTEdwardsMJBhatiaKTardive dyskinesia is caused by maladaptive synaptic plasticity: a hypothesisMov Disord201227101205121522865512
- WoodsSWMorgensternHSaksaJRIncidence of tardive dyskinesia with atypical versus conventional antipsychotic medications: a prospective cohort studyJ Clin Psychiatry201071446347420156410
- KahnRSFleischhackerWWBoterHEUFEST study groupEffectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder: an open randomised clinical trialLancet200837196181085109718374841
- LeuchtSKisslingWDavisJMSecond-generation antipsychotics for schizophrenia: can we resolve the conflict?Psychol Med200939101591160219335931
- EganMFApudJWyattRJTreatment of tardive dyskinesiaSchizophr Bull19972345836099365997
- SakaiKGaoXMHashimotoTTammingaCATraditional and new antipsychotic drugs differentially alter neurotransmission markers in basal ganglia-thalamocortical neural pathwaysSynapse200139215216011180502
- VeselyCKüfferleBBrückeTKasperSRemission of severe tardive dyskinesia in a schizophrenic patient treated with the atypical antipsychotic substance quetiapineInt Clin Psychopharmacol20001515760
- SoutulloCAKeckPEJrMcElroySLOlanzapine in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a report of two casesJ Clin Psychopharmacol19991911001019934952
- ChouinardGEffects of risperidone in tardive dyskinesia: an analysis of the Canadian multicenter risperidone studyJ Clin Psychopharmacol1995151 Suppl 136S44S7537286
- TarsyDLunguCBaldessariniRJEpidemiology of tardive dyskinesia before and during the era of modern antipsychotic drugsHandb Clin Neurol201110060161621496610
- FactorSAFriedmanJHThe emerging role of clozapine in the treatment of movement disordersMov Disord19971244834969251065
- SimpsonGMLeeJHShrivastavaRKClozapine in tardive dyskinesiaPsychopharmacol (Berl)19785617580
- LiebermanJASaltzBLJohnsCAPollackSBorensteinMKaneJThe effects of clozapine on tardive dyskinesiaBr J Psychiatry19911585035101675900
- SmallJGMilsteinVMarhenkeJDHallDDKellamsJJTreatment outcome with clozapine in tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic sensitivity, and treatment-resistant psychosisJ Clin Psychiatry19874872632672885310
- NatesanSRecklessGENobregaJNFletcherPJKapurSDissociation between in vivo occupancy and functional antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors: comparing aripiprazole to other antipsychotics in animal modelsNeuropsychopharmacology20063191854186316319908
- ShapiroDARenockSArringtonEAripiprazole, a novel atypical antipsychotic drug with a unique and robust pharmacologyNeuropsychopharmacology20032881400141112784105
- TammingaCACarlssonAPartial dopamine agonists and dopaminergic stabilisers, in the treatment of psychosisCurr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord20021214114712769623
- EvcimenYAEvcimenHHollandJAripiprazole-induced tardive dyskinesia: the role of tamoxifenAm J Psychiatry200716491436143717728431
- PeñaMSYalthoTCJankovicJTardive dyskinesia and other movement disorders secondary to aripiprazoleMov Disord201126114715220818603
- SchwartzTRazaSAripiprazole (abilify) and tardive dyskinesiaP T2008331323419749988
- SimpsonGMThe treatment of tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystoniaJ Clin Psychiatry200061Suppl 4394410739330
- JankovicJClarence-SmithKTetrabenazine for the treatment of chorea and other hyperkinetic movement disordersExpert Rev Neurother201111111509152322014129
- KimiagarIDobronevskyEProkhorovTMiniovitzARabeyJMRapid improvement of tardive dyskinesia with tetrabenazine, clonazepam and clozapine combined: a naturalistic long-term follow-up studyJ Neurol2012259466066422068977
- ChenJJOndoWGDashtipourKSwopeDMTetrabenazine for the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders: a review of the literatureClin Ther20123471487150422749259
- OndoWGHannaPAJankovicJTetrabenazine treatment for tardive dyskinesia: assessment by randomized videotape protocolAm J Psychiatry199915681279128110450276
- SoaresKVMcGrathJJDeeksJJGamma-aminobutyric acid agonists for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia [review]Cochrane Database Syst Rev20012CD00020311405955
- ThakerGKNguyenJAStraussMEJacobsonRKaupBATammingaCAClonazepam treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a practical GABAmimetic strategyAm J Psychiatry199014744454511969244
- SinghMMBeckerREPitmanRKNasrallahHALalHSustained improvement in tardive dyskinesia with diazepam: indirect evidence for corticolimbic involvementBrain Res Bull19831121791856313141
- ThakerGKTammingaCAAlphsLDLaffermanJFerraroTNHareTABrain gamma-aminobutyric acid abnormality in tardive dyskinesia. Reduction in cerebrospinal fluid GABA levels and therapeutic response to GABA agonist treatmentArch Gen Psychiatry19874465225293034188
- BobruffAGardosGTarsyDRapkinRMColeJOMoorePClonazepam and phenobarbital in tardive dyskinesiaAm J Psychiatry19811382189193
- StewartRMRollinsJBeckhamBRoffmanMBaclofen in tardive dyskinesia patients maintained on neurolepticsClin Neuropharmacol1982543653736130838
- GerlachJRyeTKristjansenPEffect of baclofen on tardive dyskinesiaPsychopharmacol (Berl)1978562145151
- LibovIMiodownikCBersudskyYDwolatzkyTLernerVEfficacy of piracetam in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover studyJ Clin Psychiatry20076871031103717685739
- WoodsSWSaksaJRBakerCBCohenSJTekCEffects of levetiracetam on tardive dyskinesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyJ Clin Psychiatry200869454655418312060
- HardoyMCCartaMGCarpinielloBGabapentin in antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia: results of 1-year follow-upJ Affect Disord200375212513012798252
- IwataYIrieSUchidaHEffects of zonisamide on tardive dyskinesia: a preliminary open-label trialJ Neurol Sci20123151–213714022285275
- FiskGGYorkSMThe effect of sodium valproate on tardive dyskinesia – revisitedBr J Psychiatry19871505425463117156
- NasrallahHADunnerFJMcCalley-WhittersMA placebo-controlled trial of valproate in tardive dyskinesiaBiol Psychiatry19852022052083918588
- AlabedSLatifehYMohammadHARifaiAGamma-aminobutyric acid agonists for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia [review]Cochrane Database Syst Rev20114CD00020321491376
- ZhangWFTanYLZhangXYChanRCWuHRZhouDFExtract of Ginkgo biloba treatment for tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialJ Clin Psychiatry201172561562120868638
- EganMFHydeTMAlbersGWTreatment of tardive dyskinesia with vitamin EAm J Psychiatry199214967737771350428
- AdlerLAPeselowERotrosenJVitamin E treatment of tardive dyskinesiaAm J Psychiatry19931509140514078102511
- AdlerLARotrosenJEdsonRVitamin E treatment for tardive dysklinesia. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study #394 Study GroupArch Gen Psychiatry199956983684112892048
- Soares-WeiserKMaayanNMcGrathJVitamin E for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia [review]Cochrane Database Syst Rev20112CD000209
- ShamirEBarakYShalmanIMelatonin treatment for tardive dyskinesia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover studyArch Gen Psychiatr200158111049105211695951
- AndersonGMaesMMelatonin: an overlooked factor in schizophrenia and in the inhibition of anti-psychotic side effectsMetab Brain Dis201227211311922527998
- LernerVMiodownikCKaptsanAVitamin B6 treatment for tardive dyskinesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover studyJ Clin Psychiatry200768111648165418052557
- BergmanJDwolatzkyTBrettholzILernerVBeneficial effect of donepezil in the treatment of elderly people with tardive movement disordersJ Clin Psychiatry200566110711015669896
- CaroffSNCampbellECHaveyJCSullivanKAKatzIRMannSCTreatment of tardive dyskinesia with donepezilJ Clin Psychiatry200162212812911247101
- TammenmaaIASailasEMcGrathJJSoares-WeiserKWahlbeckKSystematic review of cholinergic drugs for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry20042871099110715610922
- DesmaraisJEBeauclairLMargoleseHCAnticholinergics in the era of atypical antipsychotics: short-term or long-term treatment?J Psychopharmacol20122691167117422651987
- BlumINisipeanuPFRobertsENaloxone in tardive dyskinesiaPsychopharmacol (Berl)1987934538
- LindenmayerJPGardnerEGoldbergEHigh-dose naloxone in tardive dyskinesiaPsychiatry Res198826119283070611
- AngusSSugarsJBoltezarRKoskewichSSchneiderNMA controlled trial of amantadine hydrochloride and neuroleptics in the treatment of tardive dyskinesiaJ Clin Psychopharmacol1997172889110950469
- PappaSTsouliSApostolouGMavreasVKonitsiotisSEffects of amantadine on tardive dyskinesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyClin Neuropharmacol2010336271275
- LiebermanJAAlvirJMukherjeeSKaneJMTreatment of tardive dyskinesia with bromocriptine. A test of the receptor modification strategyArch Gen Psychiatry198946109089132572205
- GoffDCRenshawPFSarid-SegalODreyfussDAAmicoETCirauloDAA placebo-controlled trial of selegiline (L-deprenyl) in the treatment of tardive dyskinesiaBiol Psychiatry199333107007068102552
- MossLENeppeVMDrevetsWCBuspirone in the treatment of tardive dyskinesiaJ Clin Psychopharmacol19931332042098102622
- Soares-WeiserKKRathboneJCalcium channel blockers for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia [review]Cochrane Database Syst Rev20041CD00020614973950
- EssaliADeirawanHSoares-WeiserKAdamsCECalcium channel blockers for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia [review]Cochrane Database Syst Rev201111CD00020622071797
- AiaPGRevueltaGJCloudLJFactorSATardive dyskinesiaCurr Treat Options Neurol201113323124121365202
- BrowneJSilverHMartinRHartRMergenerMWilliamsPThe use of clonidine in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesiaJ Clin Psychopharmacol19866288922871058
- JankovicJBrinMFTherapeutic uses of botulinum toxinN Engl J Med199132417118611942011163
- RapaportASadehMSteinDBotulinum toxin for the treatment of oro-facial-lingual-masticatory tardive dyskinesiaMov Disord200015235235510752596
- TschoppLSalazarZMicheliFBotulinum toxin in painful tardive dyskinesiaClin Neuropharmacol200932316516619483486
- EmsleyRNiehausDJKoenLThe effects of eicosapentaenoic acid in tardive dyskinesia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trialSchizophr Res200684111212016632329
- EltahawyHAFeinsteinAKhanFSaint-CyrJLangAELozanoAMBiltaeral globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation in tardive dyskinesia: a case reportMov Disord200419896997215300668
- DamierPThoboisSWitjasTFrench Stimulation for Tardive Dyskinesia (STARDYS) Study GroupBilateral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus to treat tardive dyskinesiaArch Gen Psychiatry200764217017617283284
- MentzelCLTenbackDETijssenMAVisser-VandewalleVEvan HartenPNEfficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation in patients with medication-induced tardive dyskinesia and/or dystonia: a systemic reviewJ Clin Psychiatry201273111434143823218160
- KefalopoulouZPaschaliAMarkakiEVassilakosPEllulJConstantoyannisCA double-blind study on a patient with tardive dyskinesia treated with pallidal deep brain stimulationActa Neurol Scand2009119426927318976318
- BordiaTMcIntoshJMQuikMNicotine reduces antipsychotic-induced orofacial dyskinesia in ratsJ Pharmacol Exp Ther2012340361261922144565
- ZhangXYYuYQSunSSmoking and tardive dyskinesia in male patients with chronic schizophreniaProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry20113571765176921723906
- BusanelloAPerozaLRWagnerCResveratrol reduces vacuous chewing movements induced by acute treatment with fluphenazinePharmacol Biochem Behav2012101230731022266770
- CreedMHamaniCNobregaJNDeep brain stimulation of the subthalamic or entopeduncular nucleus attenuates vacuous chewing movements in a rodent model of tardive dyskinesiaEur Neuropsychopharmacol201121539340020624675
- PringsheimTDojaABelangerSPattenSCanadian Alliance for Monitoring Effectiveness and Safety of Antipsychotics in Children (CAMESA) guideline groupTreatment recommendations for extrapyramidal side effects associated with second-generation antipsychotic use in children and youthPaediatr Child Health201116959059823115503
- HaasMEerdekensMKushnerLEfficacy, safety and tolerability of two dosing regimens in adolescent schizophrenia: double-blind studyBr J Psychiatry2009194215816419182179
- HaasMUnisASArmenterosJCopenhaverMDQuirozJAKushnerSFA 6-week, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of risperidone in adolescent with schizophreniaJ Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol200919661162120035579
- CorrellCUKaneJMOne-year incidence rates of tardive dyskinesia in children and adolescents treated with second-generation antipsychotics: a systematic reviewJ Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol200717564765617979584
- SikichLHamerRMBashfordRASheitmanBBLiebermanJAA pilot study of risperidone, olanzapine, and haloperidol in psychotic youth: a double-blind, randomized, 8-week trialNeuropsychopharmacology200429113314514583740
- SikichLFrazierJAMcClellanJDouble-blind comparison of first- and second-generation antipsychotics in early-onset schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder: findings from the treatment of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorder (TEOSS) studyAm J Psychiatry2008165111420143118794207
- FindlingRLRobbANyilasMA multiple-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral aripiprazole for treatment of adolescents with schizophreniaAm J Psychiatry2008165111432144118765484
- McConvilleBJArvanitisLAThyrumPTPharmacokinetics, tolerability, and clinical effectiveness of quetiapine fumarate: an open-label trial in adolescents with psychotic disordersJ Clin Psychiatry200061425226010830145
- SchimmelmannBGMehler-WexCLambertMA prospective 12-week study of quetiapine in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disordersJ Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol200717676877818315449
- MasiGLiboniFManagement of schizophrenia in children and adolescents: focus on pharmacotherapyDrugs201171217920821275445
- CorrellCUSafety and tolerability of antipsychotic treatment in young patients with schizophreniaJ Clin Psychiatry2011728e2621899814
- RasimasJJLiebeltELAdverse effects and toxicity of the atypical antipsychotics: what is important for the pediatric emergency medicine practitionerClin Pediatr Emerg Med201213430031023471213
- PattenSBWaheedWBreseeLA review of pharmacoepidemiologic studies of antipsychotic use in children and adolescentsCan J Psychiatry2012571271772123228229