Optimal Method of Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Upper Limb Dysfunction After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

References

• BaiX, GuoZ, HeL, RenL, McClureMA, MuQ. Different therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on upper and lower limb recovery of stroke patients with motor dysfunction: a meta analysis. Neural Plast. 2019;2019:1372138.31827495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MenkenM, MunsatTL, TooleJF. The global burden of disease study: implications for neurology. Arch Neurol. 2000;57(3):418–420. doi:10.1001/archneur.57.3.41810714674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KwakkelG, KollenBJ, van der GrondJ, PrevoAJ. Probability of regaining dexterity in the flaccid upper limb: impact of severity of paresis and time since onset in acute stroke. Stroke. 2003;34(9):2181–2186. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000087172.16305.CD12907818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BaiX, GuoZ, HeL, RenL, McClureMA, MuQ. Different therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on upper and lower limb recovery of stroke patients with motor dysfunction: a meta-analysis. Neural Plast. 2019;2019:1372138.31827495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KimWS, ChoS, KuJ, et al. Clinical application of virtual reality for upper limb motor rehabilitation in stroke: review of technologies and clinical evidence. J Clin Med. 2020;9(10):3369. doi:10.3390/jcm9103369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CarvalhoR, DiasN, CerqueiraJJ. Brain-machine interface of upper limb recovery in stroke patients rehabilitation: a systematic review. Physiother Res Int. 2019;24(2):e1764. doi:10.1002/pri.176430609208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParkSW, KimJH, YangYJ. Mental practice for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Rehabil Res. 2018;41(3):197–203. doi:10.1097/MRR.000000000000029829912022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabanas-ValdésR, Serra-LlobetP, Rodriguez-RubioPR, López-de-celisC, Llauró-ForesM, Calvo-SanzJ. The effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for improving upper limb spasticity and functionality in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2020;34(9):1141–1156. doi:10.1177/026921552093219632513019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche BuenoJC, Mincholé LapuenteE.Eficacia de la terapia musical en la recuperación funcional del miembro superior después de un ictus: una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis [Efficacy of Music Therapy in Functional Recovery of the Upper Limb After a Stroke: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]. Rehabilitacion. 2019;53(3):181–188.31370945
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SyrosA, KotliaP, FotakopoulosG. Preliminary findings from an Acupuncture and experiential/traditional music therapy during the standard care of rehabilitation exercise program for Recovery on post-stroke upper limb dysfunction. Int J Neurosci. 2021;18:1–11. doi:10.1080/00207454.2020.1860972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SharififarS, ShusterJJ, BishopMD. Adding electrical stimulation during standard rehabilitation after stroke to improve motor function. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2018;61(5):339–344. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2018.06.00529958963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LinS, SunQ, WangH, XieG. Influence of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on spasticity, balance, and walking speed in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Rehabil Med. 2018;50(1):3–7. doi:10.2340/16501977-226628862711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EraifejJ, ClarkW, FranceB, DesandoS, MooreD. Effectiveness of upper limb functional electrical stimulation after stroke for the improvement of activities of daily living and motor function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2017;6(1):40.28245858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DoucetBM, LamA, GriffinL. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for skeletal muscle function. Yale J Biol Med. 2012;85(2):201–215.22737049
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ElsnerB, KwakkelG, KuglerJ, MehrholzJ. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving capacity in activities and arm function after stroke: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2017;14(1):95. doi:10.1186/s12984-017-0301-728903772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VafadarAK, CôtéJN, ArchambaultPS. Effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation in improving clinical outcomes in the upper arm following stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:729768. doi:10.1155/2015/72976825685805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElsnerB, KuglerJ, PohlM, MehrholzJ. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and cognitive functioning, in people after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3(3):CD009645.26996760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WuQ, YueZ, GeY, et al. Brain functional networks study of subacute stroke patients with upper limb dysfunction after comprehensive rehabilitation including BCI training. Front Neurol. 2020;27(10):1419. doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01419
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HebertD, LindsayMP, McIntyreA, et al. Canadian stroke best practice recommendations: stroke rehabilitation practice guidelines, update 2015. Int J Stroke. 2016;11(4):459–484. doi:10.1177/174749301664355327079654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiasS, CaldwellDM. Network meta-analysis explained. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2019;104(1):F8–F12. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-31522430425115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RouseB, ChaimaniA, LiT. Network meta-analysis: an introduction for clinicians. Intern Emerg Med. 2017;12(1):103–111. doi:10.1007/s11739-016-1583-727913917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrightonB, BhandariM, TornettaP3rd, FelsonDT. Hierarchy of evidence: from case reports to randomized controlled trials. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;413:19–24. doi:10.1097/01.blo.0000079323.41006.12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EvansD. Hierarchy of evidence: a framework for ranking evidence evaluating healthcare interventions. J Clin Nurs. 2003;12(1):77–84. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00662.x12519253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HuttonB, SalantiG, CaldwellDM, et al. The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(11):777–784. doi:10.7326/M14-238526030634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PocockSJ, StoneGW. The primary outcome fails - what next?N Engl J Med. 2016;375(9):861–870. doi:10.1056/NEJMra151006427579636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WinsteinCJ, SteinJ, ArenaR, et al.; American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery: a Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016;47(6):e98–e169.27145936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GittlerM, DavisAM. Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery. JAMA. 2018;319(8):820–821. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.2203629486016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GladstoneDJ, DanellsCJ, BlackSE. The fugl-meyer assessment of motor recovery after stroke: a critical review of its measurement properties. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2002;16(3):232–240. doi:10.1177/15459680240110517112234086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarbA, KishnerS. Modified ashworth scale. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021: 1-2.
   Google Scholar
• OhuraT, HaseK, NakajimaY, NakayamaT. Validity and reliability of a performance evaluation tool based on the modified Barthel Index for stroke patients. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017;17(1):131. doi:10.1186/s12874-017-0409-228841846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangL, YinZ, ZhangY, et al. Optimal acupuncture methods for nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Pain Res. 2021;20(14):1097–1112. doi:10.2147/JPR.S310385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChenY, WangHW, XiangYZ, et al. Effects of low frequency transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation on upper limbs and hands function for chronic stroke patients. Chinese J Rehabil Theory Pract. 2018;24(12):1371–1375.
   Google Scholar
• YanYL, DingXM, LuYJ. Low frequency transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for stroke sequelae stage hand And upper limb dysfunction. Cardiovasc Dis J Integrated Trad Chinese Western Med. 2019;7(12):87–88.
   Google Scholar
• ChenY, WangHW, XiangYZ, et al. Short-term effectiveness of community-based low frequency transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation on upper limb and hand function rehabilitation in stroke patients. Chinese J Rehabil. 2019;34(12):669–672.
   Google Scholar
• LiuZL, SongL, GuanS, et al. Effect of functional electrical stimulation on recovery of upper limb motor function in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Chinese J Rehabil. 2005;20(1):52.
   Google Scholar
• ChenYL, YuanXM, LiYH, et al. Therapeutic effects of functional electrical stimulation combined with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy on patients with shoulder subluxation after stroke. Acta Medicinae Sinica. 2021;34(02):75–78. doi:10.19296/j.cnki.1008-2409.2021-02-021
   Google Scholar
• ZhaoM. Clinical study of functional electrical stimulation in treatment of upper limb dyskinesia after cerebral storke. World Latest Med Inf. 2016;16(46):67–68.
   Google Scholar
• ZuoXQ. Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Motor Function of Upper Limb and Aphasia in Stroke Patients. Hebei Medical University; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• ZhengCJ, XiaGW, DuanC. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on upper limb and hand function in stroke: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Chinese J Rehabil. 2019;34(12):623–626.
   Google Scholar
• WangCX, YangFX, ZouWG. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with routine rehabilitation in the rehabilitation of upper limb motor function and aphasia in stroke hemiplegia. Chinese J Pract Nerv Dis. 2016;19(4):48–49.
   Google Scholar
• ZhangLQ. Mechanism of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in the Clinical Application of Upper Limb Post-Stroke Spasticity. Kunming Medical University; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• LiuCM. Rehabilitation effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy on sensory disorders after cerebral apoplexy. Shenzhen J Integrated Trad Chinese Western Med. 2018;28(4):175–177.
   Google Scholar
• ZhouJY, GuLH, ChenQG, et al. Clinical application of percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation on upper limbs and hand dysfunction after cerebral apoplexy. Chinese J Trauma Disability Med. 2020;28(10):17–19.
   Google Scholar
• PengY, ZhangJ, SuCC, et al. Effects of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation on upper limb function and motor evoked potential in stroke patients. Chinese J Rehabil Med. 2015;30(6):547–550,571.
   Google Scholar
• JiaJ, ZhongJB, LiuJ. Clinical study of TEAS coordinated with basic rehabilitation training on hand dysfunction after stroke. J Clin Acupunct Moxibustion. 2018;34(05):22–25.
   Google Scholar
• ZhengWY, MaoZF. Application of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation in rehabilitation of elderly patients with post-stroke hand dysfunction. China Mod Doctor. 2020;58(20):92–95.
   Google Scholar
• MaoZF, WangXL, YangRC, et al. effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in patients with hand dysfunction after stroke. Mod Pract Med. 2017;29(12):1565–1566.
   Google Scholar
• YuLH, JiangM, MaoZF. Application of percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation in the rehabil-itation of hand dysfunction after stroke. China Mod Doctor. 2020;58(1):93–96.
   Google Scholar
• ChenY, TianY, XieBJ. Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation treatment in stroke survivors with upper dysfunction. Chinese J Rehabil Med. 2015;30(5):454–457.
   Google Scholar
• GuZW, LeiB, DengWZ. Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in patients with hand dysfunction after stroke in the community. Chinese J Clin Rational Drug Use. 2019;12(29):112–113.
   Google Scholar
• XieJJ, LiJX, SunQ. A randomized controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for upper extremity dysfunction after stroke. J Basic Chinese Med. 2019;25(07):969–971.
   Google Scholar
• ZhangHL. Effect oF transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on acupuncture points in acute stroke patients with upper extremity motor function. J Emerg Tradi Chinese Med. 2012;21(9):1475–1476.
   Google Scholar
• RenH, HeYH. Long-term recovery of upper limb function after functional electrical stimulation in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Chinese Foreign Med Res. 2014;12:129–131.
   Google Scholar
• YangYZ. Application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation technology in the improvement of the quality of life of 40 cases of patients with cerebral apoplexy hemiplegia. Shanghai Med Pharm J. 2016;37(21):40–43.
   Google Scholar
• JiangZ, HeJ, CaiSF, et al. Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy on function of upper limbs of stroke patients. J Fujian Univ Trad Chinese Med. 2010;20(5):12–14.
   Google Scholar
• SunDJ, ChenM. Clinical observation of electrical acupoint stimulation on recovery of upper limb function after cerebral apoplexy. Hainan Med J. 2015;2:292–293.
   Google Scholar
• XieJJ, LiJX, SunQ. Clinical observation of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation at motor points in treating hemiplegia upper limb proprioceptive disturbance in patients with ischemic stroke. J Guangzhou Univ Trad Chinese Med. 2020;37(02):274–279.
   Google Scholar
• WangJH. Comprehensive rehabilitation training in combination with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for patients with omalgia after stroke-induced hemiplegia. Int Med Health Guidance News. 2016;22(10):1401–1403. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-1245.2016.10.021
   Google Scholar
• ZhouMM. A Study on Efficacy of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation in Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain. BengBu Medical College; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• JiangY. Therapeutic Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Hand Dysfunction After Stroke. Inner Mongolia Medical University; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• WangQS. Research the Effect of Nerve Muscle Electrical Stimulation on Muscle Tension and Muscle Strength of Upper Limb with Stroke Patients. Jilin University; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• LinZ, YanT. Long-term effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for promoting motor recovery of the upper extremity after stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2011;43(6):506–510. doi:10.2340/16501977-080721533330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhouM, LiF, LuW, WuJ, PeiS. Efficiency of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and transcutaneous nerve stimulation on hemiplegic shoulder pain: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(9):1730–1739. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2018.04.02029777714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakipoğlu YuzerGF, Köse DönmezB, ÖzgirginN. A randomized controlled study: effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation on wrist and finger flexor spasticity in hemiplegia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(7):1467–1471. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.03.01128462794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlisarDC, OzenS, SozayS. Effects of bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation on upper extremity function in stroke patients: a randomized double-blind sham-controlled study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29(1):104454. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.10445431699572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShimS, YoonBH, ShinIS, BaeJM. Network meta-analysis: application and practice using Stata. Epidemiol Health. 2017;27(39):e2017047. doi:10.4178/epih.e2017047
   Google Scholar
• ChenJ, TuQ, MiaoS, ZhouZ, HuS. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg. 2020;73:57–64. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.10.03631704425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AnsariNN, NaghdiS, ArabTK, JalaieS. The interrater and intrarater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale in the assessment of muscle spasticity: limb and muscle group effect. NeuroRehabilitation. 2008;23(3):231–237. doi:10.3233/NRE-2008-2330418560139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhengX, ChenD, YanT, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a functional electrical stimulation mimic to gait promotes motor recovery and brain remodeling in acute stroke. Behav Neurol. 2018;18(2018):8923520.
   Google Scholar
• HaraY. Brain plasticity and rehabilitation in stroke patients. J Nippon Med Sch. 2015;82(1):4–13. doi:10.1272/jnms.82.425797869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BickelCS, GregoryCM, DeanJC. Motor unit recruitment during neuromuscular electrical stimulation: a critical appraisal. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(10):2399–2407. doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2128-421870119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MaffiulettiNA. Physiological and methodological considerations for the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;110(2):223–234. doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1502-y20473619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MaffiulettiNA, GondinJ, PlaceN, Stevens-LapsleyJ, VivodtzevI, MinettoMA. Clinical use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for neuromuscular rehabilitation: what are we overlooking?Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(4):806–812. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2017.10.02829233625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HróbjartssonA, ThomsenAS, EmanuelssonF, et al. Observer bias in randomised clinical trials with binary outcomes: systematic review of trials with both blinded and non-blinded outcome assessors. BMJ. 2012;27(344):e1119. doi:10.1136/bmj.e1119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MlinarićA, HorvatM, Šupak SmolčićV. Dealing with the positive publication bias: why you should really publish your negative results. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2017;27(3):030201. doi:10.11613/BM.2017.03020129180912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LinL, ChuH. Quantifying publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics. 2018;74(3):785–794. doi:10.1111/biom.1281729141096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShiC, DumvilleJC, CullumN. Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention: a network meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0192707. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.019270729474359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SalantiG, Del GiovaneC, ChaimaniA, CaldwellDM, HigginsJP. Evaluating the quality of evidence from a network meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e99682. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.009968224992266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiberatiA, AltmanDG, TetzlaffJ, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2009;21(339):b2700. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2700
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar