Interventions to reduce the risk of violence toward emergency department staff: current approaches

References

• Ray MM. The dark side of the job: violence in the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 2007;33(3):257–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [webpage on the Internet]. Violence: Occupational Hazards in Hospitals. Department of Health and Human Services. Vol. 101. 2002:1–10. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-101/. Accessed November 22, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Gates DM. The epidemic of violence against healthcare workers. Occup Environ Med. 2004;61(8):649–650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman R, Styles I. An epidemic of abuse and violence: nurse on the front line. Accid Emerg Nurs. 2006;14(4):245–249.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whelan T. The escalating trend of violence toward nurses. J Emerg Nurs. 2008;34(2):130–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Nurses Association. Workplace violence against emergency nursing remains high. Am Nurse. 2011;43(6):7.
   Google Scholar
• International Labour Office; International Council of Nurses; World Health Organization; Public Services International [webpage on the Internet]. Framework Guidelines for Addressing Workplace Violence in the Health Sector. 2015. Available from: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/interpersonal/en/WVguidelinesEN.pdf. Accessed November 22, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Wu JC, Tung TH, Chen PY, Chen YL, Lin YW, Chen FL. Determinants of workplace violence against clinical physicians in hospitals. J Occup Health. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
   Google Scholar
• Baydin A, Erenler AK. Workplace violence in emergency department and its effects on emergency staff. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2014;16(2):288–290.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B. Violence towards nurses in the Triage area. Scenario. 2013;30(4):4–10.
   Google Scholar
• Wyatt JP, Watt M. Violence towards junior doctors in accident and emergency departments. J Accid Emerg Med. 1995;12:40–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lyneham J. Violence in New South Wales emergency departments. Aust J Adv Nurs. 2000;18(2):8–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Behnam M, Tillotson RD, Davis SM, Hobbs GR. Violence in the emergency department: a national survey of emergency medicine residents and attending physicians. J Emerg Med. 2011;40(5):565–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee F. Violence in A&E: the role of training and self-efficacy. Nurs Stand. 2001;15(46):33–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crilly J, Chaboyer W, Creedy D. Violence towards emergency department nurses by patients. Accid Emerg Nurs. 2004;12(2):67–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winstanely S, Whittington R. Aggression towards health care staff in a UK general hospital: variation among professions and departments. J Clin Nurs. 2004;13(1):3–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James A, Madeley R, Dove A. Violence and aggression in the emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2006;23(6):431–434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cezar ES, Marziale MH. Problemas de violência ocupacional em um serviço de urgência hospitalar da Cidade de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. [Occupational violence problems in an emergency hospital in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil]. Cad Saude Publica. 2006;22(1):217–221. [Portuguese].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ryan D, Maguire J. Aggression and violence – a problem in Irish accident and emergency departments? J Nurs Manag. 2006;14(2):106–115.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pinar R, Ucmak F. Verbal and physical violence in emergency departments: a survey in Istanbul, Turkey. J Clini Nurs. 2011;20(3–4):510–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmaeilpour M, Salsali M, Ahmadi F. Workplace violence against Iranian nurses working in emergency departments. Int Nurs Rev. 2011;58(1):130–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pich J, Hazelton M, Sundin D, Kable A. Patient related violence at triage: a qualitative descriptive study. Int Emerg Nurs. 2011;19(1):12–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones J, Lyneham J. Violence: part of the job for Australian nurses? Aust J Adv Nurs. 2000;18(2):27–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saines JC. Violence and aggression in A&E: recommendations for action. Accid Emerg Nurs. 1999;7:8–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gascon S, Martinez-Jarreta B, Gonzalez-Andrade JF, Santed MA, Casalod Y, Rueda MA. Aggression towards health care workers in Spain: a multi-facility study to evaluate the distribution of growing violence among professionals, health facilities and departments. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2009;15:29–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B. Violenza e aggressioni in Pronto Soccorso: revisione della letteratura. [Violence and aggression in the emergency department: a literature review]. L’Infermiere. 2011;48(5):e43–e50. [Italian].
   Google Scholar
• Fernandes CM, Bouthillette F, Raboud JM, et al. Violence in the emergency department: a survey of health care workers. CMAJ. 1999;161(10):1245–1248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gacki-Smith J, Juarez AM, Boyett L, Homeyer C, Robinson L, MacLean SL. Violence against nurses working in US emergency departments. J Healthc Prot Manage. 2010;26(1):81–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zafar W, Khan UR, Siddiqui SA, Jamali S, Razzak JA. Workplace violence and self-reported psychological health: coping with post-traumatic stress, mental distress, and burnout among physicians working in the emergency departments compared to other specialties in Pakistan. J Emerg Med. 2016;50(1):167.e1–177.e1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AL Bashtawy M, Aljezawi M. Emergency nurses’ perspective of workplace violence in Jordanian hospitals: a national survey. Int Emerg Nurs. 2016;24:61–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darawad MW, Al-Hussami M, Saleh AM, Mustafa WM, Odeh H. Violence against nurses in emergency departments in Jordan: nurses’ perspective. Workplace Health Saf. 2015;63(1):9–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B. Violence against nurses in the triage area: an Italian qualitative study. Int Emerg Nurs. 2015;23(4):274–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chappell S. The American Organization of Nurse Executives and Emergency Nurses Association guiding principles on mitigating violence in the workplace. J Nurs Adm. 2015;45(7–8):358–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Organization of Nurse Executives; Emergency Nurses Association. AONE and ENA develop guiding principles on mitigating violence in the workplace. J Emerg Nurs. 2015;41(4):278–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renker P, Scribner SA, Huff P. Staff perspectives of violence in the emergency department: appeals for consequences, collaboration, and consistency. Work. 2015;51(1):5–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaw J. Staff perceptions of workplace violence in a pediatric emergency department. Work. 2015;51(1):39–49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burchill C. Development of the personal workplace safety instrument for emergency nurses. Work. 2015;51(1):61–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stene J, Larson E, Levy M, Dohlman M. Workplace violence in the emergency department: giving staff the tools and support to report. Perm J. 2015;19(2):e113–e117.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morken T, Johansen IH, Alsaker K. Dealing with workplace violence in emergency primary health care: a focus group study. BMC Fam Pract. 2015;16:51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogarth KM, Beattie J, Morphet J. Nurses’ attitudes towards the reporting of violence in the emergency department. Australas Emerg Nurs J. Epub 2015 May 23.
   Google Scholar
• Hamdan M, Abu Hamra A. Workplace violence towards workers in the emergency departments of Palestinian hospitals: a cross-sectional study. Hum Resour Health. 2015;13:28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fute M, Mengesha ZB, Wakgari N, Tessema GA. High prevalence of workplace violence among nurses working at public health facilities in Southern Ethiopia. BMC Nurs. 2015;14:9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eslamian J, Akbarpoor AA, Hoseini SA. Quality of work life and its association with workplace violence of the nurses in emergency departments. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015;20(1):56–62.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tan MF, Lopez V, Cleary M. Nursing management of aggression in a Singapore emergency department: a qualitative study. Nurs Health Sci. 2015;17(3):307–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vezyridis P, Samoutis A, Mavrikiou PM. Workplace violence against clinicians in Cypriot emergency departments: a national questionnaire survey. J Clin Nurs. 2015;24(9/10):1210–1222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casalino E, Choquet C, Thomas S, Erhel S, Cossard P. La violence dans les services d’urgences: évaluation d’une politique de réduction de la violence dans un service d’accueil des urgences parisien [Violence in emergency services: evaluation of a violence reduction policy in a host of Parisian Emergency Service]. Annales françaises de médecine d’urgence. 2015;5(4):226–237. [French].
   Google Scholar
• Rees S, Evans D, Bower D, Norwick H, Morin T. A program to minimize ED violence and keep employees safe. J Emerg Nurs. 2010;36(5):460–465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wassel JT. Workplace violence intervention effectiveness: a systematic literature review. Saf Sci. 2009;47:1049–1055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie GL, Gates DM, Mentzel T, Al-Natour A, Kowalenko T. Evaluation of a comprehensive ED violence prevention program. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(4):376–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christie W. The Lived Experience: How Emergency Department Nurses Resolve Emotional Pain After Patient Perpetrated Workplace Violence [Doctoral dissertation]. Little Rock: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Gacki-Smith J, Juarez AM, Boyett L, Homeyer C, Robinson L, MacLean SL. Violence against nurses working in US emergency departments. J Nurs Adm. 2009;39(7–8):340–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotora JG, Clancy T, Manzon L, Malik V, Louden RJ, Merlin MA. Active shooter in the emergency department: a scenario-based training approach for healthcare workers. Am J Disaster Med. 2014;9(1):39–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gerdtz MF, Daniel C, Dearie V, Prematunga R, Bamert M, Duxbury J. The outcome of a rapid training program on nurses’ attitudes regarding the prevention of aggression in emergency departments: a multi-site evaluation. Int J Nurs Stud. 2013;50(11):1434–1445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duxbury J. An exploratory account of registered nurses’ experience of patient aggression in both mental health and general nursing settings. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 1999;6(2):107–114.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gillespie GL, Farra SL, Gates DM. A workplace violence educational program: a repeated measures study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2014; 14(5):468–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie GL, Gates DM, Miller M, Howard PK. Emergency department workers’ perceptions of security officers’ effectiveness during violent events. Work. 2012;42(1):21–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelley EC. Reducing violence in the emergency department: a rapid response team approach. J Emerg Nurs. 2014;40(1):60–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie GL, Gates DM, Kowalenko T, Bresler S, Succop P. Implementation of a comprehensive intervention to reduce physical assaults and threats in the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 2014;40(6):586–591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalenko T, Cunningham R, Sachs CJ, et al. Workplace violence in emergency medicine: current knowledge and future directions. J Emerg Med. 2012;43(3):523–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gates D, Gillespie G, Smith C, Rode J, Kowalenko T, Smith B. Using action research to plan a violence prevention program for emergency departments. J Emerg Nurs. 2011;37(1):32–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddon W. Advances in the epidemiology of injuries as a basis for public policy. Public Health Rep. 1980;95(5):411–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferns T. Considering theories of aggression in an emergency department context. Accid Emerg Nurs. 2007;15(4):193–200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B. Wellbeing at work: going towards a global approach to violence in the ER. Scenario. 2013;30(2):S51–S52.
   Google Scholar
• Brunetti L, Bambi S. Le aggressioni nei confronti degli infermieri dei dipartimenti di emergenza: revisione della letteratura internazionale. [Aggressions towards nurses in emergency departments: an international literature review]. Prof Inferm. 2013;66(2):109–116. [Italian].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B, Giusti GD. Comment on: “Nurses’ perceptions of the factors which cause violence and aggression in the emergency department: a qualitative study”. Int. Emerg. Nurs. 22(3) (2014), 134–139 by Angland, S., et al. Int Emerg Nurs. 2014;22(4):232–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rintoul Y, Wynaden D, McGowan S. Managing aggression in the emergency department: promoting an interdisciplinary approach. Int Emerg Nurs. 2009;17(2):122–127.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dubb SS. It doesn’t “come with the job”: violence against doctors at work must stop. BMJ. 2015;350:h2780.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baby M, Glue P, Carlyle D. ‘Violence is not part of our job’: a thematic analysis of psychiatric mental health nurses’ experiences of patient assaults from a New Zealand perspective. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2014;35(9):647–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar