Bone health of middle-aged and older surfers

References

• Gomez-Cabello A, Ara I, Gonzalez-Aguero A, Casajus JA, Vicente-Rodriguez G. Effects of training on bone mass in older adults: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2012;42(4):301–325. doi:10.2165/11597670-000000000-0000022376192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florence R, Allen S, Benedict L, Compo R, Jensen A, Kalogeropoulou D, et al. In: Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis. 8th ed. Bloomington: Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement; 2013. pp. 1–87.
   Google Scholar
• Velez NF, Zhang A, Stone B, Perera S, Miller M, Greenspan SL. The effect of moderate impact exercise on skeletal integrity in master athletes. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19(10):1457–1464. doi:10.1007/s00198-008-0590-618351426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols JF, Rauh MJ. Longitudinal changes in bone mineral density in male master cyclists and nonathletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(3):727–734. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c6a11620581701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma D, Wu L, He Z. Effects of walking on the preservation of bone mineral density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause. 2013;20(11):1216–1226. doi:10.1097/GME.000000000000010024149921
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran KWJ. Surfing injuries requiring first aid in New Zealand, 2007-2012. Int J Aquatic Res Educ. 2013 7:192–203.
   Google Scholar
• Nathanson A, Haynes P, Galanis D. Surfing injuries. Am J Emerg Med. 2002;20(3):155–160.11992332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watsford M, Murphy A, Coutts A. Energy expenditure and time–motion analysis during recreational surfing. J Sci Med Sport. 2006;9:9. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.018
   Google Scholar
• Secomb JL, Sheppard JM, Dascombe BJ. Time-motion analysis of a 2 hr surfing training session. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015;10(1):17–22. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2014-000224806868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Climstein M, Pollard Z, Furness J, Walsh J, McLellan C, Meerkin J. Effects of long-term surfing on bone health in mature-aged males. Int J Aquatic Res Educ. 2015;9(1):24–37. doi:10.1123/ijare.2014-0069
   Google Scholar
• Weeks BK, Beck BR. The BPAQ: a bone-specific physical activity assessment instrument. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19(11):1567–1577. doi:10.1007/s00198-008-0606-218414964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iofbonehealth.org. Calcium Calculator | International Osteoporosis Foundation [online]. 2015. Available from: http://www.iofbonehealth.org/calcium-calculator. Accessed Aug 6, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Osteoporosis Australia Medical & Scientific Advisory Committee. What you need to know about osteoporosis: medical guide. Osteoporosis Australia; 2014. Available from https://www.osteoporosis.org.au/sites/default/files/files/oa_medical_brochure_2nd_ed.pdf. Accessed 806, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, et al. Clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25(10):2359–2381. doi:10.1007/s00198-014-2794-225182228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepherd JA, Schousboe JT, Broy SB, Engelke K, Leslie WD. Executive summary of the 2015 ISCD position development conference on advanced measures from DXA and QCT: fracture prediction beyond BMD. J Clin Densitom. 2015;18(3):274–286. doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2015.06.01326277847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO) Study Group. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO study group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1994;843:1–129.7941614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson C, Shiel F, Climstein M, Furness J. Does a novice technician produce results similar to that of an experienced DXA technician when assessing body composition and bone mineral density? Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;29(4):435–440. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiel F, Persson C, Simas V, et al. Reliability and precision of the nana protocol to assess body composition using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28(1):19–25. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-017428871851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutt J, Black K, Mead S. Classification of surf breaks in relation to surfing skill. Specl Issue J Coastal Res Surf. 2001;29:66–81.
   Google Scholar
• Vasikaran S, Eastell R, Bruyere O, et al. Markers of bone turnover for the prediction of fracture risk and monitoring of osteoporosis treatment: a need for international reference standards. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(2):391–420. doi:10.1007/s00198-010-1501-121184054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meier C, Nguyen TV, Center JR, Seibel MJ, Eisman JA. Bone resorption and osteoporotic fractures in elderly men: the dubbo osteoporosis epidemiology study. J Bone Miner Res. 2005;20(4):579–587. doi:10.1359/JBMR.04120715765176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jilka RL. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the anabolic effect of intermittent PTH. Bone. 2007;40(6):1434–1446. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2007.03.01717517365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen J. CHAPTER 4 - Differences between correlation coefficients In: Cohen J, editor. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. NY: Academic Press; 1977:109–143.
   Google Scholar
• The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners and Osteoporosis Australia. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis and management in postmenopausal women and men over 50 years of age. 2017 Available from: https://www.racgp.org.au/clinical-resources/clinical-guidelines/key-racgp-guidelines/view-all-racgp-guidelines/osteoporosis. Accessed 806, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Gomez-Bruton A, Montero-Marin J, Gonzalez-Aguero A, Gomez-Cabello A, Garcia-Campayo J, Moreno LA. Swimming and peak bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci. 2018;36(4):365–377. doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.130744028394711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orwoll ES, Ferar J, Oviatt SK, McClung MR, Huntington K. The relationship of swimming exercise to bone mass in men and women. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149(10):2197–2200.2802886
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leigey D, Irrgang J, Francis K, Cohen P, Wright V. Participation in high-impact sports predicts bone mineral density in senior olympic athletes. Sports Health. 2009;1(6):508–513. doi:10.1177/194173810934797923015914
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bolam KA, Beck BR, Adlard KN, et al. The relationship between BPAQ-derived physical activity and bone density of middle-aged and older men. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25(11):2663–2668. doi:10.1007/s00198-014-2797-z24993816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang H, Bae J, Hwang S, Park H, Kim I. Effects of breath-hold diving on bone mineral density of women divers. Joint Bone Spine. 2006;73(4):419–423. Epub 2006 Mar 20. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2005.07.00516626996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar