171
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Impacts of the Early COVID-19 Pandemic on Depressive Symptoms and Mental Health Among Student-Athletes

, ORCID Icon, , , , , , , ORCID Icon, & show all
Pages 19-28 | Received 10 Jan 2023, Accepted 06 Jul 2023, Published online: 18 Mar 2024

References

  • Golberstein E, Wen H, Miller BF. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mental health for children and adolescents. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174:819. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1456
  • Toresdahl BG, Asif IM. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): considerations for the competitive athlete. Sports Health. 2020;12(3):221–224. doi:10.1177/1941738120918876
  • Wolanin A, Gross M, Hong E. Depression in athletes: prevalence and risk factors. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2015;14(1):56–60. doi:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000123
  • Washif JA, Kok LY, James C, et al. Athlete level, sport-type, and gender influences on training, mental health, and sleep during the early COVID-19 lockdown in Malaysia. Front Physiol. 2022;13:1093965. doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1093965
  • Washif JA, Farooq A, Krug I, et al. Training during the COVID-19 lockdown: knowledge, beliefs, and practices of 12,526 athletes from 142 countries and six continents. Sports Med. 2022;52(4):933–948. doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01573-z
  • Romdhani M, Rae DE, Nedelec M, et al. COVID-19 lockdowns: a worldwide survey of circadian rhythms and sleep quality in 3911 athletes from 49 countries, with data-driven recommendations. Sports Med. 2022;52(6):1433–1448. doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01601-y
  • Romdhani M, Fullagar HHK, Vitale JA, et al. Lockdown duration and training intensity affect sleep behavior in an international sample of 1454 elite athletes. Front Physiol. 2022;13:904778. doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.904778
  • McPherson AL, Feller JA, Hewett TE, Webster KE. Smaller change in psychological readiness to return to sport is associated with second anterior cruciate ligament injury among younger patients. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(5):1209–1215. doi:10.1177/0363546519825499
  • Gouttebarge V, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Gorczynski P, et al. Occurrence of mental health symptoms and disorders in current and former elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(11):700–706. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100671
  • Stambulova N, Alfermann D, Statler T, Côté J. ISSP Position stand: career development and transitions of athletes. Int J Sport Exercise Psychol. 2009;7(4):395–412. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671916
  • Washif JA, Sandbakk O, Seiler S, et al. COVID-19 lockdown: a global study investigating the effect of athletes’ sport classification and sex on training practices. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022;17(8):1242–1256. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2021-0543
  • Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377–381. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010
  • Selim AJ, Rogers W, Fleishman JA, et al. Updated U.S. population standard for the veterans RAND 12-item health survey (VR-12). Qual Life Res. 2009;18(1):43–52. doi:10.1007/s11136-008-9418-2
  • Brewer BW, Van Raalte JL, Linder DE. Athletic identity: Hercules’ muscles or achilles heel? Int J Sport Psychol. 1993;24(2):237–254.
  • Padaki AS, Noticewala MS, Levine WN, Ahmad CS, Popkin MK, Popkin CA. Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms among young athletes after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6(7):2325967118787159. doi:10.1177/2325967118787159
  • Mitchell T, Rongen F, Perry J, Littlewood M, Till K. Validation of the athletic identity measurement scale in youth academy soccer players. J Athlete Development and Experience. 2021;3(3):4. doi:10.25035/jade.03.03.04
  • Wolanin A, Hong E, Marks D, Panchoo K, Gross M. Prevalence of clinically elevated depressive symptoms in college athletes and differences by gender and sport. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(3):167–171. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095756
  • Rao AL, Asif IM, Drezner JA, Toresdahl BG, Harmon KG. Suicide in national collegiate athletic association (NCAA) athletes: a 9-year analysis of the NCAA resolutions database. Sports Health. 2015;7(5):452–457. doi:10.1177/1941738115587675
  • Washif JA, Mujika I, DeLang MD, et al. Training practices of football players during the early COVID-19 lockdown worldwide. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2023;18(1):37–46. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2022-0186
  • Sanders G, Stevinson C. Associations between retirement reasons, chronic pain, athletic identity, and depressive symptoms among former professional footballers. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017;17(10):1311–1318. doi:10.1080/17461391.2017.1371795
  • Young JA, Pearce AJ, Kane R, Pain M. Leaving the professional tennis circuit: exploratory study of experiences and reactions from elite female athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(5):477–482. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.023341
  • Kilic O, Hopley P, Kerkhoffs G, et al. Impact of concussion and severe musculoskeletal injuries on the onset of mental health symptoms in male professional rugby players: a 12-month study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2019;5(1):e000693. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000693
  • Kilic O, Aoki H, Goedhart E, et al. Severe musculoskeletal time-loss injuries and symptoms of common mental disorders in professional soccer: a longitudinal analysis of 12-month follow-up data. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26(3):946–954. doi:10.1007/s00167-017-4644-1
  • Appaneal RN, Levine BR, Perna FM, Roh JL. Measuring postinjury depression among male and female competitive athletes. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2009;31(1):60–76. doi:10.1123/jsep.31.1.60
  • Challa S, Holliday M, Bartolomei K, Bartolomei J. Assessing elite athletes using PROMIS tools: the STEALTH project (student athlete health assessment). Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(7 suppl6):2325967120S2325900399. doi:10.1177/2325967120S00399
  • Kuhns B, Reuter J, Rouse L, et al. The effect of depression on patient reported outcomes measurement and information system computer adaptive test (PROMIS-CAT) scores and return-to-sport following ACL reconstruction. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(7 suppl6):2325967120S2325900460. doi:10.1177/2325967120S00460
  • Erpič S C, Wylleman P, Zupančič M. The effect of athletic and non-athletic factors on the sports career termination process. Psychol Sport Exercise. 2004;5(1):45–59. doi:10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00046-8
  • Esopenko C, Coury JR, Pieroth EM, Noble JM, Trofa DP, Bottiglieri TS. The psychological burden of retirement from sport. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2020;19(10):430–437. doi:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000761
  • Wippert P-M, Wippert J. The effects of involuntary athletic career termination on psychological distress. J Clinic Sport Psychol. 2010;4(2):133–149. doi:10.1123/jcsp.4.2.133
  • Kerr ZY, DeFreese JD, Marshall SW. Current physical and mental health of former collegiate athletes. Orthop J Sports Med. 2014;2(8):2325967114544107. doi:10.1177/2325967114544107
  • Ammar A, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, et al. COVID-19 home confinement negatively impacts social participation and life satisfaction: a worldwide multicenter study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17):6237. doi:10.3390/ijerph17176237
  • Lamont-Mills A, Christensen SA. Athletic identity and its relationship to sport participation levels. J Sci Med Sport. 2006;9(6):472–478. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.04.004
  • Warriner K, Lavallee D. The retirement experiences of elite female gymnasts: self identity and the physical self. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2008;20(3):301–317. doi:10.1080/10413200801998564
  • Grubic N, Jain S, Mihajlovic V, Thornton JS, Johri AM. Competing against COVID-19: have we forgotten about student-athletes’ mental health? Br J Sports Med. 2021;55(17):950–951. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-104218
  • Matsushita K, Grubic N. Bridging the gap: considerations for the design of effective and tailored student mental health supports. Can J Psychiatry. 2023;68(2):130–131. doi:10.1177/07067437221125303
  • Grubic N, Badovinac S, Johri AM. Student mental health in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for further research and immediate solutions. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66(5):517–518. doi:10.1177/0020764020925108
  • Park S, Lavallee D, Tod D. Athletes’ career transition out of sport: a systematic review. Int Rev Sport Exercise Psychol. 2013;6(1):22–53. doi:10.1080/1750984X.2012.687053
  • Giannone ZA, Haney CJ, Kealy D, Ogrodniczuk JS. Athletic identity and psychiatric symptoms following retirement from varsity sports. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2017;63(7):598–601. doi:10.1177/0020764017724184
  • Castaldelli-Maia JM, Gallinaro J, Falcão RS, et al. Mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes: a systematic review on cultural influencers and barriers to athletes seeking treatment. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(11):707–721. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100710
  • Gulliver A, Griffiths KM, Christensen H. Barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking for young elite athletes: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12(1):157. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-157
  • Stillman MA, Glick ID, McDuff D, et al. Psychotherapy for mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes: a narrative review. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(12):767. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100654
  • Lisee CM, DiSanti JS, Chan M, et al. Gender differences in psychological responses to recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction before return to sport. Journal of Athletic Training. 2020;55(10):1098–1105. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-558.19
  • Reardon CL, Hainline B, Aron CM, et al. Mental health in elite athletes: international Olympic committee consensus statement. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(11):667–699. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100715
  • Li H, Moreland JJ, Peek-Asa C, Yang J. Preseason anxiety and depressive symptoms and prospective injury risk in collegiate athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(9):2148–2155. doi:10.1177/0363546517702847
  • Washif JA, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, et al. Regression analysis of perceived stress among elite athletes from changes in diet, routine and well-being: effects of the COVID-19 lockdown and “bubble” training camps. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;19(1):402. doi:10.3390/ijerph19010402
  • D’Astous E, Podlog L, Burns R, Newton M, Fawver B. Perceived competence, achievement goals, and return-to-sport outcomes: a mediation analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):2980. doi:10.3390/ijerph17092980
  • Fisk F, Franovic S, Tramer JS, et al. PROMIS CAT forms demonstrate responsiveness in patients following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair across numerous health domains. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019;28(12):2427–2432. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2019.04.055
  • Lally P. Identity and athletic retirement: a prospective study. Psychol Sport Exercise. 2007;8(1):85–99. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.03.003