4,292
Views
56
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

The elite young athlete: strategies to ensure physical and emotional health

, &
Pages 99-113 | Published online: 31 Aug 2016

References

  • CaineDJAre kids having a rough time of it in sports?Br J Sports Med2010441320026697
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeleletal and Skin DiseasesPreventing musculoskeletal sports injuries in youth: a guide for parents62013 Available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Sports_Injuries/child_sports_injuries.aspAccessed May 25, 2014
  • MountjoyMArmstrongNBizziniLIOC consensus statement: training the elite child athleteBr J Sports Med200842316316418048429
  • SteffenKEngebretsenLMore data needed on injury risk among elite young athletesBr J Sports Med20104448548920460261
  • EngebretsenLSteffenKBahrRThe International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement on age determination in high level young athletesBr J Sports Med201044747648420519254
  • Olympic.orgOfficial website of the Olympic Movement. What is the Youth Olympic Games? Available at: https://www.olympic.org/youth-olympic-gamesAccessed March 30, 2016
  • HeggieTWCaineDJEpidemiology of Injury in Adventure and Extreme SportsBasel, SwitzerlandKarger2012116
  • ArmstrongNMcManusAMPreface. The elite young athleteMed Sport Sci2011561321178364
  • KerrGStirlingAMacPhersonEPsychological injury in pediatric and adolescent sportsCaineDPurcellLInjury in Pediatric and Adolescent Sports: Epidemiology, Treatment and PreventionNew York, NYSpringer2016179190
  • FieldsSKCollinsCLComstockRDViolence in youth sports: hazing, brawling and foul playBr J Sports Med201044323719858113
  • CaineDJGolightlyYMOsteoarthritis as an outcome of paediatric sport: an epidemiological perspectiveBr J Sports Med201145529830321330645
  • WildCYSteeleJRMunroBJMusculoskeletal and estrogen changes during the adolescent growth spurt in girlsMed Sci Sports Exerc20134513814522843105
  • MicheliLJOveruse injuries in children’s sports: the growth factorOrthop Clin North Am1983143373606843972
  • MaffulliNCaineDThe younger athleteBruknerPKhanKClinical Sports Medicine4th edSydney, AustraliaMcGraw-Hill2012888909
  • MalinaRMBouchardCBar-OrOGrowth, Maturation, and Physical Activity2nd edChampaign, ILHuman Kinetics2004267273
  • PurcellLConcussion in youth athletesCaineDPurcellLInjury in Pediatric and Adolescents Sports: Epidemiology, Treatment and PreventionNew York, NYSpringer2016151162
  • McCroryPMeewisseWHAubryMConsensus statement on concussion in sport: the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012Br J Sports Med20134725025823479479
  • HarmonKGDreznerJGammonsMAmerican Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: concussion in sportClin J Sport Med201343783802
  • CaineDCaineCChild camel jockeys: a present-day tragedy involving children and sportClin J Sport Med200515528728916162984
  • National Center for Injury Prevention and ControlCDC Injury Research Agenda 2009–2018Atlanta, GACenters for Disease Prevention and Control Available from: http://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/21769Accessed January 1, 2009
  • GriffinLYAlbohmMJArendtEAUnderstanding and preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a review of the Hunt Valley II meeting, January 2005Am J Sports Med2006341512153216905673
  • Hastmann-WalshTCaineDJInjury risk and its long-term effects for youthBakerJSafaiPFraser-ThomasJHealth and Elite Sports: Is High Performance Sport a Healthy Pursuit?New York, NYRoutledge20156580
  • JohnsonADohertyDJFreemontAInvestigation of growth, development, and factors associated with injury in elite schoolboy footballers: prospective studyBMJ2009338b49019246550
  • LeGallFCarlingCReillyTInjuries in young elite female soccer players: an 8-season prospective studyAm J Sports Med20083627628417932408
  • LeGallFCarlingCReillyTVandewalleHChurchJRochcongarPIncidence of injuries in French youth soccer players: a 10 season studyAm J Sports Med20063492899816436535
  • YungPSHEpidemiology of injuries in Hong Kong elite badminton athletesRes Sports Med20071513314617578753
  • HägglundMWaldénMEkstrandJUEFA injury study-an injury audit of European championships 2006 to 2008Br J Sports Med20094348348919246461
  • WaldénMHägglundMEkstrandJFootball injuries during European Championships 2004–2005Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc2007151155116217375283
  • JungeADvorakJInjuries in female football players in top-level international tournamentsBr J Sports Med200741Suppl 1i3i717646248
  • JungeADvorakJGraf-BaumannTPetersonLFootball injuries during FIFA tournaments and the Olympic Games 1998–2000: development and implementation of an injury reporting systemAm J Sports Med2004321 Suppl805895
  • CaineDJNassarLGymnastics injuriesCaineDJMaffuliNEpidemiology of Pediatric Sports Injuries: Individual SportsBasel, SwitzerlandKarger20051858
  • NabhanDWaldenTStreetJLindenHMoreauBSports injury and illness epidemiology during the 2014 Youth Olympic Games: United States Olympic team surveillanceBr J Sports Med2016501168869327098886
  • RuedlGSchobersbergerWPoceccoESport injuries and illnesses during the first Winter Youth Olympic Games 2012 in Innsbruck, AustriaBr J Sports Med2012461030103723148325
  • van BeijsterveldAMCThizsKMBackxFJGSteffenKBrozičevićVStubbeJHSports injuries and illnesses during the European Youth Olympic Festival 2013Br J Sports Med20154944845225573616
  • RuedlGSchnitzerMKirschnerWSports injuries and illnesses during the 2015 Winter European Youth Olympic FestivalBr J Sports Med20165063163626884224
  • KnowlesSBMarshallSWBowlingMJRisk factors for injury among high school football playersEpidemiol2009202302310
  • MalinaRMMoranoPJBarronMIncidence and player risk factors for injury in youth footballClin J Sport Med20061621422216778541
  • EmeryCAMeeuwisseWHInjury rates, risk factors, and mechanisms of injury in minor hockeyAm J Sports Med2006341960196916861577
  • McKayCCampbellTMeeuwisseWEmeryCThe role of psychological risk factors for injury in elite youth ice hockeyClin J Sports Med2013233216221
  • EmeryCAMeeuwisseWHHartmannSEEvaluation of risk factors for injury in adolescent soccer. Implementation and validation of an injury surveillance systemAm J Sports Med2005331882189116157843
  • CaineDKnutzenKHoweWA three-year epidemiological study of injuries affecting young female gymnastsPhys Ther Sport200341023
  • BaileyDAWedgeJHMcCullochRGMartinADBernhardsonSCEpidemiology of fractures of the distal end of the radius in children as associated with growthJ Bone Joint Surg Am198971122512312777851
  • DugglebyTKumarSEpidemiology of juvenile low back pain: a reviewDisabil Rehabil1997195055129442988
  • DiFioriJPPufferJCAishBDoreyFWrist pain in young gymnasts: frequency and effects on training over 1 yearClin J Sport Med20021234835312466689
  • NiemeyerPWeinbergASchmittHStress fracture in the juvenile skeletal systemInt J Sport Med200627242249
  • PliskyPJRauhMJKaminskiTWUnderwoodFBStart excursion balance test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball playersJ Orthop Sports Phys Ther20063691191917193868
  • WangHKChenCHShiangTYJanMHLinKHRisk-factor analysis of highs school basketball player ankle injuries: a prospective controlled cohort study evaluating postural sway, ankle strength, and flexibilityArch Phys Med Rehabil200687682182516731218
  • TrojiianTHMcKeagDBSingle leg balance test to identify risk of ankle sprainsBr J Sports Med20064061061316687483
  • McGuineTAGreeneJJBestTLeversonGBalance as a predictor of ankle injuries in high school basketball playersClin J Sport Med20001023924411086748
  • BackousDDFriedlKESmithNJParrTJCarpineWDJrSoccer injuries and their relation to physical maturityAm J Dis Child19881428398423394676
  • LinderMMTownsendDJJonesJCBalkcomILAnthonyCRIncidence of adolescent injuries in junior high school football and its relationship to sexual maturityClin J Sport Med199551671707670972
  • LeGallFCarlingCReillyTBiological maturity and injury in elite youth footballScand J Med Sci Sports200717556457217076832
  • StuartMJMorreyMASmithAMInjuries in youth football: a prospective observation cohort analysis among players aged 9–13 yearsMayo Clin Proc200277431732211936925
  • GomezJDRossSKCalmbachWKimmelRBSchmidtDRDhandaRBody fatness and increased injury rates in high school football linemanClin J Sport Med199881151209641441
  • KaplanTADigelSLScavoVAArellanaSBEffect of obesity on injury risk in high school football playersClin J Sport Med1995543477614081
  • KnowlesSBMarshallSWGuskiewiczKMIssues in estimating risks and rates in sports injury researchJ Athl Train20064120721516791309
  • HuffmanEAYardEEFieldsSKCollinsCLComstockRDEpidemiology of rare injuries and conditions among United States High School Athletes during 2005–2006 and 2006–2007J Athl Train200843662463019030141
  • RechelJACollinsCLComstockRDEpidemiology of injuries requiring surgery among high school athletes in the United States, 2005 to 2010J Trauma201171498298921986739
  • MararMMcIlvainNMFieldsSKComstockRDEpidemiology of concussions among United States high school athletes in 20 sportsAm J Sports Med201240474775522287642
  • TenfordeASSayresLCMcCurdyMLSainaniKLFredericsonMIdentifying sex-specific risk factors for stress fractures in adolescent runnersMed Sci Sports Exerc201345101843185123584402
  • RauhMJKoepsellTDRivaraFPMargheritaAJRiceSGEpidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries among high school cross-country runnersAm J Epidem20061632151159
  • CaineDCaineCMaffulliNIncidence and distribution of pediatric sport-related injuriesClin J Sport Med200616650051317119363
  • EmeryCAHagelBDecloeMCarlyMRisk factors for injury and severe injury in youth ice hockey: a systematic review of the literatureInj Prev201016211311820363818
  • CusimanoMDTabackNAMcFaullSRHodginsRBekeleTMElfekiNCanadian Research Team in Traumatic Brain Injury and ViolenceEffect of body checking on rate of injuries among minor hockey playersOpen Med201151e57e6422046222
  • EmeryCAKangJShrierIRisk of injury associated with body checking among youth ice hockey playersJAMA2010303222265227220530780
  • DunSLofticeJFleisigGSKingsleyDAndrewsJRA biomechanical comparison of youth baseball pitches: is the curveball potentially harmful?Am J Sports Med20053668669218055920
  • FleisigGSAndrewsJRCutterGRRisk of serious injury for young baseball pitchers: a 10-year prospective studyAm J Sports Med201139225325721098816
  • DennisRJFinchCFFarhartJPIs bowling workload a risk factor for injury to Australian junior cricket fast bowlers?Br J Sports Med2005391184384616244195
  • HjelmNWernerSRenstromPInjury risk factors in junior tennis players: a prospective 2-year studyScand J Med Sci Sports2012221404820561286
  • DiFioriJPMandelbaumBRWrist pain in a young gymnast: unusual radiographic findings and MRI evidence of growth plate injuryMed Sci Sports Exerc19962812145314588970137
  • LoudKJGordonCMMicheliLJFieldAECorrelates of stress fractures among preadolescent and adolescent girlsPediatrics20051154e399e40615805341
  • LukeALazaroRMBergeronMFSports-related injuries in youth athletes: is overscheduling a risk factor?Clin J Sport Med201121430731421694586
  • OlsenSJFleisigGSDunSLofticeJAndrewsJRRisk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchersAm J Sports Med200634690591216452269
  • LymanSFleisigGSWaterborJWLongitudinal study of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchersMed Sci Sports Exerc200133111803181011689728
  • PintoMKuhnJEGreenfieldMLHawkinsRJProspective analysis of ice hockey injuries at the junior A level over the course of one seasonClin J Sport Med199992707410442620
  • Thein-NissenbaumJMRauhMJCarrKELoudKJMcGuineTAAssociations between disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and musculoskeletal injury among high school athletesJ Orthop Sports Phys Ther2011412606921212503
  • RauhMJNicholsJFBarrackMTRelationships among injury and disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density in high school athletes: a prospective studyJ Athl Train201045324325220446837
  • CaineDGoodwinBInjury risk factors in pediatric and adolescent sportsCaineDPurcellLInjury in Pediatric and Adolescent Sports: Epidemiology, Treatment and PreventionNew York, NYSpringer2016191204
  • HarmerPInjury research in pediatric and adolescent sportsCaineDPurcellLInjury in Pediatric and Adolescent Sports: Epidemiology, Treatment and PreventionNew York, NYSpringer2016233242
  • FurnhamABadminNSneadeIBody image dissatisfaction: gender differences in eating attitudes, self-esteem and reasons for exerciseJ Psychol2002136658159612523447
  • National Association of Anorexia Nevrosa and Associated Disorders2013 Available at: http://www.anad.org/get-information/about-eating-disorders/eating-disorders-statistics/Accessed April 25, 2016
  • ShriverLHBettsNMWollenbergGDietary intakes and eating habits of college athletes: are female collegiate athletes following the current sports nutritional standards?J Am Coll Health2013611101623305540
  • NutterJSeasonal changes in female athletes dietsInt J Sport Nutr1991143954071844571
  • SchillingLNikitaMWhat coaches need to know about the nutrition of female high school athletes: a dietitian’s perspectiveStrength Condit J20083051617
  • BuchholzAMackHMcVeyGFederSBarrowmanNBodySense: an evaluation of a positive body image intervention on sport climate for female athletesEat Disord20081630832118568921
  • AboodDABlackDRBirnbaumRDNutrition education intervention for college female athletesJ Nutr Educ Behav200436313513715202989
  • PratherHHuntDMcKeonKAre elite female soccer athletes at risk for disordered eating attitudes, menstrual dysfunction, and stress fractures?PM R20168320821326188245
  • GielKEHermann-WernerAMayerJEating disorder pathology in elite adolescent athletesInt J Eat Disorder2016496553562
  • MartinsenMSundgot-BordenJHigher prevalence of eating disorders among adolescent elite athletes than controlsMed Sci Sports Exerc20134561188119723274604
  • MuiaENWrightHHOnywereVOKuriaENAdolescent elite Kenyan runners are at risk for energy deficiency, menstrual dysfunction and disordered eatingJ Sports Sci201634759860626153433
  • EmeryCRoyTOHagelBMacphersonANettel-AquirreAInjury prevention in youth sportCaineDPurcellLInjury in Pediatric and Adolescent Sports: Epidemiology, Treatment and PreventionNew York, NYSpringer2016205229
  • WhittakerJLWoodhouseLJNettel-AguirreAEmeryCAOutcomes associated with early post-traumatic osteoarthritis and other negative health consequences 3–10 years following knee joint injury in youth sportOsteoarthritis Cartilage20152371122112925725392
  • GolightlyYMMarshallSWCaineDJFuture shock: youth sports and osteoarthritis riskLower Extremity Rev20113102227
  • AllenKDGolightlyYMEpidemiology of osteoarthritis: state of the evidenceCurr Opin Rheumatol201527327628325775186
  • AjuiedAWongFSmithCAnterior ligament injury and radiologic progression of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysisAm J Sports Med20144292242225224214929
  • RichmondSAFukuchiRKEzzatASchneiderKSchneiderGEmeryCAAre joint injury, sport activity, physical activity, obesity, or occupational activities predictors for osteoarthritis? A systematic reviewJ Orthop Sports Phys Ther201343851551923756344
  • von PoratARoosEMRoosHHigh prevalence of osteoarthritis 14 years after an anterior cruciate ligament tear in male soccer players: a study of radiographic and patient relevant outcomesAnn Rheum Dis2004633260273
  • McNicholasMJRowleyDIMcGurtyDTotal meniscectomy in adolescence: a thirty-year follow-upJ Bone Joint Surg Br200082221722110755429
  • DaiLZhangWXuYMeniscal injury in children: long-term results after meniscectomyKnee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc19975277799228312
  • WrobleRRHendersonRCCampionERMeniscectomy in children and adolescents: a long-term follow-up studyClin Orthop Relat Res19922791801891600654
  • ManzioneMPizzutilloPDPeoplesABSchweizerPAMeniscectomy in children: a long-term follow-up studyAm J Sports Med19831131111156688155
  • ZamanMLeonardMAMeniscectomy in children: results in 59 kneesInjury19811254254286894909
  • MedlarRCMandibergJJLyneEDMeniscectomies in children. Report of long-term results (mean, 8.3 years) of 26 childrenAm J Sports Med19808287926892670
  • AndersonDDChubinskayaSGuilakFPost-traumatic osteoarthritis: improved understanding and opportunities for early interventionJ Orthop Res201129680280921520254
  • FlemingBCHulstynMJOsksendahlHLFadalePDLigament injury, reconstruction, and osteoarthritisCurr Opin Rheumatol2005165354362
  • MaffulliNLongoUGGougouliasNLoppiniMDenaroVLong-term health outcomes of youth sports injuriesBr J Sports Med2010441212519952376
  • CaineDJDalyRMJollyDHagelBECochraneBRisk factors for injury in young competitive female gymnastsBr J Sports Med2006408994
  • DiFioriJPBenjaminHJBrennerJOveruse injuries and burnout in youth sports: a position statement from the American Medical Society for Sports MedicineClin J Sport Med201424132024366013
  • RobertsWOOveruse injuries and burnout in youth sportsClin J Sport Med20142411224366012
  • WinsleyRMatosNOvertraining and elite youth athletesMed Sport Sci2011569710521178369
  • HellstedtJCThe coach/parent/athlete relationshipSport Psychol19871151160
  • WilliamsJMAndersenMBPsychosocial antecedents of sport injury: review and critique of the stress and injury modelJ Appl Sport Psychol1998101525
  • KerrGMindenHPsychological factors related to the occurrence of athletic injuriesJ Sport Exerc Psychol198810167173
  • PetrieTAPsychosocial antecedents of athletic injury: the effects of life stress and social support on female college gymnastsBehav Med19921831271381421746
  • HolmesTHPsychological screeningFootball Injuries. Papers presented at a workshop Sponsored by Subcommittee on Athletic Injuries, Committee on the Skeletal System, Division of Medical Sciences, National Research Council21969Washington, DCNational Academy of Sciences211214
  • SteffenKPensgaardABahrRSelf-reported psychological characteristics as risk factors for injuries in female youth footballScand J Med Sci Sports200919344245118435692
  • PufferJCMcShaneJMDepression and chronic fatigue in athletesClin Sports Med19921123273381591789
  • CohnPJAn exploratory study on sources of stress and athlete burnout in youth golfSport Psychol19904295106
  • GouldDJacksonSFinchLSources of stress in national champion figure skatersJ Sport Exerc Psychol1993152134159
  • Puente-DiazRAnshelMHSources of acute stress, cognitive appraisal, and coping strategies among highly skilled Mexican and U.S. competitive tennis playersJ Soc Psychol2005145442944616050340
  • ScanlanTKSteinGLRavizzaKAn in-depth study of former elite figure skaters: sources of stressJ Sport Exerc Psychol1991132103120
  • American College of Sports MedicineAmerican Academy of Family PhysiciansAmerican Academy of Orthopaedic SurgeonsAmerican Medical Society for Sports MedicineAmerican Orthopaedic Society for Sports MedicineAmerican Osteopathic Academy of Sports MedicinePsychological issues related to injury in athletes and the team physician: a consensus statementMed Sci Sports Exerc200638112030204017095938
  • MadisonRPrapavessisHA psychological approach to the prediction and prevention of athletic injuryJ Sport Exerc Psychol200527289310
  • RogersTJLandersDMMediating effects of peripheral vision in the life event stress/athletic injury relationshipJ Sport Exerc Psychol200527271288
  • AndersonCBMasseLCZhangHColemanKJChangSContribution of athletic identity to child and adolescent physical activityAm J Prev Med200937322022619595559
  • VisekAJHurstJRMaxwellJPWatsonJCA cross-cultural psychometric evaluation of the athletic identity measurement scaleJ Appl Sport Psychol200820473480
  • BrewerBWVan RaalteJLLinderDEAthletic identity: Hercules’ muscles or Achilles heel?Int J Sport Psychol1993242237254
  • HortonRSMackDEAthletic identity in marathon runners: functional focus or dysfunctional commitment?J Sport Behav2000232101119
  • MillerPSKerrGAThe athletic, academic and social experience of intercollegiate student athletesJ Sport Behav2002254346367
  • RybaTVAunolaKKalajaSSelanneHRonkainenNJNurmiJEA new perspective on adolescent athletes’ transition into upper secondary school: a longitudinal mixed methods study protocolCogent Psychol201631115
  • VerkooijenKTvan HovePDikGAthletic identity and well-being among young talented athletes who live in a Dutch elite sport centerJ Appl Sport Psychol2012241106113
  • LemyrePNHallHKRobertsGCA social cognitive approach to burnout in elite athletesScand J Med Sci Sports20081822123417617173
  • FrankRNixdorfIBeckmannJDepression among elite athletes: prevalence and psychological factorsDtsch Z Sportmed2015 Available at: http://www.zeitschrift-sportmedizin.de/fileadmin/content/Englische_Artikel/Originalia_Frank_englisch.pdfAccessed July 18, 2016
  • HamerMStamatakisESteptoeADose-response relationship between physical activity and mental health: the Scottish health surveyBr J Sports Med200943141111111418403415
  • DaleyAExercise and depression: a review of reviewsJ Clin Psychol Med Settings200815214014719104978
  • GulliverAGriffithsKMChristensenHInternet-based interventions to promote mental health help-seeking in elite athletes: an exploratory randomized controlled trialJ Med Internet Res2012143e6922743352
  • GulliverAGriffithsKMChristensenHBarriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking for young elite athletes: a qualitative studyBMC Psychiatry20121215723009161
  • HammondTGialloretoCKubasHHap DavisHThe prevalence of failure-based depression among elite athletesClin J Sport Med201323427327723528842
  • LeddyMHLambertMLOglesBMPsychological consequences of athletic injury among high-level competitorsRes Q Exerc Sport19946543473547886284
  • ManuelJCShiltJSCurlWWCoping with sports injuries: an examination of the adolescent athleteJ Adolesc Health200231539139312401424
  • JayanthiNPinkhamCDugasLPatrickBLabellaCSports specialization in young athletes: evidence-based recommendationsSports Health20135325125724427397
  • BompaTFrom Childhood to Champion AthleteToronto, CanadaVeritas Publishing, Inc1995
  • BaryninaIIVaitsekhovskiiSMThe aftermath of early sports specialization for highly qualified swimmersFitness Sports Rev Int199227132133
  • WallMCoteJDevelopmental activities that lead to dropout and investment in sportPediatr Exerc Sci20071217787
  • ButcherJLindnerKJJohnsDPWithdrawal from competitive youth sport: a retrospective ten-year studyJ Sport Behav2002252145163
  • LawMCoteJEricssonKACharacteristics of expert development in rhythmic gymnastics: a retrospective studyInt J Exerc Sport Psychol20075182103
  • GouldDUdryETuffeySLoehrJBurnout in competitive junior tennis players: a quantitative psychological assessmentSport Psychol1996104322340
  • BudgettRFatigue and underperformance in athletes: the overtraining syndromeBr J Sports Med19983221071109631215
  • SmallEChronic musculoskeletal pain in young athletesPediatr Clin North Am200249365566212119870
  • O’ConnerPJMorganWPRaglinJSBarksdaleCMKalinNHMood state and salivary cortisol levels following overtraining in females swimmersPsychoneuroendocrinology19891443033102813655
  • NixdorfIFrankRHautzingerMBeckmannJPrevalence of depressive symptoms and correlating variables among German elite athletesJ Clin Sport Psychol201374313326
  • SteinackerJMBrickMSimschCThyroid hormones, cytokines, physical training and metabolic controlHorm Metab Res200537953854416175490
  • Ariza-VargasLDominguez-EscribanoMLopez-BedoyaJVernetta-SantanaMThe effect of anxiety on the ability to learn gymnastic skills: a study based on the schema theorySport Psychol2011252127143
  • MakiBEMcIlroyWEInfluence of arousal and attention on the control of postural swayJ Vestib Res19966153598719510
  • KoltGSKirkbyRJInjury, anxiety, and mood in competitive gymnasticsPercept Mot Skills19947839559628084718
  • AppletonPRHillAPPerfectionism and athlete burnout in junior elite athletes: the mediating role of motivation regulationsJ Clin Sport Psychol201262129145
  • AppletonPRHallHKHillAPRelations between multidimensional perfectionism and burnout in junior-elite male athletesPsychol Sport Exerc2009104457465
  • Terry-ShortLAOwensRGSladePDDeweyMEPositive and negative perfectionismPers Indiv Differ1995185663668
  • FlettGLHewittPLThe perils of perfectionism in sports and exerciseCurr Dir Psychol20051411418
  • FrostROHendersonKJPerfectionism and reactions to athletic competitionJ Sport Exerc Psychol1991134323335
  • DunnJGHDunnJCGotwalsJKVallanceJKHCraftJMSyrotuikDGEstablishing construct validity evidence for the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism ScalePsychol Sport Exerc200675759
  • GouldDLauerLRoloCJannesCPennisiNUnderstanding the role parents play in tennis success: a national survey of junior tennis coachesBr J Sports Med200640763263616702176
  • ShieldsDLBredemeirBLLaVoiNMPowerFCThe sport behavior of youth, parents, and coaches: the good, the bad, and the uglyJ Res Character Educ2007314359
  • KidmanLMackenzieAMackenzieBThe nature and target of parental comments during youth sports competitionsJ Sport Behav19992215468
  • BlomLCDraneDParents’ sideline comments: exploring the reality of a growing issueAthletic Insight2008103 Available from: http://www.athleticinsight.com/Accessed July 18, 2016
  • VincentMAMcCabeMPGender differences among adolescents in family, and peer influences on body dissatisfaction, weight loss, and binge eating behaviorsJ Youth Adolesc2000292205221
  • PikeKMRodinJMothers, daughters, and disordered eatingJ Abnorm Psychol199110021982042040771
  • BlackmerVSearightHRRatwikSHThe relationship between eating attitudes, body image, and perceived family-of-origin climate among college athletesN Am J Psychol2011133435446
  • FranciscoRAlarcaoMNarcisoIAesthetic sports as high risk contexts for eating disorders: young elite dancers and gymnasts perspectivesSpan J Psychol201215126527422379716
  • KerrGStirlingAParents’ reflections on their child’s experiences of emotionally abusive coaching practicesJ Appl Sport Psychol2012242191206
  • StirlingEA2011Initiating and sustaining emotional abuse in the coach-athlete relationship: athletes’, parents’, and coaches’ reflections Available at: https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/35742/3/Stirling_Ashley_E_201106_PhD_thesis.pdfAccessed July 18, 2016
  • GlaserDEmotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): a conceptual frameworkChild Abuse Negl2002266–769771412201163
  • AlexanderKStaffordALewisRThe experiences of children participating in organized sport in the UK, Edinburgh University of Edinburgh/NSPCC2011 Available at: http://www.nspcc.ork/uk/Inform/research/findings/experiences_children_sport_main_report_wdf85014.pdfAccessed July 18, 2016
  • Huffington PostDominique Moceanu talks body image in gymnastics, says coaches can “scar for life” Available at: http://www.huffington-post.com/2013/07/19/dominique-moceanu-body-im_n_3625224.htmlAccessed July 18, 2016
  • MountjoyMRhindDJTilvasALegliseMSafeguarding the child athlete in sport: a review, a framework and recommendations for the IOC youth athlete development modelBr J Sports Med2015491388388626084527
  • EmeryCARoyTOWhittakerJLNettel-AquirreAvan MechelenWNeuromuscular training injury prevention strategies in youth sport: a systematic review and meta-analysisBr J Sports Med20154986587026084526
  • SchiffMCaineDO’HalloranRInjury prevention in sportsAm J Lifestyle Med201044264
  • CaineDMaffulliNCaineCEpidemiology of pediatric and adolescent sports injuries “International Perspectives,” Micheli LJ (ed)Clin Sports Med2008271195018206567
  • EmeryCAMeeuwisseWHMcAllisterJRA survey of sport participation, sport injury and sport safety practices in adolescentsClin J Sport Med200616202616377971
  • RussellKChristieJHagelBEThe effect of helmets on the risk of head and neck injuries among skiers and snowboarders: a meta-analysisCMAJ2010182433334020123800
  • CusimanoMDKwokJThe effectiveness of helmet wear in skiers and snowboarders: a systematic reviewBr J Sport Med20104411781786
  • HaiderAHSaleemTBilaniukJWBarracoRDEastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Injury Control Violence Prevention CommitteeAn evidence based review: efficacy of safety helmets in reduction of head injuries in recreational skiers and snowboardersJ Trauma Acute Care Surg20127351340134723117389
  • BensonBWMohtadiNGRoseMSMeeuwisseWHHead and neck injuries among ice hockey players wearing full face shields versus half face shieldsJAMA1999282242328233210612320
  • BensonBWRoseMSMeeuwisseWHThe impact of face shield use on concussion in ice hockey: a multivariate analysisBr J Sport Med20023612732
  • StuartMJSmothhAMMalo-OritgueraSAFischnerTLLarsonDRA comparison of facial protection and the incidence of head, neck, and facial injuries in Junior A hockey players: a function of individual playing timeAm J Sports Med2002301394411798994
  • RussellKHagelBFrancescuttiLHThe effect of wrist guards on wrist and arm injuries among snowboarders: a systematic reviewClin J Sport Med200717214515017414485
  • EmeryCAInjury prevention in paediatric sport-related injuries: a scientific approachBr J Sports Med201044649919945972
  • MartinsenMBahrRBorresenRHolmeIPensgaardAMSundgot-BorgenJPreventing eating disorders among youth elite athletes: a randomized controlled trialMed Sci Sports Exerc201446343544724549033
  • MartinsenMShermanRTThompsonRASundgot-BorgenJCoaches’ knowledge and management of eating disorders: a randomized controlled trialMed Sci Sports Exerc20154751070107825202842
  • MainLGrobeJRA multi-component assessment model for monitoring training distress among athletesEur J Sport Sci200994195202
  • NicolasMGaudreauPFrancheVPerception of coaching behaviors, coping, and achievement in a sport competitionJ Sport Exerc Psychol201133346046821659673
  • GustafssonHSkoogTThe mediational role of perceived stress in the relation between optimism and burnout in competitive athletesAnxiety Stress Coping201225218319921726158
  • GerberMKalakNLmolaSAre adolescents with high mental toughness levels more resilient against stress?Stress Health201329216417122941714
  • TurnerMJJonesMVSheffieldDSlaterMJBarkerJBBellJJWho thrives under pressure? Predicting the performance of elite academy cricketers using the cardiovascular indicators of challenge and threat statesJ Sport Exerc Psychol201335438739723966448
  • TamminenKAHoltNLCrockerPREAdolescent athletes: psychosocial challenges and clinical concernsCurr Opin Psychiatry201225429330022569310
  • KnightCJBodenCMHoltNLJunior tennis players’ preferences for parental behaviorsJ Appl Sport Psychol2010224377391
  • KnightCJNeelyKCHoltNLParental behaviors in team sports: how do female athletes want parents to behave?J Appl Sport Psychol20112317692
  • KeeganRJSprayCMHarwoodCGLavalleeDThe motivational atmosphere in youth sport: coach, parent, and peer influences on motivation in specializing sport participantsJ Appl Sport Psychol201022187105
  • CoteJBakerJAbernethyBFrom play to practice: a developmental framework for the acquisition of expertise in team sportsStarkesJEricssonKAExpert Performance in Sports: Advances in Research on Sport ExpertiseChampaign, ILHuman Kinetics200389110
  • ArnoldRFletcherDA research synthesis and taxonomic classification of the organizational stressors encountered by sport performersJ Sport Exerc Psychol201234339742922691400