Two-year analysis of changes in the optic nerve and retina following anti-VEGF treatments in diabetic macular edema patients

References

• Kaur C, Foulds W, Ling E. Blood-retinal barrier in hypoxic ischaemic conditions: basic concepts, clinical features and management. Progress In Retinal And Eye Research. 2008;27(6):622–647. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porte D, Sherwin RS, Baron A, Ellenberg M, Rifkin H. Ellenberg & Rifkins Diabetes Mellitus. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Platania CB, Giurdanella G, Paola LD, et al. P2X7 receptor antagonism: implications in diabetic retinopathy. Biochemical Pharmacology. 2017;138:130–139. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt RIG, Cockram CS, Flyvbjerg A, Goldstein BJ. Textbook of Diabetes. 4th ed. Chichester (West Sussex): Wiley Blackwell; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos N, Martin J, Ruan Q, et al. Binding and neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related ligands by VEGF Trap, ranibizumab and bevacizumab. Angiogenesis. 2012;15(2):171–185. doi:10.1007/s10456-011-9249-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med. 2003;9:669–676. doi:10.1038/nm0603-669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diabetes and Your Eyesight. Diabetes and Your Eyesight | glaucoma Research Foundation. 2017. Available from: http://www.glaucoma.org/glaucoma/diabetes-and-your-eyesight.php. Accessed May 16, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham ET Jr, Adamis AP, Altaweel M, et al. A Phase II randomized double-masked trial of pegaptanib, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor aptamer, for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(10):1747–1757. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chun DW, Heier JS, Topping TM, Duker JS, Bankert JM. A pilot study of multiple intravitreal injections of ranibizumab in patients with center-involving clinically significant diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:1706–1712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen QD, Tatlipinar S, Shah SM, Haller JA, Quinlan E, Sung J. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a critical stimulus for diabetic macular edema. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2006;142(6):961–969. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2006.06.068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haritoglou C, Kook D, Neubauer A, Wolf A, Priglinger S, Strauss R. Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) therapy for persistent diffuse diabetic macular edema. Retina. 2006;26(9):999–1005. doi:10.1097/01.iae.0000247165.38655.bf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arevalo JF1, Fromow-Guerra J, Quiroz-Mercado H, et al. Primary intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for diabetic macular edema: results from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group at 6-month follow-up. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(4):743–750. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.12.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network, Scott IU, Edwards AR, Beck RW, et al. A Phase II randomized clinical trial of intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(10):1860–1867. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.05.062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmadieh H, Ramezani A, Shoeibi N, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab with or without triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema; a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008;246(4):483–489. doi:10.1007/s00417-007-0688-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Sinha S. Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema in an Indian population. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2007;55:451–455.
   Google Scholar
• Gragoudas ES, Adamis AP, Cunningham ET, Feinsod M, Guyer DR. Pegaptamib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2805–2816. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa042760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld PJ, Brown DM, Heier JS, et al. Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(4):1419–1431. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa054481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DM, Kaiser PK, Michels M, et al. Ranibizumab versus verteporfin for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(14):1432–1444. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa062655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heier JS, Boyer DS, Ciulla TA, et al. Ranibizumab combined with verteporfin photodynamic therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124(11):1532–1542. doi:10.1001/archopht.124.11.1532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathalone N, Arodi-Golan A, Sar S, et al. Sustained elevation of intraocular pressure after intravitreal injections of bevacizumab in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012;250(10):1435–1440. doi:10.1007/s00417-012-1981-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arikan G, Saatci AO, Oner FH. Immediate intraocular pressure rise after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and two doses of triamcinolone acetonide. Int J Ophthalmol. 2011;4(4):402. doi:10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.03.10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Good TJ, Kimura AE, Mandava N, Kahook MY. Sustained elevation of intraocular pressure after intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95(8):1111–1114. doi:10.1136/bjo.2010.180729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng J, Vance S, Della Torre K, Mendonca L, Cooney M, Klancnik J. Sustained increased intraocular pressure related to intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. J Glaucoma. 2012;21(4):241–247. doi:10.1097/IJG.0b013e31820d7d19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakri S, Moshfeghi D, Francom S, Rundle A, Reshef D, Lee P. Intraocular pressure in eyes receiving monthly ranibizumab in 2 pivotal age-related macular degeneration clinical trials. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(5):1102–1108. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.11.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh R, Kim J. Ocular hypertension following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Drugs Aging. 2012;29(12):949–956. doi:10.1007/s40266-012-0031-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujimoto JG. Optical Coherence Tomography of Ocular Diseases. 2nd ed. Thorofare (NJ): Slack Inc; 2004:714.
   Google Scholar
• Mwanza J-C, Oakley JD, Budenz DL, Anderson DR. Ability of cirrus HD-OCT optic nerve head parameters to discriminate normal from glaucomatous eyes. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(2):241–248. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.06.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foo -L-L, Perera SA, Cheung CY, et al. Comparison of scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and high-definition optical coherence tomography measurements of optic disc parameters. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(4):576–580. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300835
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muqit MMK, Marcellino GR, Henson DB, Fenerty CH, Stanga PE. Randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effects of pascal panretinal photocoagulation on macular nerve fiber layer. Retina. 2011;31(8):1699–1707. doi:10.1097/IAE.0b013e318207d188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meditec CZ. Stratus OCT User’s Manual. Dublin (CA): Carl Zeiss Meditec; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Vizzeri G, Balasubramanian M, Bowd C, Weinreb RN, Medeiros FA, Zangwill LM. Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography to detect localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects in glaucomatous eyes. Opt Express. 2009;17(5):4004. doi:10.1364/OE.17.004004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kummet CM, Zamba KD, Doyle CK, Johnson CA, Wall M. Refinement of pointwise linear regression criteria for determining glaucoma progression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(9):6234. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11680
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alencar LM, Bowd C, Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM, Sample PA, Medeiros FA. Comparison of HRT-3 glaucoma probability score and subjective stereophotograph assessment for prediction of progression in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(5):1898. doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0624
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessel MM, Aaker GD, Parlitsis G, Cho M, Dʼamico DJ, Kiss S. Ultra–wide-field angiography improves the detection and classification of diabetic retinopathy. Retina. 2012;32(4):785–791. doi:10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182278b64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson L, Vazquez-Alfageme C, Ramu J, et al. Validation of concentric rings method as a topographic measure of retinal nonperfusion in ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;160(6):1217–1225. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2015.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blodi BA, Domalpally A, Scott IU, et al. Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) Study system for evaluation of stereoscopic color fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms: SCORE Study Report 9. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010;128(9):1140–1145. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.193
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nguyen QD, Shah SM, Heier JS, et al. Primary end point (six months) results of the ranibizumab for edema of the macula in diabetes (READ-2) study. Ophthalmology. 2009;116(11):2175–2181.e1. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.04.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen QD, Shah SM, Khwaja AA, et al. Two-year outcomes of the ranibizumab for edema of the macula in diabetes (READ-2) study. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(11):2146–2151. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.08.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Do DV, Nguyen QD, Khwaja AA, et al. Ranibizumab for edema of the macula in diabetes study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131(2):139–145. doi:10.1001/2013.jamaophthalmol.91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Do DV, Sepah YJ, Boyer D, et al. Month-6 primary outcomes of the READ-3 study (Ranibizumab for Edema of the mAcula in Diabetes—Protocol 3 with high dose). Eye (Lond). 2015;29(12):1538–1544. doi:10.1038/eye.2015.142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massin P, Bandello F, Garweg JG, et al. Safety and efficacy of ranibizumab in diabetic macular edema (RESOLVE Study): a 12-month, randomized, controlled, double-masked, multicenter phase II study. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(11):2399–2405. doi:10.2337/dc10-0493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell P, Bandello F, Schmidt-Erfurth U, et al. The RESTORE study: ranibizumab monotherapy or combined with laser versus laser monotherapy for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(4):615–625. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.01.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishibashi T, Li X, Koh A, et al. The REVEAL Study: ranibizumab monotherapy or combined with laser versus laser monotherapy in Asian patients with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(7):1402–1415. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DM, Nguyen QD, Marcus DM, et al. Long-term outcomes of ranibizumab therapy for diabetic macular edema: the 36-month results from two Phase III trials. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(10):2013–2022. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.02.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campochiaro PA, Wykoff CC, Shapiro H, Rubio RG, Ehrlich JS. Neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor slows progression of retinal nonperfusion in patients with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(9):1783–1789. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.03.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin A, Rusu I, Orlin A, et al. Retinal reperfusion in diabetic retinopathy following treatment with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections. Clin Ophthalmol. 2017;11:193–200. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S118807
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim MC. Effect of diabetic retinopathy and panretinal photocoagulation on retinal nerve fiber layer and optic nerve appearance. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(7):857–862. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.135
   Google Scholar
• Chauhan BC, Burgoyne CF. From clinical examination of the optic disc to clinical assessment of the optic nerve head: a paradigm change. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;156(2):218–227. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2013.04.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hariprasad S, Nariani A, Williams B. Long-term effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections on intraocular pressure. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2016;64(9):643. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.194329
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baek SU, Park IW, Suh W. Long-term intraocular pressure changes after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2016;35(4):310–314. doi:10.3109/15569527.2015.1124886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar