Topographic changes simulating keratoconus in patients with irregular inferior epithelial thickening documented by anterior segment optical coherence tomography

References

• Shajari M, Jaffary I, Herrmann K, et al. Early tomographic changes in the eyes of patients with keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2018;34(4):254–259. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20180124-01
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hick S, Laliberte J-F, Meunier J, Chagnon M, Brunette I. Effects of misalignment during corneal topography. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33(9):1522–1529. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.05.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang G, Holbach L, Schlotzer U. Pseudokeratoconus associated with Downs-Syndrome and posterior polymorphous corneal-dystrophy. Klin Monatsbl Augenh. 1989;195(2):95–99. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1046421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbe R, Foulks G. The effect of poor fixation on computer-assisted topographic corneal analysis - Pseudokeratoconus. Ophthalmology. 1994;101(10):1745–1748. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(94)31109-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dursun D, Piniella A, Pflugfelder S. Pseudokeratoconus caused by rosacea. Cornea. 2001;20(6):668–669. doi:10.1097/00003226-200108000-00024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng H-C, Lin -K-K, Chen Y-F, Hsiao C-H. Pseudokeratoconus in a patient with soft contact lens-induced keratopathy: assessment with Orbscan I. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30(4):925–928. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2003.08.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinstein DZ, Gobbe M, Archer TJ, Silverman RH, Coleman DJ. Epithelial, stromal, and total corneal thickness in keratoconus: three-dimensional display with artemis very-high frequency digital ultrasound. J Refract Surg. 2010;26(4):259–271. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20100218-01
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanellopoulos AJ, Asimellis G. OCT corneal epithelial topographic asymmetry as a sensitive diagnostic tool for early and advancing keratoconus. Clin Ophthalmol (Auckland NZ). 2014;8:2277–2287. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S67902
   Google Scholar
• Pircher N, Schwarzhans F, Holzer S, et al. Distinguishing keratoconic eyes and healthy eyes using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography-based corneal epithelium thickness mapping. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018;189:47–54. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2018.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinstein DZ, Archer TJ, Gobbe M. Corneal epithelial thickness profile in the diagnosis of keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2009;25(7):604–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins MJ, Buehren T, Trevor T, Statham M, Hansen J, Cavanagh DA. Factors influencing lid pressure on the cornea. Eye Contact Lens. 2006;32(4):168–173. doi:10.1097/01.icl.0000189193.28870.81
   Google Scholar
• De Paiva CS, Harris LD, Pflugfelder SC. Keratoconus-like topographic changes in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Cornea. 2003;22(1):22–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limpas Y, Schauer P, Vignal R, Wary P. [Oedema with acute pseudokeratoconus corneal aspect in a case of Kearns-Sayre syndrome]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2009;32(8):577.e1-5. doi:10.1016/j.jfo.2009.04.027
   Google Scholar
• Kanellopoulos AJ, Asimellis G. In vivo three-dimensional corneal epithelium imaging in normal eyes by anterior-segment optical coherence tomography: a clinical reference study. Cornea. 2013;32(11):1493–1498. doi:10.1097/ICO.0b013e3182a15cee
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Wang Y. Detailed distribution of corneal epithelial thickness and correlated characteristics measured with SD-OCT in myopic eyes. J Ophthalmol. 2017;2017:1018321. doi:10.1155/2017/1018321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashmani N, Hashmani S, Saad CM. Wide corneal epithelial mapping using an optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59(3):1652–1658. doi:10.1167/iovs.17-23717
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Tan O, Brass R, Weiss JL, Huang D. Corneal epithelial thickness mapping by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography in normal and keratoconic eyes. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(12):2425–2433. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.06.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Chamberlain W, Tan O, Brass R, Weiss JL, Huang D. Subclinical keratoconus detection by pattern analysis of corneal and epithelial thickness maps with optical coherence tomography. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(2):284–295. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.09.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha KM, Perez-Straziota CE, Perez-Straziota E, Stulting RD, Randleman JB. SD-OCT analysis of regional epithelial thickness profiles in keratoconus, postoperative corneal ectasia, and normal eyes. J Refract Surg. 2013;29(3):173–179. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20130129-08
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner H, Barr JT, Zadnik K. Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study: methods and findings to date. Contact Lens Anterior Eye. 2007;30(4):223–232. doi:10.1016/j.clae.2007.03.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cui X, Hong J, Wang F, et al. Assessment of corneal epithelial thickness in dry eye patients. Optom Vis Sci Off Publ Am Acad Optom. 2014;91(12):1446–1454. doi:10.1097/OPX.0000000000000417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francoz M, Karamoko I, Baudouin C, Labbé A. Ocular surface epithelial thickness evaluation with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(12):9116–9123. doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang M, Li Y, Chamberlain W, Louie DJ, Schallhorn JM, Huang D. Differentiating keratoconus and corneal warpage by analyzing focal change patterns in corneal topography, pachymetry, and epithelial thickness maps. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(9):OCT544–549. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu P, Cortes D, Li J, Chen M, Mannis M. Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy: a study with in vivo confocal microscopy and high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(15):564.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diez-Feijóo E, Durán JA. Optical coherence tomography findings in recurrent corneal erosion syndrome. Cornea. 2015;34(3):290–295. doi:10.1097/ICO.0000000000000334
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar