The Therapeutic Effect of Melatonin on GC by Inducing Cell Apoptosis and Autophagy Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

References

• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.2149230207593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camargo MC, Kim W-H, Chiaravalli AM, et al. Improved survival of gastric cancer with tumour Epstein-Barr virus positivity: an international pooled analysis. Gut. 2014;63(2):236–243. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-30453123580779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou P, Xia Y, Chen T, et al. Selective killing of gastric cancer cells by a small molecule targeting ROS-mediated ER stress activation. Mol Carcinog. 2016;55(6):1073–1086. doi:10.1002/mc.v55.626086416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter P, Ron D. The unfolded protein response: from stress pathway to homeostatic regulation. Science (New York, NY). 2011;334(6059):1081–1086. doi:10.1126/science.1209038
   Google Scholar
• Okada T, Yoshida H, Akazawa R, Negishi M, Mori K. Distinct roles of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) in transcription during the mammalian unfolded protein response. Biochem J. 2002;366(Pt 2):585–594. doi:10.1042/bj2002039112014989
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peng X, Tu Y, Fu S, et al. 14-Deoxycoleon U-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest in lung adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther. 2019;12:5955–5965. doi:10.2147/OTT.S21193331534345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pattingre S, Tassa A, Qu XP, et al. Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins inhibit Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. Cell. 2005;122(6):927–939. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.07.00216179260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Wang X, Sun J, Yang Y, Li W, Song J. Parthenolide suppresses pancreatic cell growth by autophagy-mediated apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:453–461. doi:10.2147/OTT28176967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Li J, Cao N, Li Z, Han J, Li L. Resveratrol, an activator of SIRT1, induces protective autophagy in non-small-cell lung cancer via inhibiting Akt/mTOR and activating p38-MAPK. Onco Targets Ther. 2018;11:7777–7786. doi:10.2147/OTT30464525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin S, Miao Z, Tan Y, et al. SPHK1-induced autophagy in peritoneal mesothelial cell enhances gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination. Cancer Med. 2019;8(4):1731–1743. doi:10.1002/cam4.2019.8.issue-430791228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acuna-Castroviejo D, Escames G, Venegas C, et al. Extrapineal melatonin: sources, regulation, and potential functions. Cel Mol Life Sci. 2014;71(16):2997–3025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworek J, Leja-Szpak A, Nawrot-Porabka K, et al. Effects of melatonin and its analogues on pancreatic inflammation, enzyme secretion, and tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:5. doi:10.3390/ijms18051014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Collin F, Jore D, Gardes-Albert M. Reaction mechanism of melatonin oxidation by reactive oxygen species in vitro. J Pineal Res. 2011;50(3):328–335. doi:10.1111/jpi.2011.50.issue-321244479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poeggeler B, Saarela S, Reiter RJ, et al. Melatonin–a highly potent endogenous radical scavenger and electron donor: new aspects of the oxidation chemistry of this indole accessed in vitro. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994;738:419–420. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb21831.x7832450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perdomo J, Cabrera J, Estevez F, Loro J, Reiter RJ, Quintana J. Melatonin induces apoptosis through a caspase-dependent but reactive oxygen species-independent mechanism in human leukemia Molt-3 cells. J Pineal Res. 2013;55(2):195–206. doi:10.1111/jpi.2013.55.issue-223725013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bejarano I, Redondo PC, Espino J, et al. Melatonin induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human myeloid HL-60 cells. J Pineal Res. 2009;46(4):392–400. doi:10.1111/jpi.2009.46.issue-419552762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin-Renedo J, Mauriz JL, Jorquera F, Ruiz-Andres O, Gonzalez P, Gonzalez-Gallego J. Melatonin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cell line. J Pineal Res. 2008;45(4):532–540. doi:10.1111/jpi.2008.45.issue-419012662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nooshinfar E, Safaroghli-Azar A, Bashash D, Akbari ME. Melatonin, an inhibitory agent in breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 2017;24(1):42–51. doi:10.1007/s12282-016-0690-727017208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Guo W, Chen W, et al. Melatonin potentiates the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of ursolic acid in colon cancer cells by modulating multiple signaling pathways. J Pineal Res. 2013;54(4):406–416. doi:10.1111/jpi.1203523330808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leon J, Casado J, Ruiz SMJ, et al. Melatonin reduces endothelin-1 expression and secretion in colon cancer cells through the inactivation of FoxO-1 and NF- KB. J Pineal Res. 2014;56(4):415–426. doi:10.1111/jpi.1213124628039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plaimee P, Weerapreeyakul N, Thumanu K, Tanthanuch W, Barusrux S. Melatonin induces apoptosis through biomolecular changes, in SK-LU-1 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Prolif. 2014;47(6):564–577. doi:10.1111/cpr.2014.47.issue-625345555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao CC, Chen PC, Chiou PC, et al. Melatonin suppresses lung cancer metastasis by inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition through targeting to Twist. Clin Sci. 2019;133(5):709–722. doi:10.1042/CS2018094530808718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song J, Ma SJ, Luo JH, et al. Melatonin induces the apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells via blockade of the AKT/MDM2 pathway. Oncol Rep. 2018;39(4):1975–1983. doi:10.3892/or.2018.628229484412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Wang B, Xie J, Hou D, Zhang H, Huang H. Melatonin inhibits epithelialtomesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells via attenuation of IL1beta/NFkappaB/MMP2/MMP9 signaling. Int J Mol Med. 2018;42(4):2221–2228. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2018.378830066836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ron D, Walter P. Signal integration in the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007;8(7):519–529. doi:10.1038/nrm219917565364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W, Chen L, Shen Y, Xu J. Rifampicin-induced injury in L02 cells is alleviated by 4-PBA via inhibition of the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway. Toxicol in vitro. 2016;36:186–196. doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2016.07.01727470132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei Y, Pattingre S, Sinha S, Bassik M, Levine B. JNK1-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 regulates starvation-induced autophagy. Mol Cell. 2008;30(6):678–688. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.06.00118570871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, et al. Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66(2):115–132. doi:10.3322/caac.2133826808342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xin Z, Jiang S, Jiang P, et al. Melatonin as a treatment for gastrointestinal cancer: a review. J Pineal Res. 2015;58(4):375–387. doi:10.1111/jpi.2015.58.issue-425752643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez A, Ordonez R, Reiter RJ, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Mauriz JL. Melatonin and endoplasmic reticulum stress: relation to autophagy and apoptosis. J Pineal Res. 2015;59(3):292–307. doi:10.1111/jpi.1226426201382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogata M, Hino S-I, Saito A, et al. Autophagy is activated for cell survival after endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cell Biol. 2006;26(24):9220–9231. doi:10.1128/MCB.01453-0617030611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen PP, Ma XY, Lin Q, et al. Kangfuxin promotes apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through activating ERstress and autophagy. Mol Med Rep. 2017;16(6):9043–9050. doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.771628990095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn WA Jr. Studies on the mechanisms of autophagy: formation of the autophagic vacuole. J Cell Biol. 1990;110(6):1923–1933. doi:10.1083/jcb.110.6.19232351689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YK, Jun YW, Choi HE, et al. Development of LC3/GABARAP sensors containing a LIR and a hydrophobic domain to monitor autophagy. EMBO J. 2017;36(8):1100–1116. doi:10.15252/embj.20169631528320742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furuya N, Yu J, Byfield M, Pattingre S, Levine B. The evolutionarily conserved domain of Beclin 1 is required for Vps34 binding, autophagy and tumor suppressor function. Autophagy. 2005;1(1):46–52. doi:10.4161/auto.1.1.154216874027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sano R, Reed JC. ER stress-induced cell death mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013;1833(12):3460–3470. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.02823850759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar