Alternative Treatment Options in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Who Encounter Fluoropyrimidine-Induced Cardiotoxicity

References

• Myers CE. The pharmacology of the fluoropyrimidines. Pharmacol Rev. 1981;33:1–15.6170079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saif MW, Shah MM, Shah AR. Fluoropyrimidine-associated cardiotoxicity: revisited. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2009;8(2):191–202. doi:10.1517/1474033090273396119309247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anand AJ. Fluorouracil cardiotoxicity. Ann Phanrmacother. 1994;28(3):374–378. doi:10.1177/106002809402800314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saif MW, Tomita M, Ledbetter L, Diasio RB. Capecitabine-related cardiotoxicity: recognition and management. J Support Oncol. 2008;6(1):41–48.18257400
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norwood RA, Lokich JJ, Moore C. The syndrome of 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity: an elusive cardiopathy. Cancer. 1993;72:2287–2288.8374889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiga T, Hiraide M. Cardiotoxicities of 5-Fluorouracil and other fluoropyrimidines. Curr Treat Options in Oncol. 2020;21(27). doi:10.1007/s11864-020-0719-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jensen SA, Sorensen JB. Risk factors and prevention of cardiotoxicity induced by 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006;58:487–493. doi:10.1007/s00280-005-0178-116418875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwakman JJ, Simkens LH, Mol L, Kok WE, Koopman M, Punt CJ. Incidence of capecitabine-related cardiotoxicity in different treatment schedules of metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective analysis of the CAIRO studies of the Dutch colorectal cancer group. Eur J Cancer. 2017;76:93–99. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2017.02.00928286287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cutsem E, Hoff PM, Blum JL, et al. Incidence of cardiotoxicity with the oral fluoropyrimidine capecitabine is typical of that reported with 5-fluorouracil. Ann Oncol. 2002;13:484–485. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdf10811996484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akpek G, Hartshorn KL. Failure of oral nitrate and calcium channel blocker therapy to prevent 5-fluorouracil-related myocardial ischemia: a case report. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1999;43(2):157–161. doi:10.1007/s0028000508779923822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oleksowicz L, Bruckner HW. Prophylaxis of 5-fluorouracil-induced coronary vasospasm with calcium channel blockers. Am J Med. 1988;85:750–751. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(88)80268-73189387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eskilsson J, Albertsson M. Failure of preventing 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity by prophylactic treatment with verapamil. Acta Oncol. 1990;29(8):1001–1003. doi:10.3109/028418690090917902278719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Han M, Saif MW. TAS-102 an Emerging Oral Fluoropyrimidine. Anticancer Res. 2016;36(1):21–26.26722024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez CA, Azimi-Nekoo E, Chung SY, Newman J, Shen J, Saif MW. Meta-analysis and systematic review of the cardiotoxicity of TAS-102. JCO. 2020;38:e16053e16053. doi:10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.e16053
   Google Scholar
• Mayer RJ, Van Cutsem E, Falcone A, et al. Randomized trial of TAS-102 for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(20):1909–1919. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa141432525970050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saif MW, Syrigos KN. Katirtzoglou NA. S-1: a promising new oral fluoropyrimidine derivative. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009;18(3):335–348. doi:10.1517/13543780902729412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saif MW, Rosen LS, Saito K, Zergebel C, Ravage-Mass L, Mendelson DS. A Phase I study evaluating the effect of CDHP as a component of S-1 on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil. Anticancer Res. 2011;31(2):625–632.21378348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franck C, Malfertheiner P, Venerito M. Safe administration of S-1 after 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity in a patient with colorectal cancer. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:bcr2016219162. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-219162
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamamoto J, Haruno A, Yoshimura Y, et al. Effect of coadministration of uracil on the toxicity of tegafur. J Pharm Sci. 1984;73:212–214. doi:10.1002/jps.26007302176423805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuchi K, Majima S, Murakami M. Clinical survey on cardiotoxicity of tegafur (FT-207) compilation of a nationwide survey. Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. 1982;9((8):):1482–1488.6820919
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Köhne CH, Thuss-Patience P, Friedrich M, et al. Raltitrexed (Tomudex): an alternative drug for patients with colorectal cancer and 5-fluorouracil associated cardiotoxicity. Br J Cancer. 1998;77(6):973–977. doi:10.1038/bjc.1998.1609528843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cutsem E, Cunningham D, Maroun J, Cervantes A, Glimelius B. Raltitrexed: current clinical status and future directions. Ann Oncol. 2002;13(4):513‐522. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdf054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ransom D, Wilson K, Fournier M, et al. Final results of australasian gastrointestinal trials group ARCTIC study: an audit of raltitrexed for patients with cardiac toxicity induced by fluoropyrimidines. Ann Oncol. 2014;25:117–121. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt47924299960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saif MW, Garcon MC, Rodriguez G, Rodriguez T. Bolus 5-fluorouracil as an alternative in patients with cardiotoxicity associated with infusion 5- fluorouracil and capecitabine: a case series. In vivo. 2013;27(4):531–534.23812226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaib W, Lee V, Saif MW. Bolus 5-fluorouracil as an alternative modality to infusion 5-fluorouracil in a patient with rectal cancer and capecitabine-induced cardiotoxicity. Vivo. 2009;23(5):821–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs CS, Moore MR, Harker G, et al. Phase III comparison of two irinotecan dosing regimens in second-line therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:807–814. doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.08.05812610178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham D, Humblet Y, Siena S, et al. Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:337–345. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa03302515269313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cutsem E, Joulain F, Hoff PM, et al. Aflibercept plus FOLFIRI vs. Placebo plus FOLFIRI in second-line metastatic colorectal cancer: a post hoc analysis of survival from the phase III Velour study subsequent to exclusion of patients who had recurrence during or within 6 months of completing adjuvant oxaliplatin-based therapy. Target Oncol. 2016;11(3):383‐400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becouarn Y, Rougier P. Clinical efficacy of oxaliplatin monotherapy: phase II trials in advanced colorectal cancer. Semin Oncol. 1998;25(2 Suppl 5):23‐31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grivicich I, Mans DR, Peters GJ, Schwartsmann G. Irinotecan and oxaliplatin: an overview of the novel chemotherapeutic options for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001;34(9):1087‐1103. doi:10.1590/S0100-879X2001000900001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haller DG, Rothenberg ML, Wong AO, et al. Oxaliplatin plus irinotecan compared with irinotecan alone as second-line treatment after single-agent fluoropyrimidine therapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(28):4544–4550. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.17.124918824706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonker DJ, O’Callaghan CJ, Karapetis CS, et al. Cetuximab for the treatment of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2040–2048. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa07183418003960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cutsem E, Peeters M, Siena S, et al. Open-label phase III trial of panitumumab plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone in patients with chemotherapy- refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1658–1664. doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.08.162017470858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grothey A, Van Cutsem E, Sobrero A, et al. Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CORRECT): an international, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9863):303–312. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61900-X23177514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le DT, Kim TW, Van Cutsem E, et al. Phase II open-label study of pembrolizumab in treatment-refractory, microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: KEYNOTE-164. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(1):11‐19. doi:10.1200/JCO.19.02107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrarotto R, Machado K, Mak MP, et al. A multicenter, multinational analysis of mitomycin C in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48:820–826. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2012.01.00822330318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saif MW, Kaley K, Brennan M, Garcon MC, Rodriguez G. Mitomycin-C and capecitabine (MIXE) as salvage treatment in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective study. Anticancer Res. 2013;33(6):2743–2746.23749935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrlich MI, Kaley K, Smith M, Saif WM. Safety and efficacy of s-MOX regimen in patients with colorectal cancer who developed cardiotoxicity following fluoropyrimidine administration: a case series. Arch Med Case Rep. 2020;2(1):23–29.32964213
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheithauer W, Kornek GV, Brugger S, et al. Randomized phase II study of irinotecan plus mitomycin C vs. oxaliplatin plus mitomycin C in patients with advanced fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer. Cancer Invest. 2002;20(1):60‐68. doi:10.1081/CNV-120000367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comella P, Biglietto M, Casaretti R, et al. Irinotecan and mitomycin C in 5-fluorouracil-refractory colorectal cancer patients. A phase I/II study of the Southern Italy cooperative oncology group. Oncology. 2001;60(2):127–133. doi:10.1159/00005530911244327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrelli F, Barni S, Bertocchi P, Zaniboni A. TAS-102, the first “cardio-gentle” fluoropyrimidine in the colorectal cancer landscape? BMC Cancer. 2016;16:386. doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2409-827377645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart T, Pavlakis N, Ward M, et al. Cardiotoxicity with 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine: more than just vasospastic angina. Intern Med J. 2010;40:303–307. doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.02144.x20529041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saif MW, Smith M, Maloney A. The first case of severe takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with 5-fluorouracil in a patient with abnormalities of both dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase (DPYD) and Thymidylate Synthase (TYMS) genes. Cureus. 2016;8(9):e783.27752409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cianci G, Morelli MF, Cannita K, et al. Prophylactic options in patients with 5-fluorouracil-associated cardiotoxicity. Br J Cancer. 2003;88(10):1507–1509. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.660096712771913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinhult S, Albertsson M, Eskilsson JCM, et al. Antithrombotic treatment in protection against thrombogenic effects of 5-fluorouracil on vascular endothelium: a scanning microscopy evaluation. Scanning. 2001;23:1–8. doi:10.1002/sca.495023010111272331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezkalla S, Kloner RA, Ensley J, et al. Continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring during fluorouracil therapy: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol. 1989;7:509–514. doi:10.1200/JCO.1989.7.4.5092466960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma WW, Saif MW, El-Rayes BF, et al. Emergency use of uridine triacetate for the prevention and treatment of life-threatening 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine toxicity. Cancer. 2017;123:345. doi:10.1002/cncr.3032127622829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar