Prognostic Implications of the Complement Protein C1Q and Its Correlation with Immune Infiltrates in Osteosarcoma

References

• International osteosarcoma incidence patterns in children and adolescents, middle ages and elderly persons - PubMed. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19330840/. Accessed February 25, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Steffner RJ, Jang ES. Staging of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2018;26:e269–e278. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-17-00055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The relationship between metastatic potential and in vitro mechanical properties of osteosarcoma cells | molecular biology of the cell. Available from: https://www.molbiolcell.org/doi/10.1091/mbc.E18-08-0545. Accessed February 25, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Anninga JK, Gelderblom H, Fiocco M, et al. Chemotherapeutic adjuvant treatment for osteosarcoma: where do we stand? Eur J Cancer. 2011;47:2431–2445. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2011.05.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smeland S, Bielack SS, Whelan J, et al. Survival and prognosis with osteosarcoma: outcomes in more than 2000 patients in the EURAMOS-1 (European and American Osteosarcoma Study) cohort. Eur J Cancer. 2019;109:36–50. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2018.11.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedekind MF, Wagner LM, Cripe TP. Immunotherapy for osteosarcoma: where do we go from here? Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018;65:e27227. doi:10.1002/pbc.27227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou J, Zhang H, Sun B, Karin M. The immunobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans and mice: basic concepts and therapeutic implications. J Hepatol. 2020;72:167–182. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casey SC, Amedei A, Aquilano K, et al. Cancer prevention and therapy through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol. 2015;35(Suppl):S199–S223.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steidl C, Lee T, Shah SP, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages and survival in classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:875–885. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0905680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regulatory T cells in cancer immunotherapy - pubMed. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27995907/. Accessed February 25, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou Z-J, Xin H-Y, Li J, et al. Intratumoral plasmacytoid dendritic cells as a poor prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma following curative resection. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2019;68:1223–1233. doi:10.1007/s00262-019-02355-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu Y. Construction of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on competitive endogenous RNA reveals the function of circRNAs in osteosarcoma. Cancer Cell Int. 2020;12.
   Google Scholar
• Wang J-Y, Wang J-Q, Lu S-B. miR-628-5p promotes growth and migration of osteosarcoma by targeting IFI44L. Biochem Cell Biol. 2020;98:99–105. doi:10.1139/bcb-2019-0001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang W, Wei L, Sheng W, et al. miR-1225-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma by targeting Sox9. DNA Cell Biol. 2020;39:78–91. doi:10.1089/dna.2019.5105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen B, Khodadoust MS, Liu CL, Newman AM, Alizadeh AA. Profiling tumor infiltrating immune cells with CIBERSORT. Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1711:243–259.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vidotto T, Nersesian S, Graham C, Siemens DR, Koti M. DNA damage repair gene mutations and their association with tumor immune regulatory gene expression in muscle invasive bladder cancer subtypes. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7:148. doi:10.1186/s40425-019-0619-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Chong W, Teng C, et al. The immune response-related mutational signatures and driver genes in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci. 2019;110:2348–2356. doi:10.1111/cas.14113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali HR, Chlon L, Pharoah PDP, Markowetz F, Caldas C, Ladanyi M. Patterns of immune infiltration in breast cancer and their clinical implications: a gene-expression-based retrospective study. PLoS Med. 2016;13:e1002194. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buddingh EP, Kuijjer ML, Duim RAJ, et al. Tumor-infiltrating macrophages are associated with metastasis suppression in high-grade osteosarcoma: a rationale for treatment with macrophage activating agents. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:2110–2119. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuijjer ML, van den Akker BE, Hilhorst R, et al. Kinome and mRNA expression profiling of high-grade osteosarcoma cell lines implies Akt signaling as possible target for therapy. BMC Med Genomics. 2014;7:4. doi:10.1186/1755-8794-7-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren L, Mendoza A, Zhu J, et al. Characterization of the metastatic phenotype of a panel of established osteosarcoma cells. Oncotarget. 2015;6:29469–29481. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.5177
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Langfelder P, Horvath S. WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysis. BMC Bioinform. 2008;9:559. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-9-559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Hu AX, Zhao JL, et al. Identification of Key Gene Modules for in Human Osteosarcoma by Co-expression Analysis weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). J Cell Biochem. 2017;118:3953–3959. doi:10.1002/jcb.26050.
   Google Scholar
• Chen H, Boutros PC. VennDiagram: a package for the generation of highly-customizable Venn and Euler diagrams in R. BMC Bioinform. 2011;12:35. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-12-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu G, Wang L-G, Han Y, He Q-Y. clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. OMICS. 2012;16:284–287. doi:10.1089/omi.2011.0118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter W, Sánchez-Cabo F, Ricote M. GOplot: an R package for visually combining expression data with functional analysis. Bioinformatics. 2015;31:2912–2914. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szklarczyk D, Gable AL, Lyon D, et al. STRING v11: protein-protein association networks with increased coverage, supporting functional discovery in genome-wide experimental datasets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47:D607–D613. doi:10.1093/nar/gky1131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman AM, Liu CL, Green MR, et al. Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles. Nat Methods. 2015;12:453–457. doi:10.1038/nmeth.3337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sim RB, Laich A. Serine proteases of the complement system. Biochem Soc Trans. 2000;28:545–550. doi:10.1042/bst0280545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur A, Sultan SHA, Murugaiah V, et al. Human C1q induces apoptosis in an ovarian cancer cell line via tumor necrosis factor pathway. Front Immunol. 2016;7:599. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agostinis C, Vidergar R, Belmonte B, et al. Complement protein C1q binds to hyaluronic acid in the malignant pleural mesothelioma microenvironment and promotes tumor growth. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1559. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son M, Diamond B, Santiago-Schwarz F. Fundamental role of C1q in autoimmunity and inflammation. Immunol Res. 2015;63:101–106. doi:10.1007/s12026-015-8705-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang R, Huang J, Ma H, et al. Is complement C1q a potential marker for tumor burden and immunodeficiency in multiple myeloma? Leuk Lymphoma. 2019;60:1812–1818. doi:10.1080/10428194.2018.1543883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong Q, Sze C-I, Lin S-R, et al. Complement C1q activates tumor suppressor WWOX to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. PLoS One. 2009;4:e5755. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandini S, Macagno M, Hysi A, et al. The non-inflammatory role of C1q during Her2/neu-driven mammary carcinogenesis. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1253653. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1253653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu D, Ruan X, Huang J, et al. Comprehensive analysis of competitive endogenous RNAs network, being associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its emerging role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol. 2019;9:1474. doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.01474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulla R, Tripodo C, Rami D, et al. C1q acts in the tumour microenvironment as a cancer-promoting factor independently of complement activation. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10346. doi:10.1038/ncomms10346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PTX3, anti-PTX3, and anti-C1q autoantibodies in lupus glomerulonephritis - PubMed. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25805362/. Accessed February 25, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Guo J, Gao Y, Wang Y, et al. Investigation of C1-complex regions reveals new C1Q variants associated with protection from systemic lupus erythematosus, and affect its transcript abundance. Sci Rep. 2018;8:8048. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26380-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jlajla H, Sellami MK, Sfar I, et al. New C1q mutation in a Tunisian family. Immunobiology. 2014;219:241–246. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2013.10.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walport MJ, Davies KA, Botto M. C1q and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunobiology. 1998;199:265–285. doi:10.1016/S0171-2985(98)80032-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stegert M, Bock M, Trendelenburg M. Clinical presentation of human C1q deficiency: how much of a lupus? Mol Immunol. 2015;67:3–11. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2015.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Schaarenburg RA, Schejbel L, Truedsson L, et al. Marked variability in clinical presentation and outcome of patients with C1q immunodeficiency. J Autoimmun. 2015;62:39–44. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2015.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim K-B, Yi J-S, Nguyen N, et al. Cell-surface receptor for complement component C1q (gC1qR) is a key regulator for lamellipodia formation and cancer metastasis. J Biol Chem. 2011;286:23093–23101. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.233304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu T, Fang X-C, Ding Z, et al. Pre-operative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio as a predictor of overall survival in patients suffering from osteosarcoma. FEBS Open Bio. 2015;5:682–687. doi:10.1016/j.fob.2015.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inagaki Y, Hookway E, Williams KA, et al. Dendritic and mast cell involvement in the inflammatory response to primary malignant bone tumours. Clin Sarcoma Res. 2016;6:13. doi:10.1186/s13569-016-0053-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar