A Remarkable and Durable Response to Sintilimab and Anlotinib in the First-Line Treatment of an Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma without Targetable Genomic Alterations: A Case Report

References

• Molinaro E, Romei C, Biagini A, et al. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: from clinicopathology to genetics and advanced therapies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017;13(11):644–660. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2017.76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez JM, Piñero A, Ortiz S, et al. Clinical and histological differences in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Surg. 2000;166(1):34–38. doi:10.1080/110241500750009672
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rühli FJ, Hilfiker PR. Metastasis of thyroid cancer to the heart. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177(2):474. doi:10.2214/ajr.177.2.1770474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser SM, Mandish SF, Gill BS, Balasubramani GK, Clump DA, Beriwal S. Anaplastic thyroid cancer: prognostic factors, patterns of care, and overall survival. Head Neck. 2016;38(Suppl 1):E2083–2090. doi:10.1002/hed.24384
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pozdeyev N, Rose MM, Bowles DW, Schweppe RE. Molecular therapeutics for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Semin Cancer Biol. 2020;61:S1044579X20300067. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastman JJ, Serracino HS, Zhu Y, et al. Tumor-infiltrating T cells and the PD-1 checkpoint pathway in advanced differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(7):2863–2873. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-4227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukumura D, Kloepper J, Amoozgar Z, Duda DG, Jain RK. Enhancing cancer immunotherapy using antiangiogenics: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018;15(5):325–340. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2018.29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruan X, Shi X, Dong Q, et al. Antitumor effects of anlotinib in thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019;26(1):153–164. doi:10.1530/ERC-17-0558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kebebew E, Greenspan FS, Clark OH, Woeber KA, McMillan A. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Treatment outcome and prognostic factors. Cancer. 2005;103(7):1330–1335. doi:10.1002/cncr.20936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swift PS, Larson S, Clark OH, Ruan D. 34 - cancer of the thyroid. In: Hoppe RT, Phillips TL, Roach M, editors. Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology (Third Edition). 3rd ed. W.B. Saunders; 2010:726–736. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-5897-7.00035-4
   Google Scholar
• Calò PG, Medas F, Conzo G, et al. Intraoperative neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery: is the two-staged thyroidectomy justified? Int J Surg. 2017;41 Suppl 1:S13–S20. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Docimo G, Tolone S, Ruggiero R, et al. Total thyroidectomy without prophylactic central neck dissection combined with routine oral calcium and vitamin D supplements: is it a good option to achieve a low recurrence rate avoiding hypocalcemia? A retrospective study. Minerva Chir. 2013;68(3):321–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conzo G, Docimo G, Mauriello C, et al. The current status of lymph node dissection in the treatment of papillary thyroid cancer. A literature review. Clin Ter. 2013;164(4):e343–346. doi:10.7417/CT.2013.1599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subbiah V, Kreitman RJ, Wainberg ZA, et al. Dabrafenib and trametinib treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic BRAF V600-mutant anaplastic thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(1):7–13. doi:10.1200/JCO.2017.73.6785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cocco E, Scaltriti M, Drilon A. NTRK fusion-positive cancers and TRK inhibitor therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018;15(12):731–747. doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0113-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Offin M, Guo R, Wu SL, et al. Immunophenotype and response to immunotherapy of RET-rearranged lung cancers. JCO Precis Oncol. 2019;3. doi:10.1200/PO.18.00386
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leroy L, Bonhomme B, Le Moulec S, Soubeyran I, Italiano A, Godbert Y. Remarkable response to ceritinib and brigatinib in an anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged anaplastic thyroid carcinoma previously treated with crizotinib. Thyroid. 2020;30(2):343–344. doi:10.1089/thy.2019.0202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahara M, Kiyota N, Yamazaki T, et al. Lenvatinib for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Front Oncol. 2017;7:25. doi:10.3389/fonc.2017.00025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Niu W, Du F, et al. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor properties of anlotinib, an oral multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. J Hematol Oncol. 2016;9(1):105. doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0332-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Du F, Gao M, et al. Anlotinib for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2018;28(11):1455–1461. doi:10.1089/thy.2018.0022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aghajani M, Graham S, McCafferty C, et al. Clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in patients with non-medullary thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid. 2018;28(3):349–361. doi:10.1089/thy.2017.0441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollipara R, Schneider B, Radovich M, Babu S, Kiel PJ. Exceptional response with immunotherapy in a patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oncologist. 2017;22(10):1149–1151. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyer PC, Dadu R, Gule-Monroe M, et al. Salvage pembrolizumab added to kinase inhibitor therapy for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2018;6(1):68. doi:10.1186/s40425-018-0378-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Couselo E, Adelantado EZ, Ortiz C, García JS, Perez-Garcia J. NRAS-mutant melanoma: current challenges and future prospect. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:3941–3947. doi:10.2147/OTT.S117121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoy SM. Sintilimab: first global approval. Drugs. 2019;79(3):341–346. doi:10.1007/s40265-019-1066-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen DS, Hurwitz H. Combinations of bevacizumab with cancer immunotherapy. Cancer J. 2018;24(4):193–204. doi:10.1097/PPO.0000000000000327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato Y, Tabata K, Kimura T, et al. Lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibody combination treatment activates CD8+ T cells through reduction of tumor-associated macrophage and activation of the interferon pathway. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0212513. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar