The Regulatory Role of PRRX1 in Cancer Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

References

• Graba Y, Aragnol D, Pradel J. Drosophila Hox complex downstream targets and the function of homeotic genes. BioEssays. 1997;19:379–388. doi:10.1002/bies.950190505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Bellido A. Genetic control of wing disc development in Drosophila. Ciba Foundation symposium; 1975:161–182.
   Google Scholar
• Dettman RW, Steinhorn RH. Connecting the cells - vascular differentiation via homeobox genes and extracellular matrix in the distal lung. CircRes. 2004;94:1406–1407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichert M, Takano S, von Burstin J, et al. The Prrx1 homeodomain transcription factor plays a central role in pancreatic regeneration and carcinogenesis. Genes Dev. 2013;27:288–300. doi:10.1101/gad.204453.112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang YP, Tang YL, Wang SS, et al. PRRX1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma activates the metabolic reprogramming of free fatty acids to promote invasion and metastasis. Cell Prolif. 2020;53:e12705. doi:10.1111/cpr.12705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funada K, Yoshizaki K, Kanako M, et al. microRNA-875-5p plays critical role for mesenchymal condensation in epithelial-mes enchymal interaction during tooth development. Sci Rep. 2020;10:4918. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61693-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grueneberg DA, Henry RW, Brauer A, et al. A multifunctional DNA-binding protein that promotes the formation of serum response factor/homeodomain complexes: identity to TFII-I. Genes Dev. 1997;11:2482–2493. doi:10.1101/gad.11.19.2482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ocaña OH, Córcoles R, Fabra A, et al. Metastatic colonization requires the repression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer Prrx1. Cancer Cell. 2012;22(6):709–724. PMID: 23201163. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalluri R, Weinberg RA. The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Clin Invest. 2009;119:1420–1428. doi:10.1172/JCI39104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Carlo A, Mariano A, Terracciano D, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and −9 in the urine of prostate cancer patients. Oncol Rep. 2010;24:3–8. doi:10.3892/or_00000821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lv ZD, Yang ZC, Liu XP, et al. Silencing of Prrx1b suppresses cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med. 2016;20:1640–1650. doi:10.1111/jcmm.12856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo JB, Fu ZX, Wei JL, Lu WD, Feng JH, Zhang SR. PRRX1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in gastric cancer. Med Oncol. 2015;32:12. doi:10.1007/s12032-014-0393-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiyama M, Hasegawa H, Ito S, et al. Paired related homeobox 1 is associated with the invasive properties of glioblastoma cells. Oncol Rep. 2015;33:1123–1130. doi:10.3892/or.2014.3681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aponte PM, Caicedo A. Stemness in cancer: stem cells, cancer stem cells, and their microenvironment. Stem Cells Int. 2017;5619472:2017.
   Google Scholar
• Mani SA, Guo W, Liao MJ, et al. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells. Cell. 2008;133:704–715. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.03.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi Y, Sawada G, Kurashige J, et al. Paired related homoeobox 1, a new EMT inducer, is involved in metastasis and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2013;109:307–311. doi:10.1038/bjc.2013.339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Zheng L, Huang J, et al. MiR-124 radiosensitizes human colorectal cancer cells by targeting PRRX1. PLoS One. 2014;9:e93917. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093917
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Němcová-Fürstová V, Kopperová D, Balušíková K, et al. Characterization of acquired paclitaxel resistance of breast cancer cells and involvement of ABC transporters. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2016;310:215–228. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi L, Tang XL, Qian MX, et al. A SIRT1-centered circuitry regulates breast cancer stemness and metastasis. Oncogene. 2018;37:6299–6315. doi:10.1038/s41388-018-0370-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang B, Chen QT, Cao Y, et al. LGR5 is a gastric cancer stem cell marker associated with stemness and the EMT signature genes NANOG, NANOGP8, PRRX1, TWIST1, and BMI1. PLoS One. 2016;11:21. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168904
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo Y, Kokkonen GC, Wang X, Neve KA, Roth GS. D2 dopamine receptors stimulate mitogenesis through pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins and Ras-involved ERK and SAP/JNK pathways in rat C6-D2L glioma cells. J Neurochem. 1998;71:980–990. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71030980.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Wang W, Wang FY, et al. Paired related homeobox 1 transactivates dopamine D2 receptor to maintain propagation and tumorigenicity of glioma-initiating cells. J Mol Cell Biol. 2017;9:302–314. doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjx017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan M, Shen J, Liu H, et al. Downregulation of PRRX1 via the p53-dependent signaling pathway predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2017;38:1083–1090. doi:10.3892/or.2017.5785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takano S, Reichert M, Bakir B, et al. Prrx1 isoform switching regulates pancreatic cancer invasion and metastatic colonization. Genes Dev. 2016;30:233–247. doi:10.1101/gad.263327.115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng L, Zhang YQ, Lin SM, et al. Down-regualtion of miR-106b induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition but suppresses metastatic colonization by targeting Prrx1 in colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8:10534–U14336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang J, Zheng M, Zhang M, et al. PRRX1 regulates cellular phenotype plasticity and dormancy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through miR-642b-3p. Neoplasia (New York, NY). 2019;21:216–229. doi:10.1016/j.neo.2018.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun L, Zhang X, Liu X, et al. PRRX1 isoform PRRX1A regulates the stemness phenotype and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2020;9(3):731–744. doi:10.21037/tlcr-20-633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, Wu J, Shi W, et al. PRRX1 deficiency induces mesenchymal-epithelial transition through PITX2/miR-200-dependent SLUG/CTNNB1 regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci. 2021;112(6):2158–2172. doi:10.1111/cas.14853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardin H, Guo ZY, Shan WH, et al. The roles of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker PRRX1 and miR-146b-5p in papillary thyroid carcinoma progression. Am J Pathol. 2014;184:2342–2354. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, Ren XH, Wu JS, et al. HSP27 associates with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness and radioresistance of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med. 2018;22:2283–2298. doi:10.1111/jcmm.13510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazilaty H, Rago L, Kass Youssef K, et al. A gene regulatory network to control EMT programs in development and disease. Nat Commun. 2019;10:5115. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13091-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin SM, Xia Q, Zhang YQ, et al. [miR-124 regulates radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by targeting PRRX1]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2016;36:1110–1116. (Chinese).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lv ZD, Kong B, Liu XP, et al. miR-655 suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting Prrx1 in triple-negative breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med. 2016;20:864–873. doi:10.1111/jcmm.12770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu X, Bao H. Tumor suppressive microRNA-485-5p targets PRRX1 in human skin melanoma cells, regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis. Cell Biol Int. 2021;45(7):1404–1414. doi:10.1002/cbin.11575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchand B, Pitarresi JR, Reichert M, Suzuki K, Laczkó D, Rustgi AK. PRRX1 isoforms cooperate with FOXM1 to regulate the DNA damage response in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogene. 2019;38:4325–4339. doi:10.1038/s41388-019-0725-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldmann K, Maurer C, Peschke K, et al. Mesenchymal plasticity regulated by Prrx1 drives aggressive pancreatic cancer biology. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(1):346–361.e24. PMID: 33007300. doi:10.1053/j.gas-tro.2020.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu HB, Sun GY. Loss of PRRX1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like properties in A549 cells. Am J Transl Res. 2017;9:1641–1650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu HB, Sun GY, Dong JH, Fei LM. The role of PRRX1 in the apoptosis of A549 cells induced by cisplatin. Am J Transl Res. 2017;9:396–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang Y, Lu Y, Chen Y, et al. Pre-metastatic niche triggers SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and promotes organ colonisation by hepatocellular circulating tumour cells via downregulation of Prrx1. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019;38:473. doi:10.1186/s13046-019-1475-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar