65
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW

Real-World Effectiveness of First Line Lenvatinib Therapy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Insights

& ORCID Icon
Pages 79-87 | Received 30 Jan 2024, Accepted 20 May 2024, Published online: 09 Jun 2024

References

  • Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023;73(1):17–48. doi:10.3322/caac.21763
  • Rumgay H, Arnold M, Ferlay J, et al. Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040. J Hepatol. 2022;77(6):1598–1606. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.021
  • Massarweh NN, El-Serag HB. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Control. 2017;24(3):1073274817729245. doi:10.1177/1073274817729245
  • Reig M, Forner A, Rimola J, et al. BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: the 2022 update. J Hepatol. 2022;76(3):681–693. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.018
  • Gomaa A, Waked I. Management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: review of current and potential therapies. Hepatoma Res. 2017;3(6):112. doi:10.20517/2394-5079.2017.03
  • Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, et al. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(4):378–390. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0708857
  • Kudo M, Finn RS, Qin S, et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10126):1163–1173. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30207-1
  • National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN guidelines: hepatocellular carcinoma [Internet]. Plymouth Meeting (US): NCCN; [cited 2023 May 1,]. Available from.: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/hcc.pdf.
  • Gordan JD, Kennedy EB, Abou-Alfa GK, et al. Systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: ASCO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:4317–4345. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.02672
  • Vogel A, Martinelli E; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Updated treatment recommendations for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from the ESMO clinical practice guidelines. Ann Oncol. 2021;32:801–805.
  • Bruix J, Chan SL, Galle PR, Rimassa L, Sangro B. Systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: an EASL position paper. J Hepatol. 2021;75(960):960–974. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.07.004
  • Korean Liver Cancer Association (KLCA),. National Cancer Center (NCC) Korea. 2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2022;28:583–705.
  • Boss DS, Glen H, Beijnen JH, et al. A phase I study of E7080, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer. 2012;106(10):1598–1604. doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.154
  • Hong DS, Kurzrock R, Wheler JJ, et al. Phase I dose-escalation study of the multikinase inhibitor lenvatinib in patients with advanced solid tumors and in an expanded cohort of patients with melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015.;21(21):4801–4810. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-3063
  • Ikeda M, Okusaka T, Mitsunaga S, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016.;22(6):1385–1394. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1354
  • Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(20):1894–1905. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1915745
  • Abou-Alfa GK, Lau G, Kudo M, et al. Tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. NEJM Evid. 2022;1(8). doi:10.1056/EVIDoa2100070
  • Rimassa L, Wörns MA. Navigating the new landscape of second-line treatment in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2020;40(8):1800–1811. doi:10.1111/liv.14533
  • Foerster F, Hoppe-Lotichius M, Vollmar J, et al. Long-term observation of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation at a European transplantation centre. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019;7(6):838–849. doi:10.1177/2050640619840221
  • Abdel-Wahab N, Safa H, Abudayyeh A, et al. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer in solid organ transplantation recipients: an institutional experience and a systematic review of the literature. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7(1):106. doi:10.1186/s40425-019-0585-1
  • Bang K, Casadei-Gardini A, Yoo C, et al. Efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Cancer Med. 2023;12(3):2572–2579. doi:10.1002/cam4.5123
  • Abou-Alfa GK, Afihene M, Capanu M, et al. Africa guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma buildup process. JCO Glob Oncol. 2023;9(9):e2300159. doi:10.1200/GO.23.00159
  • Ueshima K, Nishida N, Hagiwara S, et al. Impact of baseline ALBI grade on the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with lenvatinib: a multicenter study. Cancers. 2019;11(7):952. doi:10.3390/cancers11070952
  • Welland S, Leyh C, Finkelmeier F, et al. Real-world data for lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma (ELEVATOR): a retrospective multicenter study. Liver Cancer. 2022;11(3):219–232. doi:10.1159/000521746
  • Pfister D, Núñez NG, Pinyol R, et al. NASH limits anti-tumour surveillance in immunotherapy-treated HCC. Nature. 2021;592(7854):450–456. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03362-0
  • Pinter M, Pinato DJ, Ramadori P, Heikenwalder M. NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma: immunology and immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2023;29(3):513–520. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-1258
  • Haber PK, Puigvehí M, Castet F, et al. Evidence-based management of hepatocellular carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2002-2020). Gastroenterology. 2021;161(3):879–898. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.008
  • Tomonari T, Sato Y, Tanaka H, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of lenvatinib in nonviral unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. JGH Open. 2021;5(11):1275–1283. doi:10.1002/jgh3.12663
  • Singal AG, Nagar SP, Hitchens A, Davis KL, Iyer S. Real-world effectiveness of lenvatinib monotherapy among unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the USA. Future Oncol. 2021;17(21):2759–2768. doi:10.2217/fon-2021-0242
  • Ogushi K, Chuma M, Uojima H, et al. Safety and efficacy of lenvatinib treatment in child-pugh a and b patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in clinical practice: a multicenter analysis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2020;13:385–396. doi:10.2147/CEG.S256691
  • Huynh J, Cho MT, Kim EJ, Ren M, Ramji Z, Vogel A. Lenvatinib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed to child-pugh B liver function. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2022; 14:17588359221116608. doi:10.1177/17588359221116608
  • Kobayashi K, Ogasawara S, Maruta S, et al. A prospective study exploring the safety and efficacy of lenvatinib for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and high tumor burden: the LAUNCH study. Clin Cancer Res. 2023;29(23):4760–4769. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-1462
  • Chan SL, Ryoo B, Mo F, et al. A phase II clinical trial to study the efficacy of cabozantinib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitor-based treatment. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(9):S1454–84. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.099
  • Cheon J, Ryoo B-Y, Kang B, et al. Phase II trial of second-line regorafenib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after progression on first line atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: REGONEXT trial. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(4):TPS634–TPS634. doi:10.1200/JCO.2023.41.4_suppl.TPS634
  • Persano M, Rimini M, Tada T, et al. Sequential therapies after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or lenvatinib first-line treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Eur J Cancer. 2023;189:112933. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2023.05.021
  • Qin HN, Ning Z, Sun R, et al. Lenvatinib as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1003426. doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1003426
  • Palmer ME, Gile JJ, Storandt MH, et al. Outcomes of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma receiving lenvatinib following immunotherapy: a real world evidence study. Cancers. 2023;15(19):4867. doi:10.3390/cancers15194867
  • Zhang L, Wang Y, Ge N, et al. The dose-optimisation of lenvatinb for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in clinical practice: a retrospective analysis of real-world evidence in China. J clin oncol. 2021;39(3_suppl):280. doi:10.1200/JCO.2021.39.3_suppl.280
  • Chan LL, FKF M, Law ALY, et al. Impact of dose adjustment on clinical outcomes of Lenvatinib-treated patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Poster presented at: 16th Annual International Liver Cancer Association Conference; September 1-4, 2022.; Madrid, Spain. Accessed September 7, 2022.
  • Iwamoto H, Suzuki H, Shimose S, et al. Weekends-off lenvatinib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma improves therapeutic response and tolerability toward adverse events. Cancers. 2020;12(4):1010. doi:10.3390/cancers12041010
  • Kato Y, Tabata K, Kimura T, et al. Lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibody combination treatment activates CD8+ T cells through reduction of tumor-associated macrophage and activation of the interferon pathway. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0212513. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212513
  • Solinas G, Germano G, Mantovani A, Allavena P. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) as major players of the cancer-related inflammation. J Leukoc Biol. 2009;86(5):1065–1073. doi:10.1189/jlb.0609385
  • Taylor MH, Schmidt EV, Dutcus C, et al. The LEAP program: lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab for the treatment of advanced solid tumors. Future Oncol. 2021;17(6):637–648. doi:10.2217/fon-2020-0937
  • Makker V, Colombo N, Casado Herráez A, et al. Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab for advanced endometrial cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(5):437–448. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2108330
  • Llovet JM, Kudo M, Merle P, et al. Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus lenvatinib plus placebo for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (LEAP-002): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24(12):1399–1410. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00469-2
  • Shim JH, Park JW, Kim JH, et al. Association between increment of serum VEGF level and prognosis after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Cancer Sci. 2008;99(10):2037–2044. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00909.x
  • Peng Z, Fan W, Zhu B, et al. Lenvatinib combined with transarterial chemoembolization as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III, randomized clinical trial (LAUNCH). J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(1):117–127. doi:10.1200/JCO.22.00392
  • Saeki I, Yamasaki T, Yamashita S, et al. Early predictors of objective response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing lenvatinib treatment. Cancers. 2020;12(4):779. doi:10.3390/cancers12040779
  • Bo Z, Chen B, Zhao Z, et al. Prediction of response to lenvatinib monotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma by machine learning radiomics: a multicenter cohort study. Clin Cancer Res. 2023;29(9):1730–1740. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-2784
  • Odegaard JI, Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Eagle AR, et al. M2 activation and obesity. Cell. 2009;7:496–507. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.04.003
  • Hirsova P, Ibrahim SH, Krishnan A, et al. Lipid-induced signaling causes release of inflammatory extracellular vesicles from hepatocytes. Gastroenterology. 2016;150:956–967.