Prevalence and Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation in Institutionalized Patients with Schizophrenia

References

• Fischer BA, Buchanan RW. Schizophrenia in Adults: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis: Waltham, MA 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Hjorthøj C, Stürup AE, McGrath JJ, Nordentoft M. Years of potential life lost and life expectancy in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017;4(4):295–301. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30078-028237639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawley CJ, James DV, Birkett PL, Baldwin DS, De Ruiter MJ, Priest RG. Suicidal ideation as a presenting complaint: associated diagnoses and characteristics in a casualty population. Br J Psychiatry. 1991;159(2):232–238. doi:10.1192/bjp.159.2.2321773239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman CL, Mullin K, Ryan CJ. Meta‐analysis of the association between suicidal ideation and later suicide among patients with either a schizophrenia spectrum psychosis or a mood disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2015;131(3):162–173.25358861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fialko L, Freeman D, Bebbington PE, et al. Understanding suicidal ideation in psychosis: findings from the Psychological Prevention of Relapse in Psychosis (PRP) trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006;114(3):177–186. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00849.x16889588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawton K, Sutton L, Haw C, Sinclair J, Deeks JJ. Schizophrenia and suicide: systematic review of risk factors. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;187(1):9–20. doi:10.1192/bjp.187.1.915994566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy RM, Yang F, Kapczinski F, Passos IC. Risk factors for suicidality in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of 96 studies. Schizophr Bull. 2018;44(4):787–797. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx13129036388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hor K, Taylor M. Review: suicide and schizophrenia: a systematic review of rates and risk factors. J Psychopharmacol. 2010;24(4_suppl):81–90. doi:10.1177/135978681038549020923923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhlhaas PJ, Mishara AL. Perceptual anomalies in schizophrenia: integrating phenomenology and cognitive neuroscience. Schizophr Bull. 2006;33(1):142–156. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl04717118973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lecrubier Y, Perry R, Milligan G, Leeuwenkamp O, Morlock R. Physician observations and perceptions of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a multinational, cross-sectional survey. Eur Psychiatry. 2007;22(6):371–379. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.03.00317521890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinn AK, Pfaff D, Young S, Lewandowski KE, Cohen BM, Öngür D. Auditory hallucinations in a cross-diagnostic sample of psychotic disorder patients: a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Compr Psychiatry. 2012;53(6):718–726. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.11.00322197213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas P, Mathur P, Gottesman II, Nagpal R, Nimgaonkar VL, Deshpande SN. Correlates of hallucinations in schizophrenia: A cross‐cultural evaluation. Schizophr Res. 2007;92(1–3):41–49.17350224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siris SG. Suicide and schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol. 2001;15(2):127–135. doi:10.1177/02698811010150020911448086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beavan V, Read J. Hearing voices and listening to what they say: the importance of voice content in understanding and working with distressing voices. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2010;198(3):201–205. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181d1461220215997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daalman K, Boks MP, Diederen KM, et al. The same or different? A phenomenological comparison of auditory verbal hallucinations in healthy and psychotic individuals. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(3):320–325. doi:10.4088/JCP.09m05797yel21450152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harkavy-Friedman JM, Kimhy D, Nelson EA, Venarde DF, Malaspina D, Mann JJ. Suicide attempts in schizophrenia: the role of command auditory hallucinations for suicide. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(8):871–874. doi:10.4088/JCP.v64n080312927000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen J, Munk-Jørgensen P, Skadhede S, Correll CU. Determinants of poor dental care in patients with schizophrenia: a historical, prospective database study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(2):140–143. doi:10.4088/JCP.09m05318yel20584518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong HC, Ibrahim N, Wahab S. Psychological distress, perceived stigma, and coping among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2016;9:211. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S11212927574475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green MF, Kern RS, Braff DL, Mintz J. Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: are we measuring the “right stuff”? Schizophr Bull. 2000;26(1):119–136. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a03343010755673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trieman N, Leff J. Long-term outcome of long-stay psychiatric in-patients considered unsuitable to live in the community: TAPS Project 44. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;181(5):428–432. doi:10.1192/bjp.181.5.42812411270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompili M, Amador XF, Girardi P, et al. Suicide risk in schizophrenia: learning from the past to change the future. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2007;6(1):10.17367524
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roy A, Draper R. Suicide among psychiatric hospital in-patients. Psychol Med. 1995;25(1):199–202. doi:10.1017/S00332917000282337792356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah A, Ganesvaran T. Suicide among psychiatric in-patients with schizophrenia in an Australian mental hospital. Med Sci Law. 1999;39(3):251–259. doi:10.1177/00258024990390031110466321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabilondo A, Alonso-Moran E, Nuño-Solinis R, Orueta JF, Iruin A. Comorbidities with chronic physical conditions and gender profiles of illness in schizophrenia. Results from PREST, a new health dataset. J Psychosom Res. 2017;93:102–109. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.12.01128107885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor TL, Killaspy H, Wright C, et al. A systematic review of the international published literature relating to quality of institutional care for people with longer term mental health problems. BMC Psychiatry. 2009;9(1):55.19735562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontaxakis V, Havaki-Kontaxaki B, Margariti M, Stamouli S, Kollias C, Christodoulou G. Suicidal ideation in inpatients with acute schizophrenia. Canadian J Psychiatry. 2004;49(7):476–479. doi:10.1177/070674370404900709
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nihtilä EK, Martikainen PT, Koskinen SVP, Reunanen AR, Noro AM, Häkkinen UT. Chronic conditions and the risk of long-term institutionalization among older people. Eur J Public Health. 2007;18(1):77–84.17566001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charan J, Biswas T. How to calculate sample size for different study designs in medical research? Indian J Psychol Med. 2013;35(2):121. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.11623224049221
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Addington D, Addington J, Maticka-Tyndale E. Assessing depression in schizophrenia: the Calgary Depression Scale. Br j Psychiatry. 1993;163(S22):39–44. doi:10.1192/S0007125000292581
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Addington J, Shah H, Liu L, Addington D. Reliability and validity of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2014;153(1–3):64–67. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.12.01424439270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13(2):261–276.3616518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake R, Haddock G, Tarrier N, Bentall R, Lewis S. The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS): their usefulness and properties in first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2007;89(1–3):119–122. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.04.02417095193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddock G, McCarron J, Tarrier N, Faragher EB. Scales to measure dimensions of hallucinations and delusions: the psychotic symptom rating scales (PSYRATS). Psychol Med. 1999;29(4):879–889. doi:10.1017/S003329179900866110473315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahab S, Zakaria MN, Sidek D, Rahman AHA, Shah SA, Wahab NAA. Evaluation of auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia: a validation study of the Malay version of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS). Psychiatry Res. 2015;228(3):462–467.26142835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenton WS, McGlashan TH, Victor BJ, Blyler CR. Symptoms, subtype, and suicidality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Am j Psychiatry. 1997;154(2):199–204.9016268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reutfors J, Brandt L, Jönsson EG, Ekbom A, Sparén P, Ösby U. Risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia: findings from a Swedish population-based case-control study. Schizophr Res. 2009;108(1–3):231–237. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.12.02319176276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montross LP, Zisook S, Kasckow J. Suicide among patients with schizophrenia: a consideration of risk and protective factors. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2005;17(3):173–182. doi:10.1080/1040123059100215616433060
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Large M, Smith G, Sharma S, Nielssen O, Singh SP. Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the clinical factors associated with the suicide of psychiatric in‐patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2011;124(1):18–19. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01672.x21261599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair JMA, Mullee MA, King EA, Ds B. Suicide in schizophrenia: a retrospective case-control study of 51 suicides. Schizophr Bull. 2004;30(4):803–811. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a00713315954192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sher L, Kahn RS. Suicide in schizophrenia: an educational overview. Medicina. 2019;55(7):361. doi:10.3390/medicina55070361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coughlin SS, Sher L. Suicidal behavior and neurological illnesses. J Depression Anxiety. 2013;1.
   Google Scholar
• Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Cha CB, Kessler RC, Lee S. Suicide and suicidal behavior. Epidemiol Rev. 2008;30(1):133–154.18653727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake RE, Gates C, Cotton PG. Suicide Among Schizophrenies: A Comparison of Attempters and Completed Suicides. Br J Psychiatry. 1986;149(6):784–787. doi:10.1192/bjp.149.6.7843790880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janaki V, Suzaily W, Ar AH, Hazli Z, Azmawati MN. The dimensions of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia: association with depressive symptoms and quality of life. IIUM Med J Malaysia. 2017;16(2):125.
   Google Scholar
• Erlangsen A, Eaton WW, Mortensen PB, Conwell Y. Schizophrenia—A predictor of suicide during the second half of life? Schizophr Res. 2012;134(2–3):111–117. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.09.03222018943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu L, Dong M, Zhang L, et al. Prevalence of suicide attempts in individuals with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020;29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canuso CM, Pandina G. Gender and schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2007;40(4):178–190.18227787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin P, Nordentoft M. Suicide risk in relation to psychiatric hospitalization: evidence based on longitudinal registers. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(4):427–432. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.4.42715809410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popovic D, Benabarre A, Crespo JM, et al. Risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia: systematic review and clinical recommendations. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;130(6):418–426. doi:10.1111/acps.1233225230813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarden PE. Observations on suicide in chronic schizophrenics. Compr Psychiatry. 1974;15(4):325–333. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(74)90054-64414872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Togay B, Noyan H, Tasdelen R, Ucok A. Clinical variables associated with suicide attempts in schizophrenia before and after the first episode. Psychiatry Res. 2015;229(1–2):252–256. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.02526210651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGirr A, Turecki G. What is specific to suicide in schizophrenia disorder? Demographic, clinical and behavioural dimensions. Schizophr Res. 2008;98(1–3):217–224. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.09.00917942279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedrosian RC, Beck AT. Cognitive aspects of suicidal behavior. Suicide Life Threatening Behavior. 1979;9(2):87–96.483355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetzel RD, Margulies T, Davis R, Karam E. Hopelessness, depression, and suicide intent. J Clin Psychiatry. 1980;2:125.
   Google Scholar
• Siau CS, Wee L-H, Yacob S, et al. The attitude of psychiatric and non-psychiatric health-care workers toward suicide in Malaysian hospitals and its implications for training. Acad Psychiatry. 2017;41(4):503–509. doi:10.1007/s40596-017-0661-028168406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilar EJ, Siris SG. Do antipsychotic drugs influence suicidal behavior in schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2007;40(3):128–142.18007574
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaneda Y. Depression and suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia during the treatment by second generation antipsychotic agents: A mini-review. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2007;5(1):14–18.
   Google Scholar