The Mediating Effect of Self-Regulation on the Association Between Growth Mindset About Work and Living a Calling Among Primary and Secondary School Teachers

References

• Hirschi A, Herrmann A. Calling and career preparation: investigating developmental patterns and temporal precedence. J Vocat Behav. 2013;83(1):51–60. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.02.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin JY, Kim TS, Ahn J, et al. Calling, career preparation behaviors, and meaning in life among South Korean college students. J Coll Student Dev. 2018;59(6):734–748. doi:10.1353/csd.2018.0068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu G, Guan Y, Yang X, et al. Career adaptability, calling and the professional competence of social work students in China: a career construction perspective. J Vocat Behav. 2014;85(3):394–402. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2014.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy RD, Dik BJ, Steger MF. Calling and work-related outcomes: career commitment as a mediator. J Vocat Behav. 2011;78(2):210–218. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.09.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschi A, Herrmann A. Vocational identity achievement as a mediator of presence of calling and life satisfaction. J Career Assess. 2012;20(3):309–321. doi:10.1177/1069072711436158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riasnugrahani M, Riantoputra CD, Takwin B, et al. Discerning work as a calling: the role of job crafting. Career Dev Q. 2019;67(4):343–356. doi:10.1002/cdq.12203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee KJ. Sense of calling and career satisfaction of hotel frontline employees. Int J Contemp Hosp M. 2016;28(2):346–365. doi:10.1108/ijchm-01-2014-0026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creed PA, Rogers ME, Praskova A, et al. Career calling as a personal resource moderator between environmental demands and burnout in Australian junior doctors. J Career Dev. 2014;41(6):547–561. doi:10.1177/0894845313520493
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie B, Xia M, Xin X, et al. Linking calling to work engagement and subjective career success: the perspective of career construction theory. J Vocat Behav. 2016;94(1):70–78. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2016.02.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullough RVJ, Hallkenyon KM. On teacher hope, sense of calling, and commitment to teaching. Teach Educ Quart. 2012;39(2):7–27.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang M, Chen G, Han M, Wang JY. Research on the influence of career calling on inclusive education teachers’ work well-being: the mediating role of self-efficacy. Stud Psychol Behav. 2020;18(2):248–254. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2020.02.015
   Google Scholar
• Zhang LG, Li L, Sun YL. A study of the relationships between occupational stress career calling and occupational burnout among primary teachers. Chin J Ind Hyg Occup Dis. 2020;38(2):107–110. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2020.02.006
   Google Scholar
• Dobrow SR, Tosit-Kharas J. Calling: the development of a scale measure. Pers Psychol. 2011;64(4):1001–1049. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01234.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dik BJ, Duffy RD. Calling and vocation at work. Couns Psychol. 2007;37(3):424–450. doi:10.1177/0011000008316430
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy RD, Dik BJ. Research on calling: what have we learned and where are we going? J Vocat Behav. 2013;83(3):428–436. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy RD, Autin KL. Disentangling the link between perceiving a calling and living a calling. J Couns Psychol. 2013;60(2):219–227. doi:10.1037/a0031934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy RD, Allan BA, Bott EM. Calling and life satisfaction among undergraduate students: investigating mediators and moderators. J Happiness Stud. 2011;13(3):469–479. doi:10.1007/s10902-011-9274-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy RD, Allan BA, Autin KL, et al. Living a calling and work well-being: a longitudinal study. J Couns Psychol. 2014;61(4):605–615. doi:10.1037/cou0000042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy RD, England JW, Douglass RP, et al. Perceiving a calling and well-being: motivation and access to opportunity as moderators. J Vocat Behav. 2017;98(1):127–137. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2016.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy RD, Bott EM, Allan BA, et al. Perceiving a calling, living a calling, and job satisfaction: testing a moderated, multiple mediator model. J Couns Psychol. 2012;59(1):50–59. doi:10.1037/a0026129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschi A, Keller AC, Spurka DM. Living one’s calling: job resources as a link between having and living a calling. J Vocat Behav. 2018;106(1):1–10. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2017.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy RD, Autin KL, Douglass RP. Examining how aspects of vocational privilege relate to living a calling. J Posit Psychol. 2015;11(4):416–427. doi:10.1080/17439760.2015.1092570
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy RD, Autin KL, England JW, et al. Examining the effects of contextual variables on living a calling over time. J Vocat Behav. 2018;107(1):141–152. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2018.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglass RP, Duffy RD, Autin KL. Living a calling, nationality, and life satisfaction. J Career Assess. 2015;24(2):253–269. doi:10.1177/1069072715580324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy RD, Autin KL, Bott EM. Work volition and job satisfaction: examining the role of work meaning and person-environment fit. Career Dev Q. 2015;63(2):126–140. doi:10.1002/cdq.12009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oprea B, Păduraru L, Iliescu D. Job crafting and intent to leave: the mediating role of meaningful work and engagement. J Career Dev. 2020;1–14. doi:10.1177/0894845320918666
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afiouni F, Karam CM. Structure, agency, and notions of career success: a process-oriented, subjectively malleable and localized approach. Career Dev Int. 2014;19(5):548–571. doi:10.1108/CDI-01-2013-0007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnette JL, O’Boyle EH, VanEpps EM, et al. Mindsets matter: a meta-analytic review of implicit theories and self-regulation. Psychol Bull. 2013;139(3):655–701. doi:10.1037/a0029531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dweck CS. Self-Theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality, and Development. Hove: Psychology Press; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Dweck CS. Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. New York: Ballantine Books; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Dweck CS, Chiu C, Hong Y. Implicit theories and their role in judgments and reactions: a world from two perspectives. Psychol Inq. 1995;6(4):267–285. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0604_1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwald AG, Banaji MR. Implicit social cognition: attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychol Rev. 1995;102(1):4–27. doi:10.1037//0033-295X.102.1.4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin AJ. Implicit theories about intelligence and growth goals: exploring reciprocal relationships. Br J Educ Psychol. 2014;85(2):207–223. doi:10.1111/bjep.12038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathur P, Jain SP, Maheswaran D. Consumers’ implicit theories about personality influence their brand personality judgments. J Consum Psychol. 2012;22(4):545–557. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2012.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim W, Plucker JA. Creativity through a lens of social responsibility: implicit theories of creativity with Korean samples. J Creative Behav. 2011;35(2):115–130. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.2001.tb01225.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dweck CS, Yeager DS. Mindsets: a view from two eras. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2019;14(3):481–496. doi:10.1177/1745691618804166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hong YY, Chiu CY, Dweck CS, et al. Implicit theories, attributions, and coping: a meaning system approach. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999;77(3):588–599. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.588
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy MC, Dweck CS. Mindsets shape consumer behavior. J Consum Psychol. 2016;26(1):127–136. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2015.06.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claro S, Paunesku D, Dweck CS. Growth mindset tempers the effects of poverty on academic achievement. P Nat A Sci. 2016;113(31):8664–8668. doi:10.1073/pnas.1608207113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnette JL, Pollack JM. Implicit theories of work and job fit: implications for job and life satisfaction. Basic Appl Soc Psych. 2013;35(4):360–372. doi:10.1080/01973533.2013.803964
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han SJ, Stieha V. Growth mindset for human resource development: a scoping review of the literature with recommended interventions. Hum Resource Dev Rev. 2020;19(3):309–331. doi:10.1177/1534484320939739
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawat A, Nadavulakere S. Examining the outcomes of having a calling: does context matter? J Bus Psychol. 2014;30(3):499–512. doi:10.1007/s10869-014-9378-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall DT, Chandler DE. Psychological success: when the career is a calling. J Organ Behav. 2005;26(2):155–176. doi:10.1002/job.301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy RD, Allan BA, Autin KL, et al. Calling and life satisfaction: it’s not about having it, it’s about living it. J Couns Psychol. 2013;60(1):42–52. doi:10.1037/a0030635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han SJ, Stieha V. Growth mindset for human resource development: a scoping review of the literature with recommended interventions. Hum Resour Dev Rev. 2020;19(9):1–23. doi:10.1177/1534484320939739
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory JB, Levy PE. It’s not me, it’s you: a multilevel examination of variables that impact employee coaching relationships. Consult Psychol J Pract Res. 2011;63(2):67–88. doi:10.1037/a0024152
   Google Scholar
• Yu J, McLellan R. Same mindset, different goals and motivational frameworks: profiles of mindset-based meaning systems. Contemp Educ Psychol. 2020;62:101901. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101901
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caniëls MCJ, Semeijn JH, Renders IHM. Mind the mindset! The interaction of proactive personality, transformational leadership and growth mindset for engagement at work. Career Dev Int. 2018;23(1):48–66. doi:10.1108/cdi-11-2016-0194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng G, Chen X, Cheung HY, et al. Teachers’ growth mindset and work engagement in the Chinese educational context: well-being and perseverance of effort as mediators. Front Psychol. 2019;10:839. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutumisu M. The association between feedback-seeking and performance is moderated by growth mindset in a digital assessment game. Comput Hun Behav. 2019;93:267–278. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frondozo CE, King RB, Nalipay MJN, et al. Mindsets matter for teachers, too: growth mindset about teaching ability predicts teachers’ enjoyment and engagement. Curr Psychol. 2020;1:1–4. doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01008-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister RF, Gailliot M, DeWall CN, et al. Self-regulation and personality: how interventions increase regulatory success, and how depletion moderates the effects of traits on behavior. J Pers. 2006;74(6):1773–1802. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00428.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver CS, Scheier MF. Control theory: a useful conceptual framework for personality-social, clinical, and health psychology. Psychol Bull. 1982;92(1):111–135. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.92.1.111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wieber F, Thürmer JL, Gollwitzer PM. Collective action control by goals and plans: applying a self-regulation perspective to group performance. Am J Psychol. 2012;125(3):275–290. doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.125.3.0275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane J, Heckhausen J. For better or worse: young adults’ opportunity beliefs and motivational self-regulation during career entry. Int J Behav Dev. 2016;40(2):107–116. doi:10.1177/0165025415589389
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dweck CS, Leggett EL. A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychol Rev. 1988;95(2):256–273. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.2.256
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kray LJ, Haselhuhn MP. Implicit negotiation beliefs and performance: experimental and longitudinal evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007;93(1):49–64. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.1.49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam KKL, Zhou M. A serial mediation model testing growth mindset, life satisfaction, and perceived distress as predictors of perseverance of effort. Pers Indiv Differ. 2020;167:110262. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110262
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doron J, Stephan Y, Boiche´ J, et al. Coping with examinations: exploring relationships between students’ coping strategies, implicit theories of ability, and perceived control. Br J Educ Psychol. 2009;79(3):515–528. doi:10.1348/978185409X402580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell LS, Trzesniewski KH, Dweck CS. Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: a longitudinal study and an intervention. Child Dev. 2007;78(1):246–263. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YH, Heeter C, Magerko B, et al. Gaming mindsets: implicit theories in serious game learning. Cyberpsych Beh Soc N. 2012;15(4):190–194. doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsythe A, Johnson S. Thanks, but no-thanks for the feedback. Assess Eval High Educ. 2017;42(6):850–859. doi:10.1080/02602938.2016.1202190
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creed P, Buys N, Tilbury C, et al. The relationship between goal orientation and career striving in young adolescents. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2013;43(7):1480–1490. doi:10.1111/jasp.12108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansell W, Marken RS. The origins and future of control theory in psychology. Rev Gen Psychol. 2015;19(4):425–430. doi:10.1037/gpr0000057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh R, Greenhaus JH. The relation between career decision-making strategies and person-job fit: a study of job changers. J Vocat Behav. 2004;64(1):198–221. doi:10.1016/s0001-8791(03)00034-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanar A. Employment goal commitment moderates the impact of job search goal orientation on the job search process. Career Dev Int. 2017;22(6):659–682. doi:10.1108/cdi-10-2016-0165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee H. Effects of goal relations on self-regulated learning in multiple goal pursuits: performance, the self-regulatory process, and task enjoyment. Asia Pacific Educ Rev. 2012;13(2):369–386. doi:10.1007/s12564-012-9216-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Praskova A, Creed PA, Hood M. Self-regulatory processes mediating between career calling and perceived employability and life Satisfaction in emerging adults. J Career Dev. 2014;42(2):86–101. doi:10.1177/0894845314541517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creed PA, Wamelink T, Hu S. Antecedents and consequences to perceived career goal-progress discrepancies. J Vocat Behav. 2015;87:43–53. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2014.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creed PA, Hughes T. Career development strategies as moderators between career compromise and career outcomes in emerging adults. J Career Dev. 2013;40(2):146–163. doi:10.1177/0894845312437207
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson AC, Lengua LJ, Tininenko J, et al. Physiological profiles during delay of gratification: associations with emotionality, self-regulation, and adjustment problems. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2009;30(6):780–790. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2009.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feather NT. Values, valences, expectations, and actions. J Soc Issues. 1992;48(2):109–124. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00887.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Praskova A, Creed PA, Hood M. Self-regulatory processes mediating between career calling and perceived employability and life satisfaction in emerging adults. J Career Dev. 2015;42(2):86–101. doi:10.1177/0894845314541517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brislin RW. Back-translation for cross-cultural research. J Cross Cult Psychol. 1970;1(3):185–216. doi:10.1177/135910457000100301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichardo C, Justicia F, de la Fuente J, Martínez-Vicente JM, Berbén ABG. Factor structure of the self-regulation questionnaire (SRQ) at Spanish universities. Span J Psychol. 2014;17(e62):1–8. doi:10.1017/sjp.2014.63
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weston R, Gore PA. A brief guide to structural equation modeling. Couns Psychol. 2006;34(5):719–751. doi:10.1177/0011000006286345
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling. 1999;6(1):1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods. 2008;40(3):879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff PM, Organ DW. Self-reports in organizational research: problems and prospects. J Manage. 1986;12(4):531–544. doi:10.1177/014920638601200408
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raabe B, Frese M, Beehr TA. Action regulation theory and career self-management. J Vocat Behav. 2007;70(2):297–311. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2006.10.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver CS, Scheier MF. Cybernetic control processes and the self-regulation of behavior. In: Ryan RM, editor. The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation. Oxford Handbooks Online; 2012:28–42. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399820.013.0003
   Google Scholar
• Donovan JJ, Hafsteinsson LG. The impact of goal-performance discrepancies, self-efficacy, and goal orientation on upward goal revision. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2006;36(4):1046–1069. doi:10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00054.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhew E, Piro JS, Goolkasian P, et al. The effects of a growth mindset on self-efficacy and motivation. Cogent Educ. 2018;5(1):1–16. doi:10.1080/2331186x.2018.1492337
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maltby J, Day L, Hatcher RM, et al. Implicit theories of online trolling: evidence that attention-seeking conceptions are associated with increased psychological resilience. Br J Psychol. 2015;107(3):448–466. doi:10.1111/bjop.12154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passmore H-A, Howell AJ, Holder MD. Positioning implicit theories of well-being within a positivity framework. J Happiness Stud. 2018;19(8):1–19. doi:10.1007/s10902-017-9934-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creed PA, Kaya M, Hood M. Vocational identity and career progress: the intervening variables of career calling and willingness to compromise. J Career Dev. 2018;47(2):1–15. doi:10.1177/0894845318794902
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tempelaar DT, Rienties B, Giesbers B, et al. The pivotal role of effort beliefs in mediating implicit theories of intelligence and achievement goals and academic motivations. Soc Psychol Educ. 2015;18(1):101–120. doi:10.1007/s11218-014-9281-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeler SC, Omair A. Potential growth areas for implicit theories research. J Consum Psychol. 2016;26(1):137–141. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2015.06.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar