The Concurrent and Longitudinal Relations Between Competitive Classroom Climate and Learning Motivation Among Chinese Adolescent Students: The Mediating Roles of Social Comparisons

References

• Berkowitz R, Moore H, Astor RA, Benbenishty R. A research synthesis of the associations between socioeconomic background, inequality, school climate, and academic achievement. Educ Res Rev. 2017;87(2):425–469. doi:10.3102/0034654316669821
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thapa A, Cohen J, Guffey S, Higgins-D’Alessandro A. A review of school climate research. Educ Res Rev. 2013;83(3):357–385. doi:10.3102/0034654313483907
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang MT, Degol JL, Amemiya J, Parr A, Guo J. Classroom climate and children’s academic and psychological wellbeing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Rev. 2020;57:100912. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2020.100912
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battistich V, Solomon D, Delucchi K. Interaction processes and student outcomes in cooperative learning groups. Elem Sch J. 1993;94(1):19–32. doi:10.1086/461748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erbil DG, Kocabaş A. Flipping the 4th grade social studies course in a cooperative way: effects on academic achievement and motivation. Stud Educ Eval. 2020;66:100878. doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100878
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orpinas P, Horne AM. Creating a positive school climate and developing social competence. In: Jimerson SR, Swearer SM, Espelage DL, editors. Handbook of Bullying in Schools: An International Perspective. Routledge; 2010:49–59.
   Google Scholar
• Tauer JM, Harackiewicz JM. The effects of cooperation and competition on intrinsic motivation and performance. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004;86(6):849–861. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.6.849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festinger LA. A theory of social comparison processes. Hum Relat. 1954;7(2):117–140. doi:10.1177/001872675400700202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orfgen H, Dijkstra A. A cross-sectional study of psychological comparison processes that may underlie the acceptance of chronic pain. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2016;23(6):487–495. doi:10.1002/cpp.1973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkstra P, Kuyper H, van der Werf G, Buunk AP, van der Zee YG. Social comparison in the classroom: a review. Rev Educ Res. 2008;78(4):828–879. doi:10.3102/0034654308321210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown SP, Cron WL, Slocum JW. Effects of trait competitiveness and perceived intraorganizational competition on salesperson goal setting and performance. J Mark. 1998;62(4):88–98. doi:10.2307/1252289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman RL, Buckley L, Sheehan M, Shochet I. School-based programs for increasing connectedness and reducing risk behavior: a systematic review. Educ Res Rev. 2013;25(1):95–114. doi:10.1007/s10648-013-9216-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pianta RC, Hamre BK. Conceptualization, measurement, and improvement of classroom processes: standardized observation can leverage capacity. Educ Res. 2009;38(2):109–119. doi:10.3102/0013189X09332374
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rucinski CL, Brown JL, Downer JT. Teacher–child relationships, classroom climate, and children’s social-emotional and academic development. J Educ Psychol. 2018;110(7):992–1004. doi:10.1037/edu0000240
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang MT, Degol JL. School climate: a review of the construct, measurement, and impact on student outcomes. Educ Psychol Rev. 2016;28(2):315–352. doi:10.1007/s10648-015-9319-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Stasio MR, Savage R, Burgos G. Social comparison, competition and teacher–student relationships in junior high school classrooms predicts bullying and victimization. J Adolesc. 2016;53:207–216. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein JA, Harackiewicz JM. Winning is not enough: the effects of competition and achievement orientation on intrinsic interest. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1992;18(2):128–138. doi:10.1177/0146167292182003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeve J, Deci E. Elements of the competitive situation that affect intrinsic motivation. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1996;22:24–33. doi:10.1177/0146167296221003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y. A Study on the Developmental Characteristics of 11–15-Year-Old Children’s Learning Motivation: The Role of the Class Environment Climate [dissertation]. Beijing: Capital Normal University; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Dibb B, Foster M. Loneliness and Facebook use: the role of social comparison and rumination. Heliyon. 2021;7(1):e05999. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swallow SR, Kuiper NA. Social comparison and negative self-evaluations: an application to depression. Clin Psychol Rev. 1988;8(1):55–76. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90049-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buunk BP, Kuyper H van der Zee YG. Affective response to social comparison in the classroom. Basic Appl Soc Psych. 2005;27(3):229–237. doi:10.1207/s15324834basp2703_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buunk BP, Collins RL, Taylor SE, Van Yperen NW, Dakof GA. The affective consequences of social comparison: either direction has its ups and downs. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990;59(6):1238–1249. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krayer A, Ingledew DK, Iphofen R. Social comparison and body image in adolescence: a grounded theory approach. Health Educ Res. 2008;23(5):892–903. doi:10.1093/her/cym076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Loo KJ, Boucher KL, Rydell RJ, Rydell MT. Competition in stereotyped domains: competition, social comparison, and stereotype threat. Eur J Soc Psychol. 2013;43(7):648–660. doi:10.1002/ejsp.1977
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons FX, Blanton H, Gerrard M, Buunk B, Eggleston T. Does social comparison make a difference? Optimism as a moderator of the relation between comparison level and academic performance. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2000;26(5):637–648. doi:10.1177/0146167200267011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanton H, Buunk BP, Gibbons FX, Kuyper H. When better-than-others compare upward: choice of comparison and comparative evaluation as independent predictors of academic performance. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999;76(3):420–430. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockwood P, Marshall TC, Sadler P. Promoting success or preventing failure: cultural differences in motivation by positive and negative role models. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2005;31(3):379–392. doi:10.1177/0146167204271598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tam HL, Kwok SY, Hui AN, et al. The significance of emotional intelligence to students’ learning motivation and academic achievement: a study in Hong Kong with a Confucian heritage. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2021;121:105847. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105847
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer-Caja E, Weiss MR. Predictors of intrinsic motivation among adolescent students in physical education. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2000;71(3):267–279. doi:10.1080/02701367.2000.10608907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinkus RT, Lockwood P, Schimmack U, Fournier MA. For better and for worse: everyday social comparisons between romantic partners. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2008;95(5):1180–1201. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buunk BP, Oldersma FL, de Dreu CKW. Enhancing satisfaction through downward comparison: the role of relational discontent and individual differences in social comparison orientation. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2001;37(6):452–467. doi:10.1006/jesp.2000.1465
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M, Huang W. An exploration of foreign language anxiety and English learning motivation. Educ Res Int. 2011;1:493167. doi:10.1155/2011/493167
   Google Scholar
• Mainhard MT, Brekelmans M, den Brok P, Wubbels T. The development of the classroom social climate during the first months of the school year. Contemp Educ Psychol. 2011;36(3):190–200. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu X. Research on the Effect of Middle School Students’ Academic Social Comparison on Academic Stress Coping Strategies [dissertation]. Chongqing: Southwest China Normal University; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson GF, Switzer GE, Cohen ED, et al. Shortening the work preference inventory for use with physician scientists: WPI-10. Clin Transl Sci. 2014;7(4):324–328. doi:10.1111/cts.12132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén LK, Muthén BO. Mplus User’s Guide. 7th ed. Muthén & Muthén; 2011:1998–2012.
   Google Scholar
• Schreiber JB, Nora A, Stage FK, Barlow EA, King J. Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: a review. J Educ Res. 2006;99(6):323–338. doi:10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne BM. Structural equation modeling with AMOS, EQS, and LISREL: comparative approaches to testing for the factorial validity of a measuring instrument. Int J Test. 2001;1(1):55–86. doi:10.1207/S15327574IJT0101_4
   Google Scholar
• Hayes AF. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis a Regression-Based Approach. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Park S, Kim S. Leaderboard design principles to enhance learning and motivation in a gamified educational environment: development study. JMIR Serious Games. 2021;9(2):e14746. doi:10.2196/14746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulford BD, Woodward B, Taylor E. Do social comparisons in academic settings relate to gender and academic self-confidence? Soc Psychol Educ. 2018;21(3):677–690. doi:10.1007/s11218-018-9434-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu GXY, Helwig CC. Autonomy, social inequality, and support in Chinese urban and rural adolescents’ reasoning about the Chinese College Entrance Examination (Gaokao). J Adolesc Res. 2020;074355842091408. doi:10.1177/0743558420914082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein ND. Why it won’t happen to me: perceptions of risk factors and susceptibility. Health Psychol. 1984;3:431–457. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.3.5.431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Z, Jia ZR. Effects of physical education teachers’ leadership styles and classroom climate on learning motivation for basketball course. Eura J Math Sci Tech Educ. 2018;14(4):1351–1357. doi:10.29333/ejmste/81296
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diel K, Grelle S, Hofmann W. A motivational framework of social comparison. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2021;120(6):1415–1430. doi:10.1037/pspa0000204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar