374
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Validation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 in South Africa: Item Response Theory and Classical Test Theory

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 1235-1245 | Published online: 16 May 2022

References

  • Lin T, Yi Z, Zhang S, Veldhuis CB. Predictors of psychological distress and resilience in the post-COVID-19 era. Int J Behav Med. 2021;1–11. doi:10.1007/s12529-021-10036-8
  • Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius TB. The loneliness–life satisfaction relationship: the parallel and serial mediating role of hopelessness, depression and ego-resilience among young adults in South Africa during covid-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(7):3613. doi:10.3390/ijerph18073613
  • Knowles JR, Gray NS, O’Connor C, Pink J, Simkiss NJ, Snowden RJ. The role of hope and resilience in protecting against suicidal thoughts and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Suicide Res. 2021;1–18. doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.1923599
  • Bakker AB, Demerouti E. The job demands‐resources model: state of the art. J Manag Psychol. 2007;22(3):309–328. doi:10.1108/02683940710733115
  • Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius TB, Stiegler N, Bouchard JP. A serial model of the interrelationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, and psychological distress among teachers in South Africa. Ann Med Psychol. 2022;180(1):23–28. doi:10.1016/j.amp.2021.11.007
  • Zamarro G, Camp A, Fuchsman D, McGee J. Understanding how Covid-19 has changed teachers’ chances of remaining in the classroom. Sinquefield Center for Applied Economic Research Working Paper No. Forthcoming. 2022. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4047354
  • Barello S, Caruso R, Palamenghi L, et al. Factors associated with emotional exhaustion in healthcare professionals involved in the COVID-19 pandemic: an application of the job demands-resources model. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021;94(8):1751–1761. doi:10.1007/s00420-021-01669-z
  • Kaye-Kauderer H, Feingold JH, Feder A, Southwick S, Charney D. Resilience in the age of COVID-19. BJPsych Adv. 2021;27(3):166–178. doi:10.1192/bja.2021.5
  • Mana A, Bauer GF, Magistretti CM, et al. Order out of Chaos: sense of coherence and the mediating role of coping resources in explaining mental health during COVID-19 in 7 countries. SSM Ment Health. 2021;1:100001. doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100001
  • Gómez-Salgado J, Domínguez-Salas S, Romero-Martín M, Ortega-Moreno M, García-Iglesias JJ, Ruiz-Frutos C. Sense of coherence and psychological distress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Sustainability. 2020;12(17):6855. doi:10.3390/su12176855
  • Salisu I, Hashim N. A critical review of scales used in resilience research. IOSR Int J Bus Manag. 2017;19(4):23–33. doi:10.9790/487X-1904032333
  • Heritage B, Al Asadi AA, Hegney DG. Examination of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 (CD-RISC-10) using the polytomous Rasch model. Psychol Assess. 2021;33(7):672–684. doi:10.1037/pas0001011
  • Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76–82. doi:10.1002/da.10113
  • Davidson JR. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) manual; 2018. Available from: http://www.cd-risc.com. Accessed May 10, 2022.
  • Singh K, Yu XN. Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a sample of Indian students. J Psychol. 2010;1(1):23–30. doi:10.1080/09764224.2010.11885442
  • Khoshouei MS. Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) using Iranian students. Int J Test. 2009;9(1):60–66. doi:10.1080/15305050902733471
  • Velickovic K, Hallberg RI, Axelsson U, et al. Psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a non-clinical population in Sweden. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18:1–10. doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01383-3
  • Green KT, Hayward LC, Williams A, et al. Examining the factor structure of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a post-9/11 US military veteran sample. Assessment. 2014;21(4):443–451. doi:10.1177/1073191114524014
  • Karaırmak Ö. Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample. Psychiatry Res. 2010;179(3):350–356. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.012
  • Lamond AJ, Depp CA, Allison M, et al. Measurement and predictors of resilience among community-dwelling older women. J Psychiatr Res. 2008;43(2):148–154. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.03.007
  • González VBA, Sierra MTC, Martínez BA, Martínez-Molina A, Ponce FP, Bunevicius R. An in-depth psychometric analysis of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: calibration with Rasch-Andrich model. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2015;13(1):1–12. doi:10.1186/s12955-015-0345-y
  • Campbell‐Sills L, Stein MB. Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor–Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC): validation of a 10‐item measure of resilience. J Trauma Stress. 2007;20(6):1019–1028. doi:10.1002/jts.20271
  • Aloba O, Olabisi O, Aloba T. The 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale: factorial structure, reliability, validity, and correlates among student nurses in southwestern Nigeria. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2016;22(1):43–51. doi:10.1177/1078390316629971
  • Alarcón R, Cerezo MV, Hevilla S, Blanca MJ. Psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in women with breast cancer. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2020;20(1):81–89. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2019.11.001
  • Cheng C, Dong D, He J, Zhong X, Yao S. Psychometric properties of the 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) in Chinese undergraduates and depressive patients. J Affect Disord. 2020;261:211–220. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.018
  • Blanco V, Guisande MA, Sánchez MT, Otero P, Vázquez FL. Spanish validation of the 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) with non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2019;23(2):183–188. doi:10.1080/13607863.2017.1399340
  • Smith KJ, Emerson DJ, Haight TD, Mauldin S, Wood BG. An examination of the psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC10) among accounting and business students. J Account Educ. 2019;47:48–62. doi:10.1016/j.jaccedu.2019.01.002
  • Medvedev ON, Krägeloh CU. Rasch measurement model. In: Oleg N, Medvedev ON, Krägeloh CU, Siegert RJ, Singh NN, editors. Handbook of Assessment in Mindfulness Research. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2022:1–18.
  • Meichenbaum D. Bolstering resilience: benefiting from lessons learned. In: Meichenbaum D, editor. The Evolution of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. New York: Routledge; 2017:172–180.
  • Scali J, Gandubert C, Ritchie K, Soulier M, Ancelin ML, Chaudieu I. Measuring resilience in adult women using the 10-items Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Role of trauma exposure and anxiety disorders. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39879. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039879
  • Meijer RR, Sijtsma K, Smid NG. Theoretical and empirical comparison of the Mokken and the Rasch approach to IRT. Appl Psychol Meas. 1990;14(3):283–298. doi:10.1177/014662169001400306
  • Paap MC, Brouwer D, Glas CA, et al. The St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire revisited: a psychometric evaluation. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(1):67–79. doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0570-y
  • Zamora-Araya JA, Smith-Castro V, Montero-Rojas E, Moreira-Mora TE. Advantages of the rasch model for analysis and interpretation of attitudes: the case of the benevolent sexism subscale. Revista Evaluar. 2018;18(3). doi:10.35670/1667-4545.v18.n3.22201
  • Nguyen HT, Do BN, Pham KM, et al. Fear of COVID-19 scale—associations of its scores with health literacy and health-related behaviors among medical students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):4164. doi:10.3390/ijerph17114164
  • Galal S. Number of teachers in education in South Africa in 2019, by province; 2021. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1262709/number-of-teachers-in-education-in-south-africa-by-province/. Accessed May 10, 2022.
  • OECD. Results from talis 2018; 2019. Available from: https://www.oecd.org›talis›TALIS2018_CN_ZAF. Accessed May 10, 2022.
  • Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1:385–401. doi:10.1177/014662167700100306
  • Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, Trexler L. The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1974;42:861–865. doi:10.1037/h0037562
  • Antonovsky A. Unraveling the Mystery of Health: How People Manage Stress and Stay Well. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1987.
  • Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970.
  • Paika V, Ntountoulaki E, Papaioannou D, Hyphantis T. The Greek version of the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29): psychometric properties and associations with mental illness, suicidal risk and quality of life. J Psychol Clin Psychiatry. 2017;7(4):00449. doi:10.15406/jpcpy.2017.07.00449
  • González P, Nuñez A, Merz E, et al. Measurement properties of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10): findings from HCHS/SOL. Psychol Assess. 2017;29:372. doi:10.1037/pas0000330
  • Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius TB. When coping resources fail: the health-sustaining and moderating role of fortitude in the relationship between COVID-19-related worries and psychological distress. Soc Health Sci. 2020;18(2):28–47.
  • Lin Y, Hu Z, Alias H, Wong LP. Knowledge, attitudes, impact, and anxiety regarding COVID-19 infection among the public in China. Front Public Health. 2020;8:236. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00236
  • Pretorius TB, Padmanabhanunni A. A looming mental health pandemic in the time of COVID-19? Role of fortitude in the interrelationship between loneliness, anxiety, and life satisfaction among young adults. S Afr J Psychol. 2021;51(2):256–268. doi:10.1177/0081246321991030
  • Kyriazos TA. Applied psychometrics: sample size and sample power considerations in factor analysis (EFA, CFA) and SEM in general. Psychology. 2021;9(08):2207. doi:10.4236/psych.2018.98126
  • Watson R, Egberink IJ, Kirke L, Tendeiro JN, Doyle F. What are the minimal sample size requirements for Mokken scaling? An empirical example with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Health Psychol Behav Med. 2018;6(1):203–213. doi:10.1080/21642850.2018.1505520
  • Chen WH, Lenderking W, Jin Y, Wyrwich KW, Gelhorn H, Revicki DA. Is Rasch model analysis applicable in small sample size pilot studies for assessing item characteristics? An example using PROMIS pain behavior item bank data. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(2):485–493. doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0487-5
  • Hajjar ST. Statistical analysis: internal-consistency reliability and construct validity. Int J Qual Quant Methods. 2018;6(1):27–38.
  • Ghadi I, Alwi NH, Bakar KA, Talib O. Construct validity examination of critical thinking dispositions for undergraduate students in University Putra Malaysia. High Educ Stud. 2012;2(2):138–145.
  • Kline RB. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford; 2005.
  • Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling. 1999;6::1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Linacre JM. Winsteps® Rasch measurement computer program (Version 5.1.4). Portland, Oregon; 2021a. Available from: Winsteps.com. Accessed May 10, 2022.
  • Linacre JM. Winsteps® Rasch measurement computer program User’s Guide. Version 5.1.1. Portland, Oregon; 2021b. Available from: Winsteps.com. Accessed May 10, 2022.
  • Van der Ark LA. Mokken scale analysis in R. J Stat Softw. 2007;20(11):1–19.
  • Van der Ark LA. New developments in Mokken scale analysis in R. J Stat Softw. 2012;48(5):1–27.
  • R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2017. Available from: https://www.R-project.org/. Accessed May 10, 2022.
  • Wind SA. An instructional module on Mokken scale analysis. Educ Meas. 2017;36(2):50–66. doi:10.1111/emip.12153
  • Sijtsma K, van der Ark LA. A tutorial on how to do a Mokken scale analysis on your test and questionnaire data. Br J Math Stat Psychol. 2017;70(1):137–158. doi:10.1111/bmsp.12078
  • Wollny AI, Jacobs I. Validity and reliability of the German versions of the CD-RISC-10 and CD-RISC-2. Curr Psychol. 2021;1–12. doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01670-2
  • Gonzalez SP, Moore EWG, Newton M, Galli NA. Validity and reliability of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in competitive sport. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2016;23:31–39. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.10.005
  • Mokken RJ. A Theory and Procedure of Scale Analysis. The Hague, The Netherlands: Mouton; 1971.
  • Polizzi C, Lynn SJ, Perry A. Stress and coping in the time of COVID-19: pathways to resilience and recovery. Clin Neuropsychiatr. 2020;17(2):59–62. doi:10.36131/CN20200204
  • Tsipropoulou V, Nikopoulou VA, Holeva V, et al. Psychometric properties of the Greek version of FCV-19S. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;19:2279–2288. doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00319-8