Do Adverse Childhood Experiences Make Us More Utilitarian in Moral Dilemmas?

References

• Luke DM, Gawronski B. Psychopathy and moral dilemma judgments: a CNI model analysis of personal and perceived societal standards. Soc Cognit. 2021;39(1):41–58. doi:10.1521/soco.2021.39.1.41
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson J. Killing, letting die, and the trolley problem. In: Reprinted in Rights, Restitution, and Risk. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1976:78–93.
   Google Scholar
• Greene JD, Sommerville RB, Nystrom LE, Darley JM, Cohen JD. An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science. 2001;293(5537):2105–2108. doi:10.1126/science.1062872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patil I, Zucchelli MM, Kool W, et al. Reasoning supports utilitarian resolutions to moral dilemmas across diverse measures. J Personal Soc Psychol. 2021;120(2):443–460. doi:10.1037/pspp0000281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway P, Goldstein-Greenwood J, Polacek D, Greene JD. Sacrificial utilitarian judgments do reflect concern for the greater good: clarification via process dissociation and the judgments of philosophers. Cognition. 2018;179:241–265. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2018.04.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene JD. The secret joke of Kant’s soul. Moral Psychol. 2008;3:35–79.
   Google Scholar
• Körner A, Deutsch R, Gawronski B. Using the CNI model to investigate individual differences in moral dilemma judgments. Personal Soc Psychol Bulletin. 2020;46(9):1392–1407. doi:10.1177/0146167220907203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen EM, Ospina LH, Cuesta-Diaz A, et al. Effects of childhood trauma on adult moral decision-making: clinical correlates and insights from bipolar disorder. J Affective Disorders. 2019;244:180–186. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maranges HM, Hasty CR, Maner JK, Conway P. The behavioral ecology of moral dilemmas: childhood unpredictability, but not harshness, predicts less deontological and utilitarian responding. J Personal Soc Psychol. 2021;120(6):1696–1719. doi:10.1037/pspp0000368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boullier M, Blair M. Adverse childhood experiences. Paediatrics Child Health. 2018;28(3):132–137. doi:10.1016/j.paed.2017.12.008
   Google Scholar
• Dube SR, Williamson DF, Thompson T, Felitti VJ, Anda RF. Assessing the reliability of retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences among adult HMO members attending a primary care clinic. Child Abuse Negl. 2004;28(7):729–737. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.08.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Preventive Med. 1998;14(4):245–258. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portwood SG, Lawler MJ, Roberts MC. Science, practice, and policy related to adverse childhood experiences: framing the conversation. Am Psychologist. 2021;76(2):181–187. doi:10.1037/amp0000809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes K, Bellis MA, Hardcastle KA, et al. The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2017;2(8):e356–e366. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30118-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans GW, Li D, Whipple SS. Cumulative risk and child development. Psychol Bull. 2013;139(6):1342–1396. doi:10.1037/a0031808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaNoue MD, George BJ, Helitzer DL, Keith SW. Contrasting cumulative risk and multiple individual risk models of the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and adult health outcomes. BMC Me Res Method. 2020;20(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12874-020-01120-w
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd A, McKay RT, Furl N. Individuals with adverse childhood experiences explore less and underweight reward feedback. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2022;119(4):e2109373119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2109373119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krautheim JT, Straube B, Dannlowski U, et al. Outgroup emotion processing in the vACC is modulated by childhood trauma and CACNA1C risk variant. Soc Cognit Affective Neurosci. 2018;13(3):341–348. doi:10.1093/scan/nsy004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene JD, Nystrom LE, Engell AD, Darley JM, Cohen JD. The neural bases of cognitive conflict and control in moral judgment. Neuron. 2004;44(2):389–400. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narvaez D, Wang L, Cheng Y. The evolved developmental niche in childhood: relation to adult psychopathology and morality. Appl Develop Sci. 2016;20(4):294–309. doi:10.1080/10888691.2015.1128835
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochanska G. Mutually responsive orientation between mothers and their young children: a context for the early development of conscience. Curr Direct Psychol Sci. 2002;11(6):191–195. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00198
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCauley TG, McCullough ME. Retrospective self-reported childhood experiences in enriched environments uniquely predict prosocial behavior and personality traits in adulthood. Evolution Psychol. 2022;20(3):14747049221110603. doi:10.1177/14747049221110603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway P, Gawronski B. Deontological and utilitarian inclinations in moral decision making: a process dissociation approach. J Personal Soc Psychol. 2013;104(2):216–235. doi:10.1037/a0031021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luke DM, Neumann CS, Gawronski B. Psychopathy and moral-dilemma judgment: an analysis using the four-factor model of psychopathy and the CNI model of moral decision-making. Clin Psychol Sci. 2022;10(3):553–569. doi:10.1177/21677026211043862
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crone DL, Laham SM. Utilitarian preferences or action preferences? De-confounding action and moral code in sacrificial dilemmas. Pers Individ Dif. 2017;104:476–481. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawronski B, Armstrong J, Conway P, Friesdorf R, Hütter M. Consequences, norms, and generalized inaction in moral dilemmas: the CNI model of moral decision-making. J Personal Soc Psychol. 2017;113(3):343–376. doi:10.1037/pspa0000086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawronski B, Beer JS. What makes moral dilemma judgments “utilitarian” or “deontological”? Soc Neurosci. 2017;12(6):626–632. doi:10.1080/17470919.2016.1248787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawronski B, Conway P, Armstrong J, Friesdorf R, Hütter M. Effects of incidental emotions on moral dilemma judgments: an analysis using the CNI model. Emotion. 2018;18(7):989–1008. doi:10.1037/emo0000399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Wu Z, Zhan B, Ding D, Zhang X. Effects of alexithymia on moral decision-making in sacrificial dilemmas: high alexithymia is associated with weaker sensitivity to moral norms. Psychol Res Behav Manage. 2023;2315–2325. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S407744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerqueira A, Almeida TC. Adverse childhood experiences: relationship with empathy and alexithymia. J Child Adol Trauma. 2023;2:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Yu Z, Wang L, Chen W, Perrin N, Gross D. Childhood adversity and mental health among Chinese young adults: the protective role of resilience. J Adv Nurs. 2021;77(12):4793–4804. doi:10.1111/jan.15070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G* Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–191. doi:10.3758/BF03193146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin X, Ma-Xia D, Jie Y, Wen-Xian L, Parental Alcoholism D-QY. adverse childhood experiences, and later risk of personal alcohol abuse among Chinese medical students. Biomed Environ Sci. 2008;21(5):411–419. doi:10.1016/S0895-3988(08)60062-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, Xia S, Wu X, Chen Z. Analytical thinking style leads to more utilitarian moral judgments: an exploration with a process-dissociation approach. Pers Individ Dif. 2018;131:180–184. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poole JC, Dobson KS, Pusch D. Anxiety among adults with a history of childhood adversity: psychological resilience moderates the indirect effect of emotion dysregulation. J Affective Disorders. 2017;217:144–152. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poole JC, Dobson KS, Pusch D. Do adverse childhood experiences predict adult interpersonal difficulties? The role of emotion dysregulation. Child Abuse Negl. 2018;80:123–133. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Yang J, Wang P, Lei L. Childhood maltreatment, moral disengagement, and adolescents’ cyberbullying perpetration: fathers’ and mothers’ moral disengagement as moderators. Computers Human Behav. 2019;95:48–57. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stogsdill S The impact of childhood abuse on moral development; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Fang J, Wang X, Yuan K-H, Wen Z. Childhood psychological maltreatment and moral disengagement: a moderated mediation model of callous-unemotional traits and empathy. Pers Individ Dif. 2020;157:109814. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109814
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struck S, Stewart-Tufescu A, Asmundson AJN, Asmundson GGJ, Afifi TO. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) research: a bibliometric analysis of publication trends over the first 20 years. Child Abuse Negl. 2021;112:104895. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar