References
- Melton BL, Lai Z. Review of community pharmacy services: what is being performed, and where are the opportunities for improvement? Integrat Pharm Res Pract. 2017;6:79–89.
- Eades CE, Ferguson JS, O’Carroll RE. Public health in community pharmacy: a systematic review of pharmacist and consumer views. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:582. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-582
- Kelling SE. Exploring accessibility of community pharmacy services. Innov Pharm. 2015;2015:6.
- Hermansyah A, Sainsbury E, Krass I. Community pharmacy and emerging public health initiatives in developing S outheast A sian countries: a systematic review. Health Soc Care Community. 2016;24:e11–e22. doi:10.1111/hsc.12289
- Alrasheedy AA, Abdulsalim S, Farooqui M, Alsahali S, Knowledge GB. Attitude and Practice About Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and its psychological impact on students and their studies: a cross-sectional study among pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021;14:729–741. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S292354
- Urick BY, Meggs EV. Towards a greater professional standing: evolution of pharmacy practice and education, 1920–2020. Pharmacy. 2019;7. doi:10.3390/pharmacy7030098
- Thomson K, Hillier-Brown F, Walton N, Bilaj M, Bambra C, Todd A. The effects of community pharmacy-delivered public health interventions on population health and health inequalities: a review of reviews. Preventive Med. 2019;124:98–109. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.003
- DiPietro Mager N, Bright D. Advancing public health through community pharmacy practice. Pharmacy. 2023;11:56. doi:10.3390/pharmacy11020056
- Algarni MA, Alsheikh MY, Fathelrahman AI, et al. Home drug delivery service from the perspective of community pharmacy staff in Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy. 2022;10:162. doi:10.3390/pharmacy10060162
- Almanasef M, Almaghaslah D, Kandasamy G, Vasudevan R, Batool S. Involvement of community pharmacists in public health services in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75:e14940. doi:10.1111/ijcp.14940
- Raiche T, Pammett R, Dattani S, et al. Community pharmacists’ evolving role in Canadian primary health care: a vision of harmonization in a patchwork system. Pharm Pract. 2020;2020:18.
- Bach AT, Goad JA. The role of community pharmacy-based vaccination in the USA: current practice and future directions. Integrat Pharm Res Pract. 2015;4:67–77. doi:10.2147/IPRP.S63822
- Strand MA, Bratberg J, Eukel H, Hardy M, Williams C. Community pharmacists’ contributions to disease management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prev Chronic Dis. 2020;17:E69. doi:10.5888/pcd17.200317
- Milosavljevic A, Aspden T, Harrison J. Community pharmacist-led interventions and their impact on patients’ medication adherence and other health outcomes: a systematic review. Int J Pharm Pract. 2018;26:387–397. doi:10.1111/ijpp.12462
- Mehuys E, Van Bortel L, De Bolle L, et al. Effectiveness of a community pharmacist intervention in diabetes care: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Therapeutics. 2011;36:602–613. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01218.x
- Buss VH, Shield A, Kosari S, Naunton M. The impact of clinical services provided by community pharmacies on the Australian healthcare system: a review of the literature. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2018;11:22. doi:10.1186/s40545-018-0149-7
- DiDonato KL, May JR, Lindsey CC. Impact of wellness coaching and monitoring services provided in a community pharmacy. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2013;53:14–21. doi:10.1331/JAPhA.2013.11227
- Bach P, Hartung D. Leveraging the role of community pharmacists in the prevention, surveillance, and treatment of opioid use disorders. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2019;14:30. doi:10.1186/s13722-019-0158-0
- Tamara JB, Adam T, Claire O, et al. Community pharmacy-delivered interventions for public health priorities: a systematic review of interventions for alcohol reduction, smoking cessation and weight management, including meta-analysis for smoking cessation. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e009828. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009828
- Melody KT, McCartney E, Sen S, Duenas G. Optimizing care transitions: the role of the community pharmacist. Integrat Pharm Res Pract. 2016;5:43–51. doi:10.2147/IPRP.S87947
- Qato DM, Zenk S, Wilder J, Harrington R, Gaskin D, Alexander GC. The availability of pharmacies in the United States: 2007–2015. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0183172. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183172
- International Pharmaceutical Federation. FIP Community pharmacy at a glance 2021 - Regulation, scope of practice, remuneration and distribution of medicines through community pharmacies and other outlets. Available from: https://www.fip.org/file/5015. Accessed February 4, 2023.
- World Health Organization. National health workforce accounts: a handbook. Available from: https://score.tools.who.int/tools/optimize-health-service-data/tool/national-health-workforce-accounts-nhwa-a-handbook-44/. Accessed February 4, 2023.
- Grootendorst P. Pharmacy location and medical need: regional evidence from Canada. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22:1309. doi:10.1186/s12913-022-08709-5
- International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). Pharmacy workforce intelligence: global trends report. Available from: https://www.fip.org/file/2077. Accessed March 4, 2023.
- World Health Organization. Pharmacists (per 10 000 population). Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/pharmacists-(per-10-000-population). Accessed March 4, 2023.
- OECD. ”Pharmacists and pharmacies” in Health at a Glance 2021: OECD Indicators. Available from: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/d6227663-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/d6227663-en. Accessed March 4, 2023.
- Alriyadh Newspaper. Saudi Women are allowed to work in pharmacies located in shopping malls Available from: https://www.alriyadh.com/1545443. Accessed March 10, 2023.
- Saudi Gazette. Women allowed to work in pharmacies. Available from: https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/166667. Accessed March 10, 2023.
- Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (HRSD) SA. Ministerial Decision to localize the pharmacy profession and its related disciplines. Available from: https://www.hrsd.gov.sa/sites/default/files/2023-02/e109044_0.pdf. Accessed March 3, 2023.
- Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (HRSD) SA. Procedural guide on the decision to localize pharmacy profession and its specializations Available from: https://www.hrsd.gov.sa/sites/default/files/2020-02/11102021.pdf. Accessed March 3, 2023.
- AlRuthia Y, Alsenaidy MA, Alrabiah HK, AlMuhaisen A, Alshehri M. The status of licensed pharmacy workforce in Saudi Arabia: a 2030 economic vision perspective. Hum Resour Health. 2018;16:28. doi:10.1186/s12960-018-0294-8
- Al Aloola N, Aljudaib S, Behery F, Alwhaibi M, Alhawassi T. Perception of the community toward transition of pharmaceutical care services from ministry of health primary healthcare centers to community pharmacies. Int J Healthc. 2013;9:21–29. doi:10.5430/ijh.v9n1p21
- Bates I, John C, Bruno A, Fu P, Aliabadi S. An analysis of the global pharmacy workforce capacity. Hum Resour Health. 2016;14:61. doi:10.1186/s12960-016-0158-z
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2007. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed February 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2008. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed February 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2009. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed February 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2010. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed February 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2011. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed February 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2012. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Documents/1433.pdf. Accessed February 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2013. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Documents/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%201434%D9%87%D9%80.pdf. Accessed February, 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2014. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Documents/1435.pdf. Accessed February 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2015. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Documents/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%20%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%201436%D9%87%D9%80.pdf. Accessed February 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2016. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Documents/2017-08-24-01000.pdf. Accessed February 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2017. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Documents/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%201438.pdf. Accessed February, 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2018. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Documents/book-Statistics-2018.pdf. Accessed February, 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2019. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed February 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2020. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed February 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2021. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Documents/1Statistical-Yearbook-2021.pdf. Accessed February 21, 2023.
- Ministry of Health SA. Statistical Yearbook 2022. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed September 21, 2023.
- General Authority for Statistics SA. Saudi Census 2022. Available from: https://portal.saudicensus.sa/portal/public/1/15/101462. Accessed March 3, 2023.
- Cooksey RW. Descriptive Statistics for Summarising Data. In: Cooksey RW, editor. Illustrating Statistical Procedures: Finding Meaning in Quantitative Data. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2020:61–139.
- Kaliyadan F, Kulkarni V. Types of variables, descriptive statistics, and sample size. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2019;10:82–86. doi:10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_468_18
- Kaur P, Stoltzfus J, Yellapu V. Descriptive statistics. Int J Acad Med. 2018;2018:4.
- Basheti IA, Mhaidat NM, Alqudah R, Nassar R, Othman B, Mukattash TL. Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Jordan. Pharm Pract. 2020;18:2184. doi:10.18549/PharmPract.2020.4.2184
- ABDA – Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists. German pharmacies – figures, data, and facts 2022. Available from: https://www.abda.de/fileadmin/user_upload/assets/ZDF/ZDF22/ABDA_ZDF_2022_Brosch_english.pdf. Accessed March 7, 2023.
- World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. The legal and regulatory framework for community pharmacies in the WHO European Region. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/326394. Accessed April 4, 2023.
- Pagano E, Pagliero M, Pivetta EEG, Richiardi L. “Pharmacists in Italy”, in Grease or Grit? International case studies of occupational licensing and its effects on efficiency and quality. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; 2022:51–74.
- Berenbrok LA, Tang S, Gabriel N, et al. Access to community pharmacies: a nationwide geographic information systems cross-sectional analysis. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2022;62:1816–22.e2. doi:10.1016/j.japh.2022.07.003
- Iguchi K, Ueyama M, Nishio H, et al. Impact of the increase in the number of community pharmacists on their geographical distribution in Japan: a retrospective survey. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2022;15:96. doi:10.1186/s40545-022-00499-9
- Wasfaty, an electronic prescribing service by NUPCO. Available from: https://wasfaty.sa/. Accessed September 25, 2023.
- Khardali A, Qadri M, Saad SA. Exploring community pharmacists’ attitudes towards the use of wasfaty (e-Prescribing) Service in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Lat Am J Pharm. 2022;41:2375–2382.
- Eickhoff C, Griese-Mammen N, Müeller U, Said A, Schulz M. Primary healthcare policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Germany. Pharm Pract. 2021;2021:19.
- Melo AC, Trindade GM, Freitas AR, Resende KA, Palhano TJ. Community pharmacies and pharmacists in Brazil: a missed opportunity. Pharm Pract. 2021;2021:19.
- Canadian Pharmacists Association. Pharmacists in Canada. Available from: https://www.pharmacists.ca/pharmacy-in-canada/pharmacists-in-canada/. Accessed April 7, 2023.
- Bureau of Labor Statistics at U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook, Pharmacists. Available from: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/pharmacists.htm#tab-3. Accessed September 20, 2023.
- Balkhi B, Alghamdi A, Alhossan A, Alhamami A, Asiri YA. Pharmacy students attitude and perception toward working in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28:397–402. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.021
- Almaghaslah D, Alsayari A. Using a global systematic framework tool to identify pharmacy workforce development needs: a national case study on Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021;14:3233–3245. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S322577
- Almaghaslah D, Alsayari A, Asiri R, Albugami N. Pharmacy workforce in Saudi Arabia: challenges and opportunities: a cross‐sectional study. Int J Health Plann Manag. 2019;34:e583–e93. doi:10.1002/hpm.2674
- Alrasheedy AA, Ibrahim MH, Alsahali S, et al. Current state of career placement and employment opportunities for Doctor of Pharmacy graduates: a cross-sectional analysis from a college of pharmacy, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J. 2022;30:1479–1485. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2022.07.010
- Almaghaslah D, Alsayari A, Almanasef M, Asiri A. A cross-sectional study on pharmacy students’ career choices in the light of Saudi vision 2030: will community pharmacy continue to be the most promising, but least preferred, sector? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18. doi:10.3390/ijerph18094589
- Basudan AM. Breast cancer incidence patterns in the Saudi female population: a 17-year retrospective analysis. Medicina. 2022;58:1617. doi:10.3390/medicina58111617
- Stoecker C. Shooting from the ‘Scrip: scope of practice laws and access to immunizations in the pharmacy setting. Vaccines. 2021;9:444. doi:10.3390/vaccines9050444
- Alshammari TM, Alsubait SI, Alenzi KA, Almalki ZS. Estimating the potential economic impact of the Wasfaty program on costs of antidiabetic treatment: an initiative for the digital transformation of health. Saudi Pharm J. 2023;31:1029–1035. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2023.04.026