An integrated approach to preventing cardiovascular disease: community-based approaches, health system initiatives, and public health policy

References

• EvansRBarerMMarmorTWhy Are Some People Healthy and Others Not? The Determinants of Health of PopulationsNew York, NYAldine De Gruyter1994
   Google Scholar
• PopkinBMThe nutrition transition: an overview of world patterns of changeNutr Rev200462S140S14315387480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health OrganizationPreventing chronic disease: a vital investmentGeneva, SwitzerlandWHO2005
   Google Scholar
• PearsonTABlairSNDanielsSRAHA guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke: 2002 update: consensus panel guide to comprehensive risk reduction for adult patients without coronary or other atherosclerotic Vascular DiseasesCirculation200210638839112119259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ManciaGOptimal control of blood pressure in patients with diabetes reduces the incidence of macro and microvascular eventsJ Hypertens Suppl2007251S7S1217579317
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Hypertension in Diabetes Study GroupHypertension in Diabetes Study (HDS); Part II: increased risk of cardiovascular complications in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patientsJ Hypertens1993113193258387090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LawesCMvander HoornSRodgersAInternational Society of HypertensionGlobal burden of blood-pressure-related disease, 2001Lancet20083711513151818456100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VasanRSBeiserASeshadriSResidual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: the Framingham Heart StudyJAMA200228781003101011866648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WilkinsKCampbellNRCJoffresMRBlood pressure in Canadian adultsHealth Rep2010211374620426225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Heart AssociationHeart disease and stroke statistics: 2009 updateDallas, TXAmerican Heart Association2009
   Google Scholar
• WangYWangQJThe prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among US adults according to the new joint national committee guidelines: new challenges of the old problemArch Intern Med20041642126213415505126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf-MaierKCooperRSBanegasJRGiampaoliSHenseHWJoffresMHypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada and the United StatesJAMA20032892363236912746359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GazianoTABittonAAnandSWeinsteinMCInternational Society of HypertensionThe global cost of nonoptimal blood pressureJ Hypertens2009271472147719474763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElliottPStamlerJPrimary prevention of high blood pressureMarmotMElliotPCoronary Heart Disease EpidemiologyNew York, NYOxford University Press2005751768
   Google Scholar
• MacMahonSPetoRCutlerJBlood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease; Part I: prolonged differences in blood pressure – prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution biasLancet19903357657741969518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CollinsRPetoRMacMahonSBlood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease; Part II: short-term reductions in blood pressure – overview of randomized drug trials in their epidemiological contextLancet19903358278381969567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DickinsonHOMasonJMNicolsonDJLifestyle interventions to reduce raised blood pressure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trialsJ Hypertens200624221523316508562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KhanNAMcAlisterFARabkinSWThe 2006 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension; Part II: therapyCan J Cardiol200622758359316755313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TobeSWTouyzRMCampbellNRCanadian Hypertension Education ProgramThe Canadian Hypertension Education Program: a unique Canadian knowledge translation programCan J Cardiol200723755155517534461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CarterBLRogersMDalyJZhengSJamesPAThe potency of team-based care interventions for hypertension: a meta-analysisArch Intern Med2009169191748175519858431
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ThompsonACampbellNRCloutierLTackling the burden of hypertension in Canada: encouraging collaborative careCan Fam Physician200854121659166219074693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GerminoFWThe management and treatment of hypertensionClin Cornerstone20109Suppl 3S27S3319409353
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CampbellNRSoLAmankwahEQuanHMaxwellCCanadian Hypertension Education Program Outcomes Research Task ForceCharacteristics of hypertensive Canadians not receiving drug therapyCan J Cardiol200824648549018548146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TrillingJSFroomJThe urgent need to improve hypertension careArch Fam Med20009979480111031384
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OngKLCheungBMManYBLauCPLamKSPrevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999–2004Hypertension2007491697517159087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JoffresMGhadirianPFodorJGPetrasovitsAChockalingamAHametPAwareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in CanadaAm J Hypertens19971010109711029370379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PavlikVNGreisingerAJPoolJHaidetPHymanDJDoes reducing physician uncertainty improve hypertension control?: rationale and methodsCirc Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes20092325726320031846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParatiGBlood pressure variability, target organ damage and antihypertensive treatmentJ Hypertens200321101827183014508187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetrellaRJMerikleEPJonesJPrevalence, treatment and control of hypertension in primary care: gaps, trends and opportunitiesJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)200791283517215656
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MoscaLLinfanteAHBenjaminEJNational study of physician awareness and adherence to cardiovascular disease prevention guidelinesCirculation2005111449951015687140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HeislerMHoganMMHoferTPSchmittdielJAPladevallMKerrEAWhen more is not better: treatment intensification among hypertensive patients with poor medication adherenceCirculation2008117222884289418506011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangYRAlexanderGCStaffordRSOutpatient hypertension treatment, treatment intensification, and control in Western Europe and the United StatesArch Intern Med2007167214114717242314
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’rourkeMFNamasivayamMAdjiATreatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or olderMinerva Med20091001253819277002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KesarwaniMPerezALopezVAWongNDFranklinSSCardiovascular comorbidities and blood pressure control in stroke survivorsJ Hypertens20092751056106319405168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BorzeckiAMKaderBBerlowitzDRThe epidemiology and management of severe hypertensionJ Hum Hypertens201024191819440209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OrleansCTPromoting the maintenance of health behavior change: recommendations for the next generation of research and practiceHealth Psychol200019Suppl 1768310709951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HeatonPCFredeSMPatients’ need for more counseling on diet, exercise, and smoking cessation: results from the National Ambulatory Medical Care SurveyJ Am Pharm Assoc (2003)200646336436916739758
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FengJHGrahamAMReducing population salt intake worldwide: from evidence to implementationProg Cardiovasc Dis20105236338220226955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Health StatisticsHealthy People 2010 Progress ReviewFocus Area 19: Nutrition and Overweight Presentation Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ppt/hp2010/focus_areas/fa19_2.ppt#803,14,Slide14. Published 2008Accessed Apr 18, 2010
   Google Scholar
• BarrSIReducing dietary sodium intake: the Canadian contextAppl Physiol Nutr Metab2010351820130659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HossainPKawarBEl NahasMObesity and diabetes in the developing world: a growing challenge. 3N Engl J Med200735621321517229948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CaballeroBA nutrition paradox: underweight and obesity in developing countriesN Eng J Med200535215141516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NeitertPJWessellAMFeiferCOrnsteinSMEffect of terminal digit preference on blood pressure measurement and treatment in primary careAm J Hypertens200619214715216448884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParatiGValentiniMDo we need out-of-office blood pressure in every patient?Curr Opin Cardiol200722432132817556885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChambersLWKaczorowskiJLevittCKarwalajtysTMcDonoughBLewisJBlood pressure self-monitoring in pharmacies. Building on existing resourcesCan Fam Physician2002481594159512449541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SullivanSMKaczorowskiJMyersMGKarwalajtysTChambersLWUse of automated blood pressure measurement to reduce white coat response in a pharmacy settingCan J Cardiol200723Suppl C85C http://www.pulsus.com/ccc2007/abs/0206.htm
   Google Scholar
• PickeringTGThe natural history of hypertension: prehypertension or masked hypertensionJ Clin Hypertens20079
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Hypertension Education Program2110 Key Messages Available from: http://hypertension.ca/chep/summaries/key-messages/Accessed April 18, 2010
   Google Scholar
• VerberkWJKroonAAKesselsAGde LeeuwPWHome blood pressure measurement: a systematic reviewJ Am Coll Cardiol200546574375116139119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Committee on Public Health Priorities to Reduce and Control Hypertension in the US Population; Institiute of MedicineA population- based policy and systems change approach to prevent and control hypertension (executive summary)Washington, DCNational Academies of Sciences Press Available from: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12819.htmlAccessed Apr 18, 2010
   Google Scholar
• WelchVLLHillMNEffective strategies for blood pressure controlCardiol Clin200220321333vii12119803
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MyersMGAutomated blood pressure measurement in routine clinical practiceBlood Press Monit200611598216534406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HendersonLIrvingKGregoryJNational Diet and Nutrition Survey: adults aged 19 to 64 Vitamin and mineral intake and urinary analytes3London, EnglandTSO2003127136
   Google Scholar
• Food Standards AgencyDietary sodium levels surveys Available from: http://www.food.gov.uk/science/dietarysurveys/urinary. Published 2008Accessed Apr 18, 2010
   Google Scholar
• Food Standards AgencyAgency publishes 2012 salt reduction targets Available from: http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2009/may/salttargets. Published 2008Accessed April 18, 2010
   Google Scholar
• GirgisSNealBPrescottJA one-quarter reduction in the salt content of bread can be made without detectionEur J Clin Nutr20035761662012700625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine and Food and Nutrition Board, Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium IntakeStrategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States (Consensus Report) Available from: http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Strategies-to-Reduce-Sodium-Intake-in-the-United-States.aspxAccessed April 18, 2010
   Google Scholar
• MozaffarianDKatanMBAscherioAStampferMJWillettWCTrans fatty acids and cardiovascular diseaseN Eng J Med20063541516011613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization Available from: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/cvd/en/. Published 2008Accessed Jan 20, 2008
   Google Scholar
• SargentRPShepardRMGlantzSAReduced incidence of admissions for myocardial infarction associated with public smoking ban: before and after studyBMJ200432897798015066887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BartecchiCA city-wide smoking ordinance reduces the incidence of acute myocardial infarctionPaper presented at: American Heart Association Annual Scientific Sessions2005 Nov 14Dallas, Texas
   Google Scholar
• SchoolerCFarquharJWFortmannSPFloraJASynthesis of findings and issues from community prevention trialsAnn Epidemiol19977S54S68
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PearsonTAWallSLewisCDissecting the “black box” of community intervention: lessons from community-wide cardiovascular disease prevention programs in the US and SwedenScand J Public Health2001296978
   Google Scholar
• DobbinsMBeyersJThe effectiveness of community-based heart health projects: a systematic overview updatePaper presented at: Ontario Public Health Research, Education and Development Program1999Ontario, Canada
   Google Scholar
• StoneEJPearsonTAFortmannSPMcKinlayJBCommunity-based prevention trials: challenges and directions for public health practice, policy, and researchAnn Epidemiol19977S113S120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SaelensBESallisJFBlackJBChenDNeighbourhood-based differences in physical activity: an environment scale evaluationAm J Public Health2003931552155812948979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KirkpatrickSTarasukVThe relationship between low income and household food expenditure patterns in CanadaPublic Health Nutr20036658959714690040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BerriganDTroianoRPThe association between urban form and physical activity in US adultsAm J Prev Med200223Suppl 2747912133740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrankLDSchmidTLSallisJFChapmanJSaelensBELinking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form: findings from SMARTRAQAm J Prev Med2005282 Suppl 211712515694519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HanusaikNO’LoughlinJLKishchukNEylesJRobinsonKCameronRBuilding the backbone for organisational research in public health systems: development of measures of organisational capacity for chronic disease preventionJ Epidemiol Community Health20076174274917630377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MerzelCD’AfflitiJReconsidering community-based health promotion: promise, performance, and potentialAm J Public Health200393455757412660197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RoseGThe Strategy of Preventive MedicineOxfordOxford University Press Inc1992
   Google Scholar
• MinklerMWallersteinNBImproving health through community organization and community buildingGlanzKRimerBKLewisFMIn Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, research, and practiceSan FranciscoJossey-Bass2002279311
   Google Scholar
• EngelgauMMVenkat NarayanKMHermanWHScreening for type 2 diabetesDiabetes Care2000231563158011023153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShahCPPublic Health and Preventive Medicine in Canada4th edTorontoUniversity of Toronto Press19984042
   Google Scholar
• WilsonJMGJungerGThe Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. Public Health Papers No. 34GenevaWHO1968
   Google Scholar
• BaumFMeasuring effectiveness in community-based health promotionDaviesJKMacdonaldGQuality, Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion. Striving for CertaintiesLondonRoutledge19986889
   Google Scholar
• EdwardsNInvesting in multi-level and multi-strategy disease and illness prevention (Banff conference) Available from: http://www.uleth.ca/man/research/centres/chmr/conferences/2005/files/Investing%20in%20MIPs%20Banff.pdf. Published 2005Accessed Jul 24, 2007
   Google Scholar
• FarquharJWMaccobyNWoodPDCommunity education for cardiovascular healthLancet197711192119568285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PuskaPSalonenJTNissinenAChange in risk factors for coronary heart disease during 10 years of a community intervention programme (North Karelia project)Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)1983287640818401844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WinklebyMAFeldmanHAMurrayDMJoint analysis of three US community intervention trials for reduction of cardiovascular disease riskJ Clin Epidemiol1997506456589250263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SheaSBaschCEA review of five major community-based cardiovascular disease prevention programs. Part I: rationale, design and theoretical frameworkAm J Health Promot1990420321310106540
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SheaSBaschCEA review of five major community-based cardiovascular disease prevention programs; Part II: intervention strategies, evaluation methods, and resultsAm J Health Promot20064427928710106505
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burgess-RecordNHarrisDERecordSSGilbert-ArcariJDeSistoMBunnellSMortality impact of an integrated community cardiovascular health programAm J Prev Med20001913038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LuepkerRVRastamLHannanPJCommunity education for cardiovascular disease prevention. Morbidity and mortality results from the Minnesota Heart Health ProgramAm J Epidemiol199614443513628712192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FarquharJWFortmannSPFloraJAEffects of communitywide education on cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Stanford Five- City ProjectJAMA199026433593652362332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RossouwJEJoostePLChaltonDOCommunity-based interventions: the Coronary Risk Factor Study (CORIS)Int J Epidemiol1993224284388359958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WrenchJGACoronary heart disease: account of a preventive clinic in general practiceJ R Coll Gen Prac198434477481
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WonderlingDLanghamSBuxtonMWhat can be concluded from the Oxcheck and British family heart studies: commentary on cost effectiveness analysesBMJ1996312127412788634618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalshJMMcDonaldKMShojaniaKGQuality improvement strategies for hypertension management: a systematic reviewMed Care200644764665716799359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosenthalMBFrankRGLiZEpsteinAMEarly experience with pay-for-performance: from concept to practiceJAMA2005294141788179316219882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EpsteinAMPay for performance at the tipping pointN Engl J Med200735651551717259445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EpsteinAMPaying for performance in the United States and abroadN Engl J Med200635540640816870921
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PinkGHBrownADStuderMLReiterKLLeattPPay-for-performance in publicly financed healthcare: some international experience and considerations for CanadaHealthc Pap2006682616825853
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Medicare AustraliaPractice Incentives Program (PIP) Available from: http://www.medicareaustralia.gov.au/provider/incentives/pip/index.shtml. Published 2010Accessed May 18, 2010
   Google Scholar
• GrebSFockeAHesselFWasemJFinancial incentives for disease management programmes and integrated care in German social health insuranceHealth Policy20067829530516343688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CustersTArahOAKlazingaNSIs there a business case for quality in The Netherlands? A critical analysis of the recent reforms of the health care systemHealth Policy20078222623917070956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PerkinsRSeddonMQuality improvement in New Zealand healthcare; Part V: measurement for monitoring and controlling performance – the quest for external accountabilityN Z Med J2006119U214916964301
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CampbellSMReevesDKontopantelisESibbaldBRolandMEffects of pay for performance on the quality of primary care in EnglandN Engl J Med2009361436837819625717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DoranTFullwoodCPay for performance: is it the best way to improve control of hypertension?Curr Hypertens Rep20079536036718177581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DoranTRolandMLessons from major initiatives to improve primary care in the United KingdomHealth Aff (Millwood)2010291023102920439901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HeselmansAvan de VeldeSDonceelPAertgeertsBRamaekersDEffectiveness of electronic guideline-based implementation systems in ambulatory care settings: a systematic reviewImplement Sci200948220042070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BryanCBorenSAThe use and effectiveness of electronic clinical decision support tools in the ambulatory/primary care setting: a systematic review of the literatureInform Prim Care2008162799118713524
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PoonEGWrightASimonSRJenterCAKaushalRVolkLARelationship between use of electronic health record features and health care quality: results of a statewide surveyMed Care201048320320920125047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolbeck MinkeSSmithCPlotnikoffRCKhalemaERaineKThe evolution of integrated chronic disease prevention in Alberta, CanadaPrev Chronic Dis200633A102 Epub 2006 Jun 1516776863
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WagnerEHChronic disease management: what will it take to improve care for chronic illness?Eff Clin Pract1998112410345255
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HungDYRundallTGTalliaAFCohenDJHalpinHACrabtreeBFRethinking prevention in primary care: applying the chronic care model to address health risk behaviorsMilbank Q2007851699117319807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosenheckRFast food consumption and increased caloric intake: a systematic review of a trajectory towards weight gain and obesity riskObes Rev20089653554718346099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FinkelsteinEAZuckermanLThe Fattening of AmericaHow The Economy Makes Us Fat, If It Matters and What To Do About ItHoboken, New JerseyJohn Wiley & Sons2008 Published simultaneously in Canada
   Google Scholar
• PowellLMChaloupkaFJFood prices and obesity: evidence and policy implications for taxes and subsidiesMilbank Q200987122925719298422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SacksGSwinburnBLawrenceMObesity policy action framework and analysis grids for a comprehensive policy approach to reducing obesityObes Rev20091017886
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KaczorowskiJShubairMKaczorowskiMFast food and the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes: are we doomed to become obese and develop diabetes?BishopMRChocolate, Fast Foods and Sweeteners: Consumption & Health CommackNew YorkNova Science Publishers, Inc2009Chapter 17293299
   Google Scholar
• CaraherMCowburnGTaxing food: implications for public health nutritionPublic Health Nutr2005881242124916372919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangYBeydounMAThe obesity epidemic in the United States – gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: a systematic review and meta-regression analysisEpidemiol Rev20072962817510091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar