Guideline-recommended therapy, including beta-blocker utilization, in patients with chronic heart failure: results from a Canadian community hospital heart function clinic

References

• Smith SC Jr, Blair SN, Bonow RO, et al. AHA/ACC scientific statement: AHA/ACC guidelines for preventing heart attack and death in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: 2001 update: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. Circulation. 2001;104(13):1577–1579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taegtmeyer H, McNulty P, Young ME. Adaptation and maladaptation of the heart in diabetes: part I: general concepts. Circulation. 2002;105(14):1727–1733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenchaiah S, Evans JC, Levy D, et al. Obesity and the risk of heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(5):305–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J, Ogden LG, Bazzano LA, Vupputuri S, Loria C, Whelton PK. Risk factors for congestive heart failure in US men and women: NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(7):996–1002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fisher ML, Gottlieb SS, Plotnick GD, et al. Beneficial effects of metoprolol in heart failure associated with coronary artery disease: a randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23(4):943–950.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metra M, Nardi M, Giubbini R, Dei Cas L. Effects of short- and long-term carvedilol administration on rest and exercise hemodynamic variables, exercise capacity and clinical conditions in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;24(7):1678–1687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen SL, Gilbert EM, Renlund DG, Taylor DO, Yanowitz FD, Bristow MR. Carvedilol improves left ventricular function and symptoms in chronic heart failure: a double-blind randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25(6):1225–1231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krum H, Sackner-Bernstein JD, Goldsmith RL, et al. Doubleblind, placebo-controlled study of the long-term efficacy of carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure. Circulation. 1995;92(6):1499–1506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waagstein F, Bristow MR, Swedberg K, et al; Metoprolol in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (MDC) Trial Study Group. Beneficial effects of metoprolol in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 1993;342(8885):1441–1446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIBIS Investigators and Committees. A randomized trial of beta blockade in heart failure: the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS). Circulation. 1994;90(4):1765–1773.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packer M, Colucci WS, Sackner-Bernstein JD, et al. Double blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of carvedilol in patients with moderate to severe heart failure: the PRECISE trial: prospective randomized evaluation of carvedilol on symptoms and exercise. Circulation. 1996;94(11):2793–2799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colucci WS, Packer M, Bristow MR, et al; US Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. Carvedilol inhibits clinical progression in patients with mild symptoms of heart failure. Circulation. 1996;94(11):2800–2806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jouven X, Empana JP, Buyck JF, et al. Resting heart rate and its changes over years as a risk factor for mortality in the general population: the Paris prospective study I. Eur Heart J. 2007;27:333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mensink GB, Hoffmeister H. The relationship between resting heart rate and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Eur Heart J. 1997;18(9):1404–1410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillman MW, Kannel WB, Belanger A, D’Agostino RB. Influence of heart rate on mortality among persons with hypertension: the Framingham study. Am Heart J. 1993;125(4):1148–1154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjalmarson A, Gilpin EA, Kjekshus J, et al. Influence of heart rate on mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1990;65(9):547–553.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, et al; BEAUTIFUL investigators. Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9641):817–821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolloch R, Legler UF, Champion A, et al. Impact of resting heart rate on outcomes in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: findings from the International Verapamil-SR/Trandolapril Study (INVEST). Eur Heart J. 2008;29(10):1327–1334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böhm M, Swedberg K, Komajda M, et al; SHIFT Investigators. Heart rate as a risk factor in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): the association between heart rate and outcomes in a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9744):886–894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechat P, Hulot JS, Escolano S, et al. Heart rate and cardiac rhythm relationships with bisoprolol benefit in chronic heart failure in CIBIS II trial. Circulation. 2001;103(10):1428–1433.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechat P, Escolano S, Golmard JL, et al. Prognostic value of bisoprolol-induced hemodynamic effects in heart failure during the Cardiac Insufficiency BIsoprolol Study (CIBIS). Circulation. 1997;96(7):2197–2205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metra M, Torp-Pedersen C, Swedberg K, et al. Influence of heart rate, blood pressure, and beta-blocker dose on outcome and the differences in outcome between carvedilol and metoprolol tartrate in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the COMET trial. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(21):2259–2268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAlister FA, Wiebe N, Ezekowitz JA, Leung AA, Armstrong PW. Meta-analysis: beta-blocker dose, heart rate reduction, and death in patients with heart failure. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(11):784–794.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari R, Ceconi C. Selective and specific If inhibition with ivabradine: new perspectives for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2011;9(8):959–973.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swedberg K, Komajda M, Bohm M, et al; SHIFT Investigators. Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9744):875–885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, et al; BEAUTIFUL Investigators. Relationship between ivabradine treatment and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease and left ventricular systolic dysfunction with limiting angina: a subgroup analysis of the randomized, controlled BEAUTIFUL trial. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(19):2337–2345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, et al; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 of the European society of cardiology. developed in collaboration with the heart failure association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(14):1787–1847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICE Pathways [homepage on the internet]. London. Available from: http://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/chronic-heart-failure#path=view%3A/pathways/chronic-heart-failure/treatment-for-heart-failure-due-to-left-ventricular-systolic-dysfunction.xml&content=view-index. Accessed April 8, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Howlett JG, Chan M, Ezekowitz JA, et al; Canadian Cardiovascular Society Heart Failure Guidelines Panels. The Canadian cardiovascular society heart failure companion: bridging guidelines to your practice. Can J Cardiol. 2016;32(3):296–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurray J, Packer M, Desai AS, et al; PARADIGM-HF Investigators and Committees. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(11):993–1004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonarow GC, Albert NM, Curtis AB, et al. Improving evidence-based care for heart failure in outpatient cardiology practices primary results of the registry to improve the use of evidence-based heart failure therapies in the outpatient setting (IMPROVE HF). Circulation. 2010;122(6):585–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson PN, Chan PS, Spertus JA, et al. Practice-level variation in use of recommended medications among outpatients with heart failure: insights from the NCDR PINNACLE program. Circ Heart Fail. 2013;6(6):1132–1138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komajda M, Lapuerta P, Hermans N, et al. Adherence to guidelines is a predictor of outcome in chronic heart failure: the MAHLER survey. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(16):1653–1659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijeysundera HC, Trubiani G, Abrahamyan L, et al. Specialized multi-disciplinary heart failure clinics in Ontario, Canada: an environmental scan. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold JMO, Ignazweski A, Howlett J, et al; Canadian Heart Failure Network Inc. Changes in drug utilization in patients referred to outpatient heart failure clinics in Canada between 1999 and 2007. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:A166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howlett JG, Johnstone DE, Sketris I, et al; Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nova Scotia investigators. Identifying opportunities to address the congestive heart failure burden: the Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nova Scotia (ICONS) study. Can J Cardiol. 2003;19(4):439–444.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper LB, Hernandez AF. Assessing the quality and comparative effectiveness of team-based care for heart failure who, what, where, when, and how. Heart Fail Clin. 2015;11(3):499–506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomized trial. Lancet. 1999;353(9146):9–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: metoprolol CR/XL randomized intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet. 1999;353(9169):2001–2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechat P, Packer M, Chalon S, Cucherat M, Arab T, Boissel JP. Clinical effects of beta-adrenergic blockade in chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trials. Circulation. 1998;98(12):1184–1191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN, et al; U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(21):1349–1355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, et al; Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival Study Group. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(22):1651–1658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dargie HJ. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet. 2001;357(9266):1385–1390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleland JG, Pennell DJ, Ray SG, et al; Carvedilol hibernating reversible ischaemia trial: marker of success investigators. Myocardial viability as a determinant of the ejection fraction response to carvedilol in patients with heart failure (CHRISTMAS trial): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;362(9377):14–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggioni AP, Dahlström U, Filippatos G, et al; Heart Failure Association of ESC (HFA). EURObservational research programme: the heart failure pilot survey (ESC-HF Pilot). Eur J Heart Fail. 2010;12(10):1076–1084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Groote P, Isnard R, Assyag P, et al. Is the gap between guidelines and clinical practice in heart failure treatment being filled? Insights from the IMPACT RECO survey. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9(12):1205–1211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonarow GC, Albert NM, Curtis AB, et al. Incremental reduction in risk of death associated with use of guideline-recommended therapies in patients with heart failure: a nested case-control analysis of IMPROVE HF. J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1(1):16–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komajda M, Follath F, Swedberg K, et al; Study Group on Diagnosis of the Working Group on Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. The EuroHeart failure survey programme – a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 2: treatment. Eur Heart J. 2003;24(5):464–474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke J, Wolter JS, Meme L, et al. Optimization of pharmacotherapy in chronic heart failure: is heart rate adequately addressed? Clin Res Cardiol. 2013;102(1):23–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta R, Tang WH, Young JB. Patterns of beta-blocker utilization in patients with chronic heart failure: experience from a specialized outpatient heart failure clinic. Am Heart J. 2004;147(1):79–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler J, Khadim G, Belue R, et al. Tolerability to beta-blocker therapy among heart failure patients in clinical practice. J Card Fail. 2003;9(3):203–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flather MD, Shibata MC, Coats AJ, et al; SENIORS Investigators. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J. 2005;26(3):215–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packer M, Fowler MB, Roecker EB, et al; Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS) Study Group. Effect of carvedilol on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: results of the carvedilol prospective randomized cumulative survival (COPERNICUS) study. Circulation. 2002;106(17):2194–2199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullington D, Goode KM, Cleland JG, Clark AL. Limited role for ivabridine in the treatment of chronic heart failure. Heart. 2011;97(23):1961–1966.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder DH, Mohan M, Cochrane L, Charles H, Lang CC. Characterizing patients with chronic heart failure in community care after hospitalization: a potential role for ivabridine. Cardiovasc Ther. 2015;33(3):104–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho KK, Pinsky JL, Kannel WB, Levy D. The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22(4 Suppl A): 6A–13A.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dries DL, Exner DV, Gersh BJ, Domanski MJ, Waclawiw MA, Stevenson LW. Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk for mortality and heart failure progression in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a retrospective analysis of the SOLVD trials. Studies of left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32(3):695–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Veldhuisen DJ, Aass H, El Allaf D, et al; MERIT-HF Study Group. Presence and development of atrial fibrillation in chronic heart failure. Experiences from the MERIT-HF study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2006;8(5):539–546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Ferrari GM, Klersy C, Ferrero P, et al; ALPHA Study Group. Atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients: prevalence in daily practice and effect on the severity of symptoms. Data from the ALPHA study registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9(5):502–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poole-Wilson PA, Swedberg K, Cleland JG, et al; Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial Investigators. Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure in the carvedilol or metoprolol European trial (COMET): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;362(9377):7–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corell P, Gustafsson F, Schou M, Markenvard J, Nielson T, Hildebrandt P. Prevalence and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in outpatients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9(3):258–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsson LG, Swedberg K, Ducharme A, et al; CHARM Investigators. Atrial fibrillation and risk of clinical events in chronic heart failure with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from the candesartan in heart failure-assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(10):1997–2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deedwania PC, Singh BN, Ellenbogen K, Fisher S, Fletcher R, Singh SN. Spontaneous conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm by amiodarone in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: observations from the veterans affairs congestive heart failure survival trial of antiarrhythmic therapy (CHF-STAT). The Department of Veterans Affairs CHF-STAT Investigators. Circulation. 1998;98(23):2574–2579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggioni AP, Latini R, Carson PE, et al; Val-HeFT Investigators. Valsartan reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure: results from the valsartan heart failure trial (Val-HeFT). Am Heart J. 2005;149(3):548–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedberg K, Olsson LG, Charlesworth A, et al. Prognostic relevance of atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic heart failure on long-term treatment with beta-blockers: results from COMET. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(13):1303–1308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatia RS, Tu JV, Lee DS, et al. Outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a population-based study. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(3):260–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL, Redfield MM. Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(3):251–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma A, Cairns JA, Mitchell LB, et al; CCS Atrial Fibrillation Guidelines Committee. Focused update of the Canadian cardiovascular society guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Can J Cardiol. 2014;30(10):1114–1130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gori M, Senni M. Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) for the treatment of heart failure. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2016;14(2):145–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roger VL. Epidemiology of heart failure. Circ Res. 2013;113(6):646–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeung DF, Boom NK, Guo H, Lee DS, Schultz SE, Tu JV. Trends in the incidence and outcomes of heart failure in Ontario, Canada: 1997 to 2007. CMAJ. 2012;184(14):E765–E773.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar