114
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
CLINICAL TRIAL REPORT

The Efficacy and Safety of Diazepam for Intraoperative Blood Pressure Stabilization in Hypertensive Patients Undergoing Vitrectomy Under Nerve Block Anesthesia: A Prospective, Single-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial

ORCID Icon, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 9-18 | Received 11 Oct 2023, Accepted 18 Dec 2023, Published online: 12 Jan 2024

References

  • Nagpal M, Chaudhary P, Wachasundar S, Eltayib A, Raihan A. Management of recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018;66(12):1763–1771. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_1212_18
  • Stappler T, Montesel A, Konstantinidis L, Wolfensberger TJ, Eandi CM. Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Technique for Macular Hole Coexistent with Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment. Retina. 2022;42(8):1491–1497. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000003509
  • Chua PY, Sandinha MT, Steel DH. Idiopathic epiretinal membrane: progression and timing of surgery. Eye. 2022;36(3):495–503. doi:10.1038/s41433-021-01681-0
  • Berrocal MH, Acaba-Berrocal L. Early pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: update and review of current literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2021;32(3):203–208. doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000760
  • Wakabayashi T, Patel N, Bough M, et al. VITRECTOMY FOR VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE ASSOCIATED WITH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION: visual Outcomes, Prognostic Factors, and Sequelae. Retina. 2023;43(9):1506–1513. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000003839
  • Wilson RP. Complications associated with local and general ophthalmic anesthesia. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1992;32(4):1–22. doi:10.1097/00004397-199223000-00001
  • Breen P, Park KW. General anesthesia versus regional anesthesia. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2002;40(1):61–71. doi:10.1097/00004311-200201000-00006
  • Seno Y, Shimada Y, Mizuguchi T, Tanikawa A, Horiguchi M. Compliance with the Face-down Positioning after Vitrectomy and Gas Tamponade for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments. Retina. 2015;35(7):1436–1440. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000479
  • Kumar CM, Seet E, Eke T, Irwin MG, Joshi GP. Peri-operative considerations for sedation-analgesia during cataract surgery: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2019;74(12):1601–1610. doi:10.1111/anae.14845
  • Xiang Y, Ye W, Sun N, Jin X. Analgesic and Sedative Effects of Dezocine and Midazolam During Vitrectomy. Curr Eye Res. 2016;41(11):1460–1464. doi:10.3109/02713683.2015.1128551
  • Lai MM, Lai JC, Lee WH, et al. Comparison of retrobulbar and sub-Tenon’s capsule injection of local anesthetic in vitreoretinal surgery. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(4):574–579. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.10.043
  • Lin IP, Chang PC. Physiological reaction of anxious patients taking sedative medications before and after periodontal surgery. J Dent Sci. 2023;18(1):345–352. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2022.08.031
  • Qian T, Gong Q, Chen C, et al. Preoperative oral diazepam for intraoperative blood pressure stabilisation in hypertensive patients undergoing vitrectomy under retrobulbar nerve block anaesthesia: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2022;23(1):723. doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06686-y
  • Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, et al. CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. Int J Surg. 2012;10(1):28–55. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.10.001
  • Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, Group C. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. Int J Surg. 2011;9(8):672–677. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.09.004
  • Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMC Med. 2010;8(1):18. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-18
  • Hock LE, Kennedy S, Wilson CW, et al. Oral anxiolytics prior to routine resident cataract surgery eliminate need for intravenous sedation at a Veterans Affairs Hospital. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2022;25:101379. doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101379
  • Murray JB. Diazepam (Valium): its dependency liability. J Psychol. 1990;124(6):655–674. doi:10.1080/00223980.1990.10543259
  • Wick JY. The history of benzodiazepines. Consult Pharm. 2013;28(9):538–548. doi:10.4140/TCP.n.2013.538
  • Olkkola KT, Ahonen J. Midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008;182:335–360.
  • Vutskits L, Gascon E, Tassonyi E, Kiss JZ. Clinically relevant concentrations of propofol but not midazolam alter in vitro dendritic development of isolated gamma-aminobutyric acid-positive interneurons. Anesthesiology. 2005;102(5):970–976. doi:10.1097/00000542-200505000-00016
  • Sivilotti L, Nistri A. GABA receptor mechanisms in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol. 1991;36(1):35–92.
  • Baldwin DS. Clinical management of withdrawal from benzodiazepine anxiolytic and hypnotic medications. Addiction. 2022;117(5):1472–1482. doi:10.1111/add.15695
  • Chen SC, Rex DK. Review article: registered nurse-administered propofol sedation for endoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;19(2):147–155. doi:10.1111/j.0269-2813.2004.01833.x
  • Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA. Metabolism of benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic-hypnotic drugs: an analytical point of view. Curr Drug Metab. 2010;11(9):815–829. doi:10.2174/138920010794328887
  • Kienitz R, Kay L, Beuchat I, et al. Benzodiazepines in the Management of Seizures and Status Epilepticus: a Review of Routes of Delivery, Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Tolerability. CNS Drugs. 2022;36(9):951–975.
  • Dhillon S, Oxley J, Richens A. Bioavailability of diazepam after intravenous, oral and rectal administration in adult epileptic patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982;13(3):427–432. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01397.x
  • Friedman H, Greenblatt DJ, Peters GR, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral diazepam: effect of dose, plasma concentration, and time. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1992;52(2):139–150. doi:10.1038/clpt.1992.123
  • Divoll M, Greenblatt DJ, Ochs HR, Shader RI. Absolute bioavailability of oral and intramuscular diazepam: effects of age and sex. Anesth Analg. 1983;62(1):1–8. doi:10.1213/00000539-198301000-00001
  • Wang LL, Ren XX, He Y, et al. Study on the Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam and Its Metabolites in Blood of Chinese People. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2020;45(4):477–485. doi:10.1007/s13318-020-00614-8