Antithrombotic therapy for long-term secondary prevention of acute coronary syndrome in high-risk patients

References

• RuffCTBraunwaldEThe evolving epidemiology of acute coronary syndromesNat Rev Cardiol20118314014721173793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FoxKACarruthersKFDunbarDRUnderestimated and under-recognized: the late consequences of acute coronary syndrome (GRACE UK-Belgian Study)Eur Heart J201031222755276420805110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoldbergRJCurrieKWhiteKSix-month outcomes in a multinational registry of patients hospitalized with an acute coronary syndrome (the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events [GRACE])Am J Cardiol200493328829314759376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OddenMCCoxsonPGMoranALightwoodJMGoldmanLBibbins-DomingoKThe impact of the aging population on coronary heart disease in the United StatesAm J Med2011124982783321722862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HammCWBassandJPAgewallSESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: the Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) in Patients Presenting Without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Eur Heart J201132232999305421873419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StegPGJamesSKAtarDESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Eur Heart J201233202569261922922416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShankerJGasparyanAYKitasGDKakkarVVPlatelet function and antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease: implications of genetic polymorphismsCurr Vasc Pharmacol20119447948921314637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GasparyanAYWatsonTLipGYThe role of aspirin in cardiovascular prevention: implications of aspirin resistanceJ Am Coll Cardiol200851191829184318466797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AradiDStoreyRFKomócsiAExpert position paper on the role of platelet function testing in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventionEur Heart J201435420921524067509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WallentinLBeckerRCBudajATicagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromesN Engl J Med2009361111045105719717846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WiviottSDBraunwaldEMcCabeCHPrasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromesN Engl J Med2007357202001201517982182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ColletJPMontalescotGAgnelliGNon-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome in patients with renal dysfunction: benefit of low-molecular-weight heparin alone or with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors on outcomes. The Global Registry of Acute Coronary EventsEur Heart J200526212285229315932908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DevlinGGoreJMElliottJManagement and 6-month outcomes in elderly and very elderly patients with high-risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary EventsEur Heart J200829101275128218387940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeySFlatherMDDevlinGSex-related differences in the presentation, treatment and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary EventsHeart2009951202618463200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EnriquezJRPratapPZbilutJPCalvinJEVolgmanASWomen tolerate drug therapy for coronary artery disease as well as men do, but are treated less frequently with aspirin, beta-blockers, or statinsGend Med200851536118420166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FranklinKGoldbergRJSpencerFImplications of diabetes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. The Global Registry of Acute Coronary EventsArch Intern Med2004164131457146315249356
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MehtaRHDabbousOHGrangerCBComparison of outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes with and without atrial fibrillationAm J Cardiol20039291031103614583352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WindeckerSKolhPAlfonsoF2014 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization: the Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI)Eur Heart J201435372541261925173339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RogersWJFrederickPDStoehrETrends in presenting characteristics and hospital mortality among patients with ST elevation and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction from 1990 to 2006Am Heart J200815661026103419032996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FoxKADabbousOHGoldbergRJPrediction of risk of death and myocardial infarction in the six months after presentation with acute coronary syndrome: prospective multinational observational study (GRACE)BMJ20063337578109117032691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndreottiFTestaLBiondi-ZoccaiGGCreaFAspirin plus warfarin compared to aspirin alone after acute coronary syndromes: an updated and comprehensive meta-analysis of 25,307 patientsEur Heart J200627551952616143706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De CaterinaRHustedSWallentinLGeneral mechanisms of coagulation and targets of anticoagulants (Section I). Position Paper of the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis – Task Force on Anticoagulants in Heart DiseaseThromb Haemost2013109456957923447024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArdissinoDMerliniPABauerKACoagulation activation and long-term outcome in acute coronary syndromesBlood200310282731273512843003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MegaJLBraunwaldEWiviottSDRivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndromeN Engl J Med2012366191922077192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayer PharmaXarelto (rivaroxaban) [summary of product characteristics]2014 Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000944/WC500057108.pdfAccessed October 3, 2014
   Google Scholar
• OldgrenJBudajAGrangerCBDabigatran vs placebo in patients with acute coronary syndromes on dual antiplatelet therapy: a randomized, double-blind, phase II trialEur Heart J201132222781278921551462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StegPGMehtaSRJukemaJWRUBY-1: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the safety and tolerability of the novel oral factor Xa inhibitor darexaban (YM150) following acute coronary syndromeEur Heart J201132202541255421878434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlexanderJHLopesRDJamesSApixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndromeN Engl J Med2011365869970821780946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RoeMTArmstrongPWFoxKAPrasugrel versus clopidogrel for acute coronary syndromes without revascularizationN Engl J Med2012367141297130922920930
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YusufSZhaoFMehtaSRChrolaviciusSTognoniGFoxKKEffects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevationN Engl J Med2001345749450211519503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WallentinLWilcoxRGWeaverWDOral ximelagatran for secondary prophylaxis after myocardial infarction: the ESTEEM randomised controlled trialLancet2003362938678979713678873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HustedSDe CaterinaRAndreottiFNon-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs): no longer new or novelThromb Haemost2014111578178224658395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RoeMTOhmanEMA new era in secondary prevention after acute coronary syndromeN Engl J Med20123661858722077849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BuenoHFernández-AvilésFUse of risk scores in acute coronary syndromesHeart201298216216822156037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BottorffMBNutescuEASpinlerSAntiplatelet therapy in patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: findings from the CRUSADE national quality improvement initiativePharmacotherapy20072781145116217655514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlexanderKPNewbyLKCannonCPAcute coronary care in the elderly, part I: Non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: in collaboration with the Society of Geriatric CardiologyCirculation2007115192549256917502590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlexanderKPNewbyLKArmstrongPWAcute coronary care in the elderly, part II: ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: in collaboration with the Society of Geriatric CardiologyCirculation2007115192570258917502591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HustedSJamesSBeckerRCTicagrelor versus clopidogrel in elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes: a substudy from the prospective randomized PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trialCirc Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes20125568068822991347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eli Lilly NetherlandsEfient (prasugrel) [summary of product characteristics]2014 Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000984/WC500021971.pdfAccessed August 26, 2014
   Google Scholar
• US Food and Drug AdministrationRivaroxaban (Xarelto): Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee2012 Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/CardiovascularandRenalDrugsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM305922.pdfAccessed September 26, 2014
   Google Scholar
• RoeMTGoodmanSGOhmanMElderly patients with acute coronary syndromes managed without revascularization. Insights into the safety of long-term dual antiplatelet therapy with reduced-dose prasugrel versus standard-dose clopidogrelCirculation2013128882383323852610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MoscucciMFoxKACannonCPPredictors of major bleeding in acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE)Eur Heart J200324201815182314563340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HustedSJamesSKBachRGThe efficacy of ticagrelor is maintained in women with acute coronary syndromes participating in the prospective, randomized, PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trialEur Heart J201435231541155024682844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WallentinLLindholmDSiegbahnABiomarkers in relation to the effects of ticagrelor in comparison with clopidogrel in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients managed with or without in-hospital revascularization: a substudy from the Prospective Randomized Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trialCirculation2014129329330324170388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Medicines AgencyAssessment report: Xarelto2013 Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Assessment_Report_-_Variation/human/000944/WC500144718.pdfAccessed September 26, 2014
   Google Scholar
• JamesSKStoreyRFKhurmiNSTicagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attackCirculation2012125232914292122572911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JamesSBudajAAylwardPTicagrelor versus clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes in relation to renal function: results from the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trialCirculation2010122111056106720805430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Food and Drug AdministrationRivaroxaban for reducing the risk of cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS)2012 Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/CardiovascularandRenalDrugsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM304757.pdfAccessed October 5, 2014
   Google Scholar
• YanRTYanATTanMUnderuse of evidence-based treatment partly explains the worse clinical outcome in diabetic patients with acute coronary syndromesAm Heart J2006152467668316996832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JamesSAngiolilloDJCornelJHTicagrelor vs clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and diabetes: a substudy from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trialEur Heart J201031243006301620802246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WiviottSDBraunwaldEAngiolilloDJGreater clinical benefit of more intensive oral antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel in patients with diabetes mellitus in the trial to assess improvement in therapeutic outcomes by optimizing platelet inhibition with prasugrel-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 38Circulation2008118161626163618757948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StegPGDabbousOHFeldmanLJDeterminants and prognostic impact of heart failure complicating acute coronary syndromes observations from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE)Circulation2004109449449914744970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al KhdairDAlshengeitiLElbarouniBManagement and outcome of acute coronary syndrome patients in relation to prior history of atrial fibrillationCan J Cardiol201228444344922439969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CammAJLipGYDe CaterinaR2012 Focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm AssociationEur Heart J201233212719274722922413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LipGYHuberKAndreottiFAntithrombotic management of atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing coronary stenting: executive summary – a Consensus Document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, endorsed by the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI)Eur Heart J201031111311131820447945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LambertsMOlesenJBRuwaldMHBleeding after initiation of multiple antithrombotic drugs, including triple therapy, in atrial fibrillation patients following myocardial infarction and coronary intervention: a nationwide cohort studyCirculation2012126101185119322869839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SarafoffNMartischnigAWealerJTriple therapy with aspirin, prasugrel and vitamin K antagonists in patients with drug eluting stent implantation and an indication for oral anticoagulationJ Am Coll Cardiol201361202060206623524219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DewildeWJOirbansTVerheugtFWUse of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trialLancet201338198721107111523415013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LipGYWindeckerSHuberKManagement of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing percutaneous coronary or valve interventions: a joint consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and European Association of Acute Cardiac Care (ACCA) endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)Eur Heart J201435453155317925154388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FiedlerKAMaengMMehilliJDuration of triple therapy in patients requiring oral anticoagulation after drug-eluting stent implantation (ISAR-TRIPLE Trial)Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics (TCT)2014 Available from: http://clinicaltrialresults.org/Slides/TCT%202014/Sarafoff_ISARTRIPLE.pdfAccessed January 07, 2015
   Google Scholar
• MauriLKereiakesDJYehRWTwelve or 30 months of dual anti-platelet therapy after drug-eluting stentsN Engl J Med2014371232155216625399658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen Scientific AffairsA study exploring two strategies of rivaroxaban and one of oral vitamin K antagonist in patients with atrial fibrillation who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PIONEER AF-PCI) Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01830543. NLM identifier: NCT01830543Accessed September 26, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Boehringer IngelheimEvaluation of dual therapy with dabigatran vs triple therapy with warfarin in patients with AF that undergo a PCI with stenting (REDUAL-PCI) NLM identifier: NCT02164864. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02164864Accessed September 11, 2014
   Google Scholar
• HeidbuchelHVerhammePAlingsMEuropean Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillationEuropace201315562565123625942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GibsonCMLevitanBMurphySAA net clinical outcome analysis comparing fatal or irreversible ischemic and bleeding events in ATLAS ACS 2 – TIMI 51Circulation2012126A13152
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar