References
- CustovicAJohnstonSLPavordIEAACI position statement on asthma exacerbations and severe asthmaAllergy2013681520153124410781
- OmachiTAIribarrenCSarkarURisk factors for death in adults with severe asthmaAnn Allergy Asthma Immunol200810113013618727467
- CisternasMGBlancPDYenIHA comprehensive study of the direct and indirect costs of adult asthmaJ Allergy Clin Immunol20031111212121812789219
- European Network for Understanding Mechanisms of Severe AsthmaThe ENFUMOSA cross-sectional European multicentre study of the clinical phenotype of chronic severe asthmaEur Respir J20032247047714516137
- HeaneyLGBrightlingCEMenzies-GowAStevensonMNivenRMRefractory asthma in the UK: cross-sectional findings from a UK multicentre registryThorax20106578779420805172
- MooreWCBleeckerERCurran-EverettDCharacterization of the severe asthma phenotype by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Severe Asthma Research ProgramJ Allergy Clin Immunol2007119240541317291857
- SchäckeHDöckeWDAsadullahKMechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoidsPharmacol Ther200296234312441176
- ChungKFWenzelSEBrozekJLInternational ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthmaEur Respir J20144334337324337046
- HaldarPBrightlingCEHargadonBMepolizumab and exacerbations of refractory eosinophilic asthmaN Engl J Med200936097398419264686
- PavordIDKornSHowarthPMepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialLancet201238065165922901886
- StoneKDPrussinCMetcalfeDDIgE, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophilsJ Allergy Clin Immunol20101252 Suppl 2S73S8020176269
- RothenbergMEHoganSPThe eosinophilAnnu Rev Immunol20062414717416551246
- BousquetJChanezPLacosteJYEosinophilic inflammation in asthmaN Engl J Med199032315103310392215562
- WardlawAJBrightlingCEGreenRWoltmannGBraddingPPavordIDNew insights into the relationship between airway inflammation and asthmaClin Sci (Lond)2002103220121112149112
- WenzelSESchwartzLBLangmackELEvidence that severe asthma can be divided pathologically into two inflammatory subtypes with distinct physiologic and clinical characteristicsAm J Respir Crit Care Med199916031001100810471631
- WoodruffPGModrekBChoyDFT-helper type 2-driven inflammation defines major subphenotypes of asthmaAm J Respir Crit Care Med2009180538839519483109
- WenzelSSevere asthma in adultsAm J Respir Crit Care Med2005172214916015849323
- BecchettiEBaniDBaroniTIstologia UmanaNapoli, ItalyIdelson-Gnocchi20113933949788879475419
- RosenbergHFPhippsSFosterPSEosinophil trafficking in allergy and asthmaJ Allergy Clin Immunol20071191303131017481712
- MolfinoNAGossageDKolbeckRParkerJMGebaGPMolecular and clinical rationale for therapeutic targeting of interleukin-5 and its receptorClin Exp Allergy20124271273722092535
- RossjohnJMcKinstryWJWoodcockJMStructure of the activation domain of the GM-CSF/IL-3/IL-5 receptor common beta-chain bound to an antagonistBlood2000952491249810753826
- SehmiRDormanSBaatjesAAllergen-induced fluctuation in CC chemokine receptor 3 expression on bone marrow CD34+ cells from asthmatic subjects: significance for mobilization of haemopoietic progenitor cells in allergic inflammationImmunology200310953654612871220
- LamkhiouedBAbdelilahSGHamidQMansourNDelespesseGRenziPMThe CCR3 receptor is involved in eosinophil differentiation and is up-regulated by Th2 cytokines in CD34+ progenitor cellsJ Immunol200317053754712496441
- ParkSWKimDJChangHSAssociation of interleukin-5 and eotaxin with acute exacerbation of asthmaInt Arch Allergy Immunol200313128329012915771
- LeckieMJten BrinkeAKhanJEffects of an interleukin-5 blocking monoclonal antibody on eosinophils, airway hyper-responsiveness, and the late asthmatic responseLancet20003562144214811191542
- LeckieMJAnti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibodies: preclinical and clinical evidence in asthma modelsAm J Respir Med2003224525914720006
- Flood-PagePSwensonCFaifermanIA study to evaluate safety and efficacy of mepolizumab in patients with moderate persistent asthmaAm J Respir Crit Care Med2007176111062107117872493
- Menzies-GowAFlood-PagePSehmiRAnti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) therapy induces bone marrow eosinophil maturational arrest and decreases eosinophil progenitors in the bronchial mucosa of atopic asthmaticsJ Allergy Clin Immunol200311171471912704348
- NairPPizzichiniMMKjarsgaardMMepolizumab for prednisone dependent asthma with sputum eosinophiliaN Engl J Med200936098599319264687
- Zia-AmirhosseiniPMinthornEBenincosaLJPharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SB-240563, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed to human interleukin-5, in monkeysJ Pharmacol Exp Ther199929131060106710565825
- RothenbergMEKlionADRoufosseFETreatment of patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome with mepolizumabN Engl J Med2008358121215122818344568
- US Food and Drug AdministrationFDA approves Nucala to treat severe asthmaFDA News Release2015114 Available from http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm471031.htmAccessed January 10, 2016
- http://www.ema.europa.eu/emaNucala authorisation details [updated on 15/04/2016] Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/003860/human_med_Accessed May 5, 2016
- PrazmaCMWenzelSBarnesNDouglassJAHartleyBFOrtegaHCharacterisation of an OCS-dependent severe asthma population treated with mepolizumabThorax201469121141114224834924
- GlaxoSmithKlineEfficacy and Safety of Mepolizumab as an Add-on Treatment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02105961. NLM Identifier: NCT02105961Accessed March 5, 2016
- OrtegaHGLiuMCPavordIDMepolizumab treatment in patients with severe eosinophilic asthmaN Engl J Med2014371131198120725199059
- BelEHWenzelSEThompsonPJOral glucocorticoid-sparing effect of mepolizumab in eosinophilic asthmaN Engl J Med2014371131189211925199060
- PowellCMilanSJDwanKBaxLWaltersNMepolizumab versus placebo for asthmaCochrane Database Syst Rev20157CD01083426214266
- GlaxoSmithKlinePharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Mepolizumab Administered Subcutaneously in Children Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02377427?term=mepolizumab&cond=%22Asthma%22&rank=14. NLM Identifier: NCT02377427Accessed May 26, 2016
- LommatzschSEMartinRJGoodJTJrImportance of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in identifying asthma phenotypes to direct personalized therapyCurr Opin Pulm Med2013191424823197289
- DjukanovićRBronchoscopy as a research tool for the study of asthma pathogenesis and effects of antiasthma drugsJ Allergy Clin Immunol1996985 Pt 2S41S45 discussion S64–S668939175
- KatzLEGleichGJHartleyBFYanceySWOrtegaHGBlood eosinophil count is a useful biomarker to identify patients with severe eosinophilic asthmaAnn Am Thorac Soc201411453153624606022
- JatakanonALimSKharitonovSAChungKFBarnesPJCorrelation between exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophils, and methacholine responsiveness in patients with mild asthmaThorax199853291959624291
- SchleichFNSeidelLSeleJExhaled nitric oxide thresholds associated with a sputum eosinophil count ≥3% in a cohort of unselected patients with asthmaThorax201065121039104420671307
- WagenerAHde NijsSBLutterRExternal validation of blood eosinophils, FE(NO) and serum periostin as surrogates for sputum eosinophils in asthmaThorax201570211512025422384
- WesterhofGAKorevaarDAAmelinkMBiomarkers to identify sputum eosinophilia in different adult asthma phenotypesEur Respir J201546368869626113672
- IzuharaKConwaySJMooreBBRoles of periostin in respiratory disordersAm J Respir Crit Care Med Epub2016112
- JiaGEricksonRWChoyDFPeriostin is a systemic biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthmatic patientsJ Allergy Clin Immunol2012130364765422857879
- KipsJCO’ ConnorBJLangleySJEffect of SCH55700, a humanized anti-human interleukin-5 antibody, in severe persistent asthma: a pilot studyAm J Respir Crit Care Med2003167121655165912649124
- EganRAthwalDBodmerMEffect of Sch 55700, a humanized monoclonal antibody to human interleukin-5, on eosinophilic responses and bronchial hyperreactivityArzneimittelforschung19994977979010514907
- GevaertPLang-LoidoltDLacknerANasal IL-5 levels determine the response to anti-IL-5 treatment in patients with nasal polypsJ Allergy Clin Immunol200611851133114117088140
- BjermerCLMasperoJCiesielskaMO’BrienCZangrilliJA randomized phase 3 study of the efficacy and safety of reslizumab in subjects with asthma with elevated eosinophilsEur Respir J2014445829925082909
- CastroMMathurSHargreaveFReslizumab for poorly controlled, eosinophilic asthma: a randomized, placebo-controlled studyAm J Respir Crit Care Med2011184101125113221852542
- KolbeckRKozhichAKoikeMPengLAnderssonCKDamschroderMMMEDI-563, a humanized anti-IL-5 receptor alpha mAb with enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity functionJ Allergy Clin Immunol201012561344135320513525
- GhaziATrikhaACalhounWJBenralizumab – a humanized mAb to IL-5Ralpha with enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity – a novel approach for the treatment of asthmaExpert Opin Biol Ther201212111311822136436
- CastroMWenzelSEBleeckerERBenralizumab, an anti-interleukin 5 receptor alpha monoclonal antibody, versus placebo for uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma: a phase 2b randomised dose-ranging studyLancet Respir Med201421187989025306557
- PhamTHDameraGNewboldPRanadeKReductions in eosinophil biomarkers by benralizumab in patients with asthmaRespir Med2016111212926775606
- HaldarPBrightlingCESingapuriAOutcomes after cessation of mepolizumab therapy in severe eosinophilic asthma: a 12-month follow-up analysisJ Allergy Clin Immunol2014133392192324418480
- KimYJMartin PrussinCBLawMARebound eosinophilia after treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome and eosinophilic gastroenteritis with monoclonal anti-IL-5 antibody SCH55700J Allergy Clin Immunol20041141449145515577851
- GlaxoSmithKlineCessation Versus Continuation of Long-Term Mepolizumab in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma Patients Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02555371. NLM Identifier: NCT02555371Accessed May 4, 2016
- UK Medicines InformationNew drugs online report for mepolizumab Available from http://www.ukmi.nhs.uk/applications/ndo/record_view_open.asp?newDrugID=4675Accessed March 6, 2016
- ICERICER draft reports on Nucala® (mepolizumab) for asthma and Tresiba® (insulin degludec) for diabetes posted for public comment editBoston, MAICER2015 Available from http://www.icer-review.org/icer-draft-reports-on-nucala-mepolizumab-for-asthma-and-tresiba-insulin-degludec-for-diabetes-posted-for-public-commentAccessed March 5, 2016
- BogartMRobertsAWheelerSCost-effectiveness of refractory asthma treatment strategies: a decision tree analysisISPOR 20th Annual International MeetingPhiladelphia, PA2015
- Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA)Global strategy for asthma management and preventionGINA2015
- SweeneyJPattersonCCMenzies-GowAComorbidity in severe asthma requiring systemic corticosteroid therapy: cross-sectional data from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database and the British Thoracic Difficult Asthma Registry. British Thoracic Society Difficult Asthma NetworkThorax201671433934626819354