Pattern of Cardiac Diseases and Co-Existing Morbidities Among Newly Registered Cardiac Patients in an Adult Cardiac Referral Clinic of Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern-Ethiopia

References

• Raji Y, Mabayoje O, Bello T. Familial clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among first-degree relatives of patients with chronic kidney disease in a sub-Saharan African population. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2015;26:11–14. doi:10.5830/CVJA-2015-041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization Noncommunicable Diseases. Available from: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases. Accessed March 19, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Global Health Estimates 2015: Death by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and by Region, 2000–2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Kariuki JK, Stuart-Shor EM, Leveille SG, Hayman LL. Methodological challenges in estimating trends and burden of cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiol Res Pract. 2015;2015:921021. doi:10.1155/2015/921021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEF (World Economic Forum). The global economic burden of non-communicable diseases. A report by the World Economic Forum and the Harvard School of Public Health. September, 2011. Available from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Harvard_HE_ Global EconomicBurdenNonCommunicableDiseases_2011.pdf. Accessed August 26, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Global Burden of Diseases (GBD). Mortality and causes of death collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1459–1544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt M, Jacobsen JB, Johnsen SP, Boøtker HE, Soørensen HT. Eighteen-year trends in stroke mortality and the prognostic influence of comorbidity. Neurology. 2014;82:340–350. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McManus DD, Nguyen HL, Saczynski JS, Tisminetzky M, Bourell P, Goldberg RJ. Multiple cardiovascular comorbidities and acute myocardial infarction: temporal trends (1990–2007) and impact on death rates at 30 days and 1 year. Clin Epidemiol. 2012;4:115–123. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S30883
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen HY, Saczynski JS, McManus DD, et al. The impact of cardiac and noncardiac comorbidities on the short-term outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: a population-based perspective. Clin Epidemiol. 2013;5:439–448. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S49485
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, Watt G, Wyke S, Guthrie B. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross sectional study. Lancet. 2012;380(9836):37–43. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vos R, van den Akker M, Boesten J, Robertson C, Metsemakers J. Trajectories of multimorbidity: exploring patterns of multimorbidity in patients with more than ten chronic health problems in life course. BMC Fam Pract. 2015;16:2. doi:10.1186/s12875-014-0213-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habte B, Alemseged F, Tesfaye D. The pattern of cardiac diseases at the cardiac clinic of Jimma University specialised hospital, south West Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2010;20:2.
   Google Scholar
• Manjunath CN, Srinivas P, Ravindranath KS, Dhanalakshmi C. Incidence and patterns of valvular heart disease in a tertiary care high-volume cardiac center: a single center experience. Indian Heart J. 2014;66(3):320–326. doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2014.03.010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ajayi EA, Adewuya OA, Ohunakin AA, Olaoye OB. Echocardiographic pattern of heart diseases at a Southwest Nigerian private clinic. Sahel Med J. 2018;21(3):153. doi:10.4103/smj.smj_19_17
   Google Scholar
• Tefera YG, Abegaz TM, Abebe TB, Mekuria AB. The changing trend of cardiovascular disease and its clinical characteristics in Ethiopia: hospital-based observational study. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2017;13:143. doi:10.2147/VHRM.S131259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nkoke C, Makoge C, Dzudie A, et al. A predominance of hypertensive heart disease among patients with cardiac disease in Buea, a semi-urban setting, South West Region of Cameroon. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1):684. doi:10.1186/s13104-017-3034-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rizvi SF, Khan MA, Kundi A, Marsh DR, Samad A, Pasha O. Status of rheumatic heart disease in rural Pakistan. Heart. 2004;90(4):394–399. doi:10.1136/hrt.2003.025981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carapetis JR, Currie BJ, Mathews JD. Cumulative incidence of rheumatic fever in an endemic region: a guide to the susceptibility of the population? Epidemiol Infect. 2000;124:239–244. doi:10.1017/S0950268800003514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilherme L, Kohler KF, Postol E, Kalil J. Genes, autoimmunity and pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease. Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2011;4:13–21. doi:10.4103/0974-2069.79617
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abdissa SG, Oli K, Feleke Y, Goshu DY, Begna DM, Tafese A. Spectrum of cardiovascular diseases among Ethiopian patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized University Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa. Ethiop Med J. 2014;52(1):9–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akono MN, Simo LP, Agbor VN, Njoyo SL, Mbanya D. The spectrum of heart disease among adults at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Northwest Cameroon: a semi-urban setting. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):76. doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4803-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Sellés M, García-Fernández MA, Moreno M, Larios E, García-Robles JA, Pinto Á. Influence of gender on the etiology of mitral regurgitation. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2006;59(12):1335–1338. doi:10.1016/S1885-5857(07)60091-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteagudo Ruiz JM, Galderisi M, Buonauro A, et al. Overview of mitral regurgitation in Europe: results from the European Registry of mitral regurgitation (EuMiClip). Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;19(5):503–507. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jey011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Movahed MR, Ahmadi-Kashani M, Kasravi B, Saito Y. Increased prevalence of mitral stenosis in women. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006;19(7):911–913. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2006.01.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Women & Valve Disease. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17647-women–valve-disease. Accessed March 25, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad S, Hayat U, Naz H. Frequency of severe mitral stenosis in young female patients having pure mitral stenosis secondary to rheumatic heart disease. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2010;22(4):19–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics–2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;131(4):e29–322. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abubakar I, Tillmann T, Banerjee A. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;385(9963):117–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petros G. Patterns of heart disease Jimma Hospital. Bull JIHS. 1996;6(2):85–92.
   Google Scholar
• Hypertension. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension. Accessed March 25, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Kokubo Y, Matsumoto C. Hypertension is a risk factor for several types of heart disease: review of prospective studies. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;956:419–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vakhlamov DA, Vakhlamov VA. Priority risk factors of developing cor pulmonale in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to correlation analysis findings. Современные Технологии В Медицине. 2016;8(4(eng)).
   Google Scholar
• Kendir C, van den Akker M, Vos R, Metsemakers J. Cardiovascular disease patients have increased risk for comorbidity: a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands. Eur J Gen Pract. 2018;24(1):45–50. doi:10.1080/13814788.2017.1398318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar